transnational workshop on zero waste application · • evolution of generation and management of...

Francesc Giró, Technical Manager

TRANSNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ZERO WASTE APPLICATION

within the framework of zero waste project(1G-MED08-533) “Low Cost Zero Waste Municipality”

Athens, 7 April 2011

Strategies and experiences in Biowaste management in Catalonia

Los

CONTENTS

1.- Catalonia's specific situation 2.- Actions in Catalonia3.- Results 4.- Conclusions

Catalonia is one of the 17 Autonomous Communities (AC) of SpainWhile Spain, as a Member State

of the EU, prepares the basic legislation and is responsible for transposing the FWD,

Catalonia has many delegated competences, like waste managementCatalonia is the only AC that has

implemented the Biowaste separate collection (SC) all over the country

*

*

* Partial ImplementationSource: European Compost Network

1. Catalonia's specific situation

Surface 32.106 km²7.363.202 inhabitants and

946 municipalities, grouped in 41 small regions known as “comarca”The distribution of the

population is very irregular 42 % of the population is

living on 2 % of the surface (around Barcelona)More than 63 %

municipalities (601) have less than 2.000 inhabitants


• 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain has less than 1,7 % SOM (1 % SOC)

• According to Communication Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, there exists a real risk of desertification for the 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain

Source: Study on organic matter and heavy metals in agricultural soils and grassland in Spain. INIA(MEC), MAPA, MIMAM 2004


• Evolution of generation and management of MSW 2001-2009

MSW Generation Separate Collection Mixed MSW

37,6 %

1,54 kg /inhab · day

• Near 4.190.000 tonnes of MSW generated in Catalunya (year 2009)

• On average 1,54 kg of MSW per inhabitant and day


• Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste

Los

Reduction of the amount of biodegradable wastesgoing to landfill in relation to biodegradable waste produced in 1995

2006 reduced to 75% 2009 reduced to 50% 2016 reduced to 35%

Biodegradable wastes:

Food waste Vegetable waste Paper Other

Reduction of:

• CH4• Leachate• Resources Loss• Land use

Options for the fulfilment:

- Biowaste Sep. Collect. + Recycling- MBT for residual waste- Incineration (?)

Without separate collection of biowaste, it is very difficult to get it !!!


• FW Directive (Directive 2008/98/CE on waste)• Towards a Recycling Society

Los

Member States shall take the necessary measures designed to achieve the following targets:

(a) by 2020, the preparing for re-use and the recycling of waste materials such as at least paper, metal, plastic and glass from households and possibly from other origins … shall be increased to a minimum of overall 50 % by weight


Food & Vegetable waste represents about 36% , while Glass + Paper + Light Packaging represents 37% (both on weight of MSW produced)

In 2009, the overall separate collection was 37,6%


• How to get an optimised approach for separate collection of Biowaste?– MANDATES for Biowaste Separate Collection?– TARGETS for Biowaste Separate Collection?– ECONOMIC PRESSURE?– A MIX OF ALL THEM?

• High captures of biowaste• High quality of biowaste (low % impurities)• To avoid the increase of waste generation• Contention of the costs• Fulfil diversion targets of biodegradable

waste of the Landfill Directive• Fulfil target min. of 50% overall recycling

What does mean OPTIMISATION?


• Directive 2008/98/CE on waste– Art. 22. Member States shall take measures to encourage:

(a) the sep. collect. of biowaste with a view to the composting & digestion(b) the biowaste treatment in a way that fulfils a high level of environ. protection(c) the use of environmentally safe materials produced from biowaste.

All Tools are

NEEDED !!!

• 1st Stage (1991-2000)– Creation of Environment Department (Catalan Government)– Law 6/93 on waste– PGRMC 1995-2000. 1st Programme for MSW Management

• 2nd Stage (2001-2004)– PROGREMIC 2001-2006. 2nd Programme for MSW Management– Law 15/2003, which modifies Law 6/93 on waste– Law 16/2003 for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste

deposition tax (landfilling)• 3rd Stage (2005-2012)

– Law 9/2008, which modifies Law 6/1993 on waste– Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste

disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilling & incineration)– PROGREMIC 2007-2012. 3rd Programme for MSW Management– Regional Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management

2. Actions in Catalonia. Legislation + Planning

MANDATES + TARGETS + ECONOMIC PRESSUREINFRAESTRUCTURES PLANNING

Programa de Gestióde ResidusMunicipals 1995-2000

PROGREMIC 2000-2006

PROGREMIC 2007-2012

Schemes Road Container [Biowaste + Residual Waste] [Glass + Paper + Packaging]Collection Points (Deixalleries)

