translations - city centre...these translations attempt to reproduce the greek and hebrew as exactly...
TRANSCRIPT
TranslationsOF THE BIBLE
FORMAL EQUIVALENT(also known as “Literal Translation”)
These translations attempt to reproduce theGreek and Hebrew as exactly as possible intoEnglish. The original languages will be translatedin a more word-for-word manner and preserve - asmuch is possible - original word order, grammar,and syntax.
Translation Style: Word for Word
ESV(English Standard Version)
Isaiah 41:10
Fear not, for I am with you; be not dismayed,
for I am your God; I will strengthen you, I
will help you, I will uphold you with my
righteous right hand.
Interlinear(Original Text)
Isaiah 41:10
Not | fear | for | with you | I am | be not |
dismayed | for | I am |your God | I will
strengthen you | yes | I will help you | yes | I will
uphold you | with the right hand | of my
righteousness
FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENT(also known as “Paraphrase”)
These are not true translations, but rewordings ofthe Scriptures that speak in a very earthy, commontongue. This approach is more concerned withputting the meaning of the passage in a colloquiallanguage familiar to the reader, as well as to renderthe ideas of the original text as accurately aspossible in the target language.
Translation Style: Thought for Thought
NLT(New Living Translation)
Isaiah 41:10
Don’t be afraid, for I am with you. Don’t be discouraged, for I am
your God. I will strengthen you and help you. I will hold
you up with my victorious right hand.
Interlinear(Original Text)
Isaiah 41:10
Not | fear | for | with you | I am | be not |
dismayed | for | I am |your God | I will
strengthen you | yes | I will help you | yes | I will
uphold you | with the right hand | of my
righteousness
(also known as “Mediating Translation”)
These Bibles are translated on a more thought-for-thought (meaning-for-meaning) philosophy than theFormal Equivalent translations, but do so in a muchmore sparing manner compared to Paraphrases.Greek and Hebrew figures of speech are replacedwith modern rough equivalents. The aim is to strike abalance between the two translation approaches.
DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT
Translation Style: Incorporates Both
NIV(New International Version)
Isaiah 41:10
So do not fear, for I am with you; do not
be dismayed, for I am your God. I will
strengthen you and help you; I will uphold you with my righteous
right hand.
Interlinear(Original Text)
Isaiah 41:10
Not | fear | for | with you | I am | be not |
dismayed | for | I am |your God | I will
strengthen you | yes | I will help you | yes | I will
uphold you | with the right hand | of my
righteousness
NLT(New LivingTranslation)
Romans 3:25
For God presented Jesus as the sacrifice for sin. People are made right
with God when they believe that Jesus sacrificed his life,
shedding his blood. This sacrifice shows that God was being fair when he held back and did not
punish those who sinned in times past,
NASB(New American Standard Bible)
NIV(New International
Version)
God presented Christ as a sacrifice of
atonement, through the shedding of his blood -to be received by faith.
He did this to demonstrate his
righteousness, because in his forbearance he
had left the sins committed beforehand
unpunished -
whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation
in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His
righteousness, because in the forbearance of
God He passed over the sins previously
committed;
NLT(New LivingTranslation)
1 Corinthian 3:1
Dear brothers and sisters, when I was with you I couldn’t talk to you
as I would to spiritual people. I had to talk as though you belonged to this world or as though you were infants in the
Christian life.
NASB(New American Standard Bible)
NIV(New International
Version)
Brothers and sisters, I could not address you as people who live by
the Spirit but as people who are still worldly-
mere infants in Christ.
And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual men, but as to
men of flesh, as to infants in Christ.
NLT(New LivingTranslation)
3 John 1:11
Dear friend, don't let this bad example influence
you. Follow only what is good. Remember that
those who do good prove that they are God's
children, and those who do evil prove that they do
not know God.
NASB(New American Standard Bible)
NIV(New International
Version)
Dear friend, do not imitate what is evil but what is
good. Anyone who does what is good is from God. Anyone who does what is
evil has not seen God.
Beloved, do not imitate what is evil,
but what is good. The one who does good is of God; the one who
does evil has not seen God.
Formal Equivalent Dynamic Equivalent Functional Equivalent
A Bible that typically showsthe Hebrew or Greek text ofthe Old or New Testament(respectively) with a literalEnglish translation (word-for-word) between the linesof the original-languagetext. It will often include aseparate column with acohesive English translationof the text.
