transmission media sharing when can you share? high medium capacity why share ? less transmission...
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MultiplexerTRANSCRIPT
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Transmission Media Sharing
• When can you share? – High Medium capacity
• Why share ?– Less transmission costs– More cost-effective transmissions
• How would you share?– Multiplexing
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Multiplexing vs. No Multiplexing
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Multiplexer
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Types of Multiplexing
• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)• Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
– Synchronous– Asynchronous (Statistical TDM)
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Frequency Division Multiplexing
• Analog signaling & transmission.• Total bandwidth = sum of input bandwidths
+ guard bands.• Modulates signals to different frequency• Uses
– Radio broadcasting and television
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FDM - Multiplexer
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FDM - Demultiplexer
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TDM - Synchronous
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TDM - Asynchronous
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Inverse Multiplexing
• Takes data stream from one high speed line & breaks it into portions that can be sent over multiple lower speed lines simultaneously.
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Multiplexing and Inverse Multiplexing
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Analog Services
• Analog switched– Dial- up, voice networks– PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network
• Analog Leased– Conditioned Lines
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Multiplexing Efficiency
• Multiplex signals from lower bandwidth into high bandwidth lines
• Many analog lines into fewer bigger channels
• FDM used• Hierarchical structure
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Analog Hierarchy
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Digital Service• Less sensitive to interference• 3 Types Digital Service
– Switched/56 Service– DDS - Digital Data Service– DS Digital Signal Service
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DS Hierarchy
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DS
• T Lines are Digital Lines for Digital Transmission to deliver DS Service.– T1 = DS-1 = 1.544Mbps– T2 = DS-2 = 6.312Mbps– T3 = DS-3 = 44.736Mbps– T4 = DS-4 = 274.176Mbps