Road ContainerDoor to Door (Porta a Porta)Collection Points (Deixalleries)Collection of Commercial Waste

Targets Separate Collection:10 % on weight (1996-1997)50 % on weight (1998-2000)

Material Recovery:40 % on weight (2003)55 % on weight (2006)

Reduction: 2% on weight Total Material Recovery:55 % on weightImpurities < 15 %

Investment 46 composting plants (C)23.000 Milions Ptes (138 M€)

14 working plants (C)15 new plants35.000 Milions Ptes (210 M€)

20 working plants + 9 new plants [C or AD] + 30 MBT Plants707 M€

2. Actions in Catalonia. Legislation + Planning

Los

1993. LAW ON WASTE • Mandatory for Separate Collection for all municipalities• Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste (only for

municipalities > 5.000 inhabitants)• Some municipalities implement the separate collection of biowaste,

whether they have more than 5.000 inhabitants as if they have less.• Composting plants were built gradually, but they need to treat more

biowaste, so we had at the beginning problems of economic imbalance.

2. Actions in Catalonia. MANDATORY

2008. LAW 9/2008 ON WASTE• Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste for ALL

municipalities• Separate Collection of Biowaste must be implemented in agreement

to a “Plan for the implementation of the separate collection of biowaste”

• Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilled & incineration)– Tax 10 € / Tonne (landfilled) [∼ 25 MEUR]– Tax 5 € / Tonne (incinerated) [∼ 3,5 MEUR]– If Biowaste separate collection was not implemented in accordance

a implementation plan, the tax is increased in 10 €/Tonne – Guide for local authorities about Law 16/2003 on funding of the

waste treatment infrastructures and of the tax on landfilling (annually reviewed), which includes the Tax refund criteria:

• Biowaste Treatment [33,5 € / T]• Biowaste Collection [12,0 € / T] x f1 x f2• Qualitative factor (f1)

• Population factor (f2)

2. Actions in Catalonia. Economic pressure + incentives

2. Actions in Catalonia. Economic Subsidies

• Subsidies to local authorities for promote Biowaste Separate Collection [45 M€ since 2004]– Technical project– Promotion & campaign– Containers, Buckets, Compostable bags– Collection vehicles– Home composting– Transfer points

0

1.000.000

2.000.000

3.000.000

4.000.000

5.000.000

6.000.000

7.000.000

8.000.000

9.000.000

10.000.000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Impo

rte (€

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Sol

icitu

des

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nº d

e m

unic

ipis

que

inic

ien

el s

erve

i de

RS

de la

FORM

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

> 5.000 hab < 5.000 hab

Effect of Tax on Landfilling + Tax refund + Subsidies

Biowaste separate

collectionCompulsory (Law 6/93)come into

force

End of the extension period for Biowaste separate

collection (Law 6/93)

• Evolution of the number of municipalities with biowaste separate collection. 1996-2009

More municipalities implement the Biowaste separate collectionMore biowaste treatment plants are builtBiowaste treatment plants start to receive more biowaste

2. Actions in Catalonia. Effects

1. Phone and face-to-face assessment.2. Three-monthly characterization of all biowaste SC.3. Computer-aided monitoring of the Development Plan.

Implemented and non-implemented stages.4. Computer-aided monitoring of treated tonnes. Monthly inputs

and outputs of each plant.5. Technical assistance for building facilities & operating facilities6. Computer-aided follow-up of facilities. Improvements,

machinery.7. Guidance on designing and running of compost facilities.8. Technical workshops.9. Specific studies.

Besides legislative and financial support, there are important technical support actions

2. Actions in Catalonia. Technical support

Combined use of aerated bucket with composting bag

Home Composting: + de 16.000 composting bins

FoodBanks

3. Results. Prevention & separate collection

Study available (CAT, ESP)

http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/arc/Home/Ambits dactuacio/Recollida selectiva/Residus municipals/Materia organica (FORM - FV)/Jornades, estudis i enllacos/IMPACTES DE LA BOSA COMPOSTABLE EN LA GESTIO DE LA FORM_cat.pdfhttp://www20.gencat.cat/docs/arc/Home/Ambits dactuacio/Recollida selectiva/Residus municipals/Materia organica (FORM - FV)/Jornades, estudis i enllacos/IMPACTES DE LA BOSA COMPOSTABLE EN LA GESTIO DE LA FORM_cat.pdf