INTERLINEAR TRANSLATIONS
A Bible that consists ofdifferent Bible translationsplaced side-by-side in onevolume. Each page containsa complete Scripture portionfrom each of the versions sothat the reader may easilycompare the differences andsimilarities between theversions.
PARALLEL BIBLES
These are translations done independently by asmaller religious sect. Usually they will"translate" Scripture by twisting it to fit theirtheologies, rather than conforming theirtheologies to the Scriptures. These groups oftenhave a person or organization which ispractically considered equal in authority withthe Bible.
Aberrational Translations
ToolsOF THE TRADE
Concordances
An alphabetical list of the words (especially the important ones)
present in the Scriptures, with citations of the
passages concerned (either partially or
exhaustively).
Example: Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance
Lexicons
Example: New Testament Greek Lexicon
Bible lexicons provide definitions and meanings (including expressions) of words found in the original New Testament Greek and
Old Testament Hebrew languages. Lexicons also help in understanding the
origins and root meaning of the ancient language.
Topical Concordances
Example: Naves Topical Bible Concordance
A topical concordance is a list of subjects that the Bible covers, with the immediate context of the coverage of
those subjects. Unlike a traditional concordance, the indexed word does not have
to appear in the verse.
Cross References
Example: The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
A tool for interpreting Scripture with Scripture. Each verse of the Bible is
cross-referenced to several others to enable the reader to gain a true sense of each
word and phrase as it is used in the Bible as a whole.
Commentaries
A systematic series of explanations or
interpretations of Scripture in a pericope-by-pericope or verse-by-
verse basis (split up either into sections of scripture or individual
scriptures).
Example: Barnes’ Notes On The Whole Bible
Bible Dictionaries
A reference work containing
encyclopedic entries related to
the Bible, typically concerning people,
places, customs, doctrine and
Biblical criticism.
Example: Easton’s Bible Dictionary
Bible Encyclopedias
Example: International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
A reference work containing encyclopedic
entries related to the Bible, typically concerning
people, places, customs, doctrine and Biblical
criticism. Encyclopedia entries are longer and
more detailed than those in most dictionaries.
Bible AtlasesAnd Charts
Example: Tyndale Handbook of Bible Charts and Maps
A book of Biblical geography and
history containing maps, plans, charts,
colored diagrams and illustrations.
TheologicalDictionaries
A reference work containing encyclopedic entries concerning the
theological treatment of various subjects and
doctrines.
Example: Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology
Bible Handbooks
Example: The New Unger's Bible Handbook
A book that contains a commentary on the entire
Bible with current information on biblical history, geography,
and archaeology. Typically has full-color illustrations,
photographs, maps, diagrams, and charts.
Bible StudyMETHODS
Hermeneutics[from the Greek ἑρμηνεύω (hermeneuō) -
'translate' or 'interpret‘]
Hermeneutics is the field of study concerned with the philosophy and science of interpretation - especially
the interpretation of communication. "Biblical hermeneutics" is specifically concerned with the
philosophy and science of interpreting the Biblical text. For example, a psalm should often be interpreted differently from a prophecy. A proverb should be
understood and applied differently from a law. This is the purpose of biblical hermeneutics - to help us to
know how to interpret, understand, and apply the Bible.
Exegesis[from the Greek ἐξηγέομαι (exégeomai)-
'to lead out‘]
Exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text. Exegesis includes a wide range of critical disciplines: textual criticism is
the investigation into the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical
and cultural backgrounds for the author, the text, and the original audience. Other analysis includes
classification of the type of literary genres present in the text, and an analysis of grammatical and syntactical
features in the text itself.
Inductive Bible Study
As opposed to Deductive Bible Study (starting with an idea and prove it or not),
Inductive Bible Study begins with observations and gathering evidence on
whatever topic and then draw conclusions based on the observations (ie: start with open observations and allow the text to
manifest the conclusion).
Inductive Bible Study Method
Step 1: OBSERVATION(Who/What/When/Where/Why)
Step 2: INTERPRETATION
Step 3: APPLICATION
“What is being said?”
“What does it mean?”
“What does it mean to me?”
Word Study Uncovering what a specific word means and
where it is used in various passages and books.
Passage StudyStudying the meaning of a particular verse or
passage (pericope).
Book Study Looking for the understanding of a book as a
whole (as well as its parts).
Topical Study Seeking to understand a certain topic citing all relevant scriptures from the Bible as a whole.
Biographical StudyFinding out everything a passage, book, and
entire Bible tells us about a person.
Historical Study Seeking to understand how a passage fits into the
history, the culture, customs and practices of the time.