TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR IN A BITCH

- A CASE STUDYM.THAMIZHANNALBVM 06126MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE

SIGNALMENT

• Case No: 122532• Owner's Name: Mr. Karthik• Address: Royapuram• Species: Canine• Breed: Boxer X• Age: 1.5yrs• Sex: Female• Colour: Brown and white

ANAMNESIS

• Animal was noticed of having a growth in the vagina for the past 5 days

• Blood spotting wherever dog sits and stands up

• Previously bred twice• Last mating one month ago

GENERAL INSPECTION• General appearance: Normal

• Behaviour: Active & Alert

• Feeding habit: taking the routine food given

• Urine and motion: Voided normally

• Abdominal palpation:

No abnormality detected

Vaginal examination

• “ CHERRY RED COLOURED

GROWTH ’’

DIGITAL EXAMINATION :

CAULIFLOWER LIKE GROWTH PALPATED

On 3.12.10(1st day)

IMPRESSION SMEAR

TUMOR CYTOLOGY

CONFIRMATORY DIAGNOSIS

TRANSMISSIBLE

VENEREAL

TUMOR

On 3.12.2010On 3.12.2010

•Inj. VINCRISTINE 0.025 mg/Kg intravenously - Once a week for 3 weeks

•Inj. VINCRISTINE 0.025 mg/Kg intravenously - Once a week for 3 weeks

After one week on 10.12.10

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

3.12.10Hb: 16.7g/dl PCV: 45.6%RBC:6.30Millions/CummWBC count: 11,600 /Cumm• DC: Neutrophils:72%• Lymphocytes:22%• Monocytes:3%• Eosinophil:3%• Basophil:

10.12.10Hb: 16.4g/dl PCV: 45.8%RBC:6.40millions/CummWBC count: 11,300 /Cumm• DC: Neutrophils:76%• Lymphocytes:20%• Monocytes:2%• Eosinophil:2%• Basophil:

After two weeks on 17.12.10

CASE DISCUSSION

TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR(TVT) Novinsky in 1876

Common neoplastic disease in dog typically transmitted by coitus

No heritable breed predisposition

Histiocytic origin. Recent study suggest an immature leucocytic origin

Immunogenic tumour

• Transmissible lymphosarcoma• Venereal granuloma• Canine condyloma• Venereal lymphosarcoma• Infectious sarcoma• Infectious lymphosarcoma• Sticker sarcoma

LETS..DISCUSS.…

• Common in free roaming dogs with poor control of reproduction

• Young, sexually mature animals

• TVT - abnormal number of chromosomes range from 57 to 64 with an average of 59 in contrast to the normal of 78

• Sub-tropical to tropical urban areas

• Females

TRANSMISSION

LICKING

SNIFFING

COITUS

REPRODUCTIVE SITES

NON REPRODUCTIVE SITES

CLINICAL SIGNS

• Solitary Mass on the vaginal wall with multiple nodules that are friable in nature

• Deformation of external genitalia• Cauliflower in shape, 4-7.5 cm in

diameter• Reddish in colour, pedunculated,

papillary• Abnormal oral odour

DIAGNOSIS

• History • Physical examination• Impression smear• Biopsy• Examination of tissue under

electron microscopy

STAINS THAT CAN BE USED

• Harris Haematoxylin and Eosin• Wright-Giemsa (WG)• May-Grunwald-Giemsa • Leishman-Giemsa• PAP stain• New methylene blue

TVT CELLS

Round nucleus, single nucleolus, and thin rim of basophilic, vacuolated cytoplasm

CELL CYTOLOGY DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

Canine_histiocytoma_ bean shaped & indentated nucleus

cytoplasmic granules – mast cell tumormultinucleated giant cell - histiosarcoma

With cytoplasmic vacuoles – TVT

Vaginal hyperplasia

METASTASIS….?

Uncommon (5-17%)

Local lymph nodes, skin, eyes, liver, musculature, subcutaneous tissue, spleen, oral mucosa, peritoneum and bone marrow

•POSSIBILITY OF SPONTANEOUS REGRESSION..?

CHEMOTHERAPY

VINCRISTINEDOXORUBICIN

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

VINCRISTINE

Dose-0.025mg/kg IV-once a week(3-4 doses)

Vinca rosea

Mechanism of action = mitosis block: bind to tubulin and induce microtubule depolymerization (Disassembly)

Strictly INTRAVENOUS

Necrotic skin lesion caused by perivascular leakage of vincristine sulfate. Seven days afterapplication.

Fifteen days afterapplication

Tissue sloughing

Effects of Vincristine on Spermatogenesis..?

Male dog fertility…? Testicular degeneration Increase in sperm mid piece

and tail abnormalities

RECENT STUDIES-NOT SUCH EFFECTS…!!!

Total sperm count decreased to low values (<200 x106)

DOXORUBICIN

DOXORUBICIN (Adriamycin)30mg/m 2 IV-for every

21 days.2 doses

Mechanisms of action:

1) intercalation between DNA base pairs

and inhibition of DNA topoisomerases I & II

2) Altering membrane fluidity and ion transport

Produced by fungus Streptomyces percetus var caesius.

METHOTREXATE & CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

DOSE - 2.5mg/m 2 PO or 0.3-0.8mg/m2 IV

DOSE -50 mg/m 2 PO or IV 4 days/week or 200 mg/m2 IV weekly

Post treatment Chemotherapeutic side effects

• Vincristine-Bone marrow suppression,leukopenia,vomiting, recumbency

• Doxorubicin,Methotrexate-

CARDIO TOXIC, RENAL FAILURE alopecia, gastroenteritis,stomatitis.

• Immediate hypersensitivity reaction, urticaria, facial swelling,

• Cyclophosphamide - myelosuppression

RADIATION THERAPY

COBALT – 60 at dose of 15Gy(10 to 18 Gy).Three fractions (Mon-Wed-Fri) 3 days treatment

Available facility….?

CRYOTHERAPHY

Localized freezing

LIQUID NITROGEN -180 0 C

LIQUID NITROUS OXIDE -800

3-5 Weeks

No pain

Intratumoral application of Calmette-Guérin's bacillus (BCG) was used for three weeks with sporadic success.

Biotherapy has unfortunately resulted in a high rate of recurrence

I

• Staphylococcus protein A, BCG or a vaccine made from tumoral cells.

• Recurrences described after using immunotherapy.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

• Recurrence rate :

• 20% to 60%.

HEALTH MANAGEMENT

REFERENCES

Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction by Feldman and Nelson, W.B Saunders,Third edition.924-927

Recent Advances in Small Animal Reproduction, Concannon P.W., England G., Verstegen III J.and Linde-Forsberg C. (Eds.). International Veterinary Information Service, (www.ivis.org)

MY SINCERE THANKS to….• Dr.RAJASUNDHARAM, Ph.D• Dr.S.A.SRIDEVI, Ph.D• Dr.CECILIA JOSEPH, Ph.D

Dept of ARGO