• Implementation of SC of biowaste (http://www.arc.cat/webarc/jsp/formimpl/en/cercarmunicipis.jsf)

• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented biowaste separate collection (December 2010)Only Large Producers 8Partially implemented 66Full implementation 624

Different areas:

Household biowaste (population)

Large Producers biowaste

Partially implemented

Fully implemented

3. Results. Implementation of biowaste separate collection

http://www.arc.cat/webarc/jsp/formimpl/en/cercarmunicipis.jsf

Implementation in municipalities 5.000 - < 50.000 inhabitants 179Implementation in municipalities >50.000 inhabitants 23

Different municipalities typology:Rural municipalitiesSemi-urban municipalities Urban municipalities

3. Results. Implementation of biowasteseparate collection

• Situation on December 2010• 698 (on 947) municipalities has implemented

biowaste separate collection

3. Results. Implementation of biowasteseparate collection


biowaste separate collectionMunicipalities with Door to Door collection 127Municipalities with Road Container collection 571

Different options:Door to DoorRoad ContainerUnderground containersUse of reduced lid

http://www.grec.net/cgibin/fotcl.pgm?NUMIL=0094646&COL=7http://www.portaaporta.cat/documents/imatge_portaaporta_34.jpg


biowaste separate collectionMunicipalities with Separate collection + Home composting 237Municipalities with only Home composting 52

Currently, the separate collection of biowaste is running in 707 municipalities

Different schemes for home composting:•Individual composting•Community composting•As an exclusive way to manage biowaste•As a complement to biowaste separate collection•At schools

3. Results. Implementation of biowaste separate collection

22

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (1)

Number of Characterizations 428 732 981 1.121 1.226 1.336 1.198

% Total Impurities (arithmetic average) 14,20% 14,30% 15,00% 10,3 % * 10,8 % * 9,2 % * 10.06%

“Gross” amount of Biowaste (tonnes) 176.301 220.172 258.729 302.629 315.803 341.160 418.000

% Total impurities (weighted average) 23,80% 22,20% nd nd 15,10% 14,60% nd

“Clean” amount of Biowaste (tonnes) 134.341 171.294 nd nd 268.117 291.351 nd

• Since year 2007 it is used a corrective factor for paper-cardboard and plastic bags due to the presence of water in those fractions(1) Approximate data

EVOLUTION OF BIOWASTE SEPARATE COLLECTION IN CATALONIA. Quantity & Quality

0

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

450.000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

any

tonn

es /

year

"Clean" Biowaste (t/y) Impurities (t/y)

3. Results. Evolution of biowasteQuantity & Quality

05

101520253035404550556065

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

% Im

purit

ies

27,9 %36,2 %

16,6 %7,3%

3,7 % 8,3 %

Characterisation of 1.323 Biowaste Samples [Year 2009]

1. Some Large Producers2. Most of Door to Door municipalities3. Municipalities in rural areas4. Municipalities with high awareness level5. Municipalities using compostable bags (compulsory)

3. Results. Evolution of biowasteQuantity & Quality

3. Results. Biowaste Treatment

COMPOST produced from Biowaste Separate Collection→ Agricultural Uses

(thorough EoW criteria)

Stabilized organic wasteproduced from NON separate collection (OM from residual waste)→ Non Agricultural Uses

3.- Results. Compost

Quality requirements set in:-Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management in Catalonia and in-Authorization procedure

4. Conclusions

1. The adoption of specific legislation and planning on biowasteseparate collection (combining mandate & targets) and of the Tax on waste disposal has been essential for developing Biowaste recycling.

2. It is very difficult to achieve the targets established by European Directives (Landfill Directive & Waste Directive) without Separate Collection of Biowaste.

3. Separate Collection and recycling of biowaste improves waste management, and has other related benefits: improvements in soilquality, reduction of greenhouse emissions, savings due to the replacement of fertilizers, and energy saving (in case of Anaerobic Digestion).

According to our experience in Catalonia

4. Conclusions

4. Separate Collection and Recycling of Biowaste allows different modalities, which can be adapted to the specificity of each municipality. Nevertheless, it should be implemented thorough an integrated way to optimize sorting schemes, reducing the collection of residual waste, and avoid the increase of collection costs

5. Criteria for compost quality have to be established, clearly identifying compost from Separate Collection from other sources,towards successful compost recycling and marketing.

Thank you very much for your attention !

1. Catalonia's specific situation1. Catalonia's specific situation1. Catalonia's specific situation2. Actions in Catalonia. �Legislation + Planning2. Actions in Catalonia. �MANDATORY2. Actions in Catalonia. �Economic pressure + incentives2. Actions in Catalonia. �Economic Subsidies

Francesc Giró, Technical Manager

TRANSNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON

ZERO WASTE APPLICATION

within the framework of zero waste project

(1G-MED08-533) “Low Cost Zero Waste Municipality”

Athens, 7 April 2011

Strategies and experiences in Biowaste management in Catalonia

Los

CONTENTS

1.- Catalonia's specific situation

2.- Actions in Catalonia

3.- Results

4.- Conclusions

*

*

*

*


Catalonia is one of the 17 Autonomous Communities (AC) of Spain

While Spain, as a Member State of the EU, prepares the basic legislation and is responsible for transposing the FWD,

Catalonia has many delegated competences, like waste management

Catalonia is the only AC that has implemented the Biowaste separate collection (SC) all over the country

*

*

* Partial Implementation

Source: European Compost Network

*

*

*

*

Surface 32.106 km²

7.363.202 inhabitants and 946 municipalities, grouped in 41 small regions known as “comarca”

The distribution of the population is very irregular

42 % of the population is living on 2 % of the surface (around Barcelona)

More than 63 % municipalities (601) have less than 2.000 inhabitants


*

*

*

*


50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain has less than 1,7 % SOM (1 % SOC)

According to Communication Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, there exists a real risk of desertification for the 50 % of agricultural soils & grassland in Spain

Source: Study on organic matter and heavy metals in agricultural soils and grassland in Spain. INIA(MEC), MAPA, MIMAM 2004


Evolution of generation and management of MSW 2001-2009

Near 4.190.000 tonnes of MSW generated in Catalunya (year 2009)

On average 1,54 kg of MSW per inhabitant and day

MSW Generation

Separate Collection

Mixed MSW

37,6 %

1,54 kg /inhab · day

Directive 1999/31/CE on the landfill of waste

Los

Reduction of the amount of biodegradable wastes going to landfill in relation to biodegradable waste produced in 1995

2006 reduced to 75% 2009 reduced to 50% 2016 reduced to 35%

Biodegradable wastes:

Food waste Vegetable waste Paper Other

Reduction of:

CH4

Leachate

Resources Loss

Land use

Options for the fulfilment:

- Biowaste Sep. Collect. + Recycling

MBT for residual waste

Incineration (?)



FW Directive (Directive 2008/98/CE on waste)

Towards a Recycling Society

Los

Member States shall take the necessary measures designed to achieve the following targets:

by 2020, the preparing for re-use and the recycling of waste materials such as at least paper, metal, plastic and glass from households and possibly from other origins … shall be increased to a minimum of overall 50 % by weight


In 2009, the overall separate collection was 37,6%


Food & Vegetable waste represents about 36% , while Glass + Paper + Light Packaging represents 37% (both on weight of MSW produced)

How to get an optimised approach for separate collection of Biowaste?

MANDATES for Biowaste Separate Collection?

TARGETS for Biowaste Separate Collection?

ECONOMIC PRESSURE?

A MIX OF ALL THEM?

High captures of biowaste

High quality of biowaste (low % impurities)

To avoid the increase of waste generation

Contention of the costs

Fulfil diversion targets of biodegradable waste of the Landfill Directive

Fulfil target min. of 50% overall recycling

What does mean

OPTIMISATION?


Directive 2008/98/CE on waste

Art. 22. Member States shall take measures to encourage:

(a) the sep. collect. of biowaste with a view to the composting & digestion

(b) the biowaste treatment in a way that fulfils a high level of environ. protection

(c) the use of environmentally safe materials produced from biowaste.

All Tools are NEEDED !!!

2. Actions in Catalonia.

Legislation + Planning

1st Stage (1991-2000)

Creation of Environment Department (Catalan Government)

Law 6/93 on waste

PGRMC 1995-2000. 1st Programme for MSW Management

2nd Stage (2001-2004)

PROGREMIC 2001-2006. 2nd Programme for MSW Management

Law 15/2003, which modifies Law 6/93 on waste

Law 16/2003 for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste deposition tax (landfilling)

3rd Stage (2005-2012)

Law 9/2008, which modifies Law 6/1993 on waste

Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilling & incineration)

PROGREMIC 2007-2012. 3rd Programme for MSW Management

Regional Plan of infrastructure for municipal waste management

MANDATES + TARGETS + ECONOMIC PRESSURE

INFRAESTRUCTURES PLANNING


Legislation + Planning

Programa de Gestió de Residus Municipals 1995-2000PROGREMIC 2000-2006PROGREMIC 2007-2012

SchemesRoad Container [Biowaste + Residual Waste] [Glass + Paper + Packaging]Collection Points (Deixalleries)Road ContainerDoor to Door (Porta a Porta)Collection Points (Deixalleries)Collection of Commercial Waste

TargetsSeparate Collection:10 % on weight (1996-1997)50 % on weight (1998-2000)Material Recovery:40 % on weight (2003)55 % on weight (2006)Reduction: 2% on weight Total Material Recovery:55 % on weightImpurities < 15 %

Investment46 composting plants (C)23.000 Milions Ptes (138 M€)14 working plants (C)15 new plants35.000 Milions Ptes (210 M€)20 working plants + 9 new plants [C or AD] + 30 MBT Plants707 M€


MANDATORY

1993. LAW ON WASTE

Mandatory for Separate Collection for all municipalities

Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste (only for municipalities > 5.000 inhabitants)

Some municipalities implement the separate collection of biowaste, whether they have more than 5.000 inhabitants as if they have less.

Composting plants were built gradually, but they need to treat more biowaste, so we had at the beginning problems of economic imbalance.

Los

2008. LAW 9/2008 ON WASTE

Specific Mandatory for Separate Collection of biowaste for ALL municipalities

Separate Collection of Biowaste must be implemented in agreement to a “Plan for the implementation of the separate collection of biowaste”


Economic pressure + incentives

Law 8/2008, for financing of waste treatment infrastructure and of waste disposal tax on refuse of wastes (landfilled & incineration)

Tax 10 € / Tonne (landfilled) [ 25 MEUR]

Tax 5 € / Tonne (incinerated) [ 3,5 MEUR]

If Biowaste separate collection was not implemented in accordance a implementation plan, the tax is increased in 10 €/Tonne

Guide for local authorities about Law 16/2003 on funding of the waste treatment infrastructures and of the tax on landfilling (annually reviewed), which includes the Tax refund criteria:

Biowaste Treatment [33,5 € / T]

Biowaste Collection [12,0 € / T] x f1 x f2

Qualitative factor (f1)

Population factor (f2)


Economic Subsidies

Subsidies to local authorities for promote Biowaste Separate Collection [45 M€ since 2004]

Technical project

Promotion & campaign

Containers, Buckets, Compostable bags

Collection vehicles

Home composting

Transfer points

Gràfic1

200481

2005117

2006123

2007115

2008168

200986

201061

Importes concedidos (€)

Proyectos autocompostaje subvencionados

Importe (€)

Solicitudes

5300000

9180000

8502700

6331400

8500000

5249709

3097042

subvencions_auto

AñoImporte concedido (€)Proyectos autocompostaje

200413627824

200548713537

200677540053

200769089450

2008111200670

200985546129

201015367817

4210852280

subvencions_auto

200424

200537

200653

200750

200870

200929

201017

&A

Page &P





136278

487135

775400

690894

1112006

855461

153678

subvencions gral

AñoImporte (€)Solicitudes

2004530000081

20059180000117

20068502700123

20076331400115

20088500000168

2009524970986

2010309704261

subvencions gral

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

&A

Page &P



Importe (€)

Solicitudes

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Evolution of the number of municipalities with biowaste separate collection. 1996-2009

More municipalities implement the Biowaste separate collection

More biowaste treatment plants are built

Biowaste treatment plants start to receive more biowaste

2. Actions in Catalonia. Effects

Effect of Tax on Landfilling +

Tax refund + Subsidies

Biowaste separate collection

Compulsory (Law 6/93)

come into force

End of the extension period for Biowaste separate collection (Law 6/93)

Gràfic1

1996

19977

1998

1999

20002

20019

200211

20031

200434

200568

200680

200762

200844

200990

> 5.000 hab

< 5.000 hab

Nº de municipis que inicien el servei de RS de la FORM

2

5

13

12

29

17

21

11

21

28

15

8

4

4

Taules

CENSSERVEI DE LA RS DE LA FORM

Municipis amb implantacióMunicipis sense implantació

>500121212

2000500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500500

transnational workshop on zero waste application · • evolution of generation and management of...

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