translating research output into the grower's reality : tobacco training … · 2017-07-18 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
TRANSLATING RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO THE
GROWER'S REALITY : Tobacco Training And Extension For Smallholder Growers In Zimbabwe
Susan Dimbi & Goodson Khuddu TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD
KUTSAGA
2016
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OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Training and extension then - pre-2000
• Of change being inevitable : 2001-2010
• Back to Basics: The decade 2001-2010
• Training and Extension Now…
2016
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The Tobacco Research Board’s Mandate
“To direct, control and
carry out tobacco research
within Zimbabwe …
… offer advice & assistance
to any person growing
tobacco….”
Done since TRB inception in 1950
2016
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TRB’S TRAINING & EXTENSION MODEL
Scientists take out and discuss research results
directly with the growers
Now
Then
2016
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TRAINING & EXTENSION METHODS
• Researchers ensure
recommendations are
implemented as intended.
• Growers given the
opportunity to input directly
into TRB’s research program
2016
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TRAINNING & EXTENSION : PRE 2001
• Field days
• Field demonstration
trials
• TRB Circus Meetings
2016
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KUTSAGA FIELD DAYS
Andrew Brooker Dr Bill Ryding
Dr. Ken Flower Anne Jack
2016
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KUTSAGA FIELD DAYS
Andrew Brooker Dr Bill Ryding
Dr. Ken Flower Anne Jack
• Hosted on-station by Kutsaga or
• Hosted by a growers with good crops
• Tobacco growers invited for field discussions
2016
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FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS
at Warwick Farm at Wildene Farm
Anne Jack (TRB) & Phil Goldhawk (ZFC)
Mike Dawes & Dr. Ken Flower (TRB)
2016
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FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS
at Warwick Farm at Wildene Farm
Anne Jack (TRB) & Phil Goldhawk (ZFC)
Mike Dawes & Dr. Ken Flower (TRB)
• Field trials set up on farm
• Growers given access
throughout the season
• Periodically, discussions - growers and TRB researchers held at sites
2016
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TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD – CIRCUS MEETINGS
Circus : a travelling company of
acrobats/clowns…give performances ,
typically in a large tent in a series of
different places.
TRB Circus : a travelling group of researchers
…give tobacco talks, in country clubs at a series of venues.
2016
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TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD – CIRCUS MEETINGS
Circus : a travelling company of
acrobats/clowns…give performances ,
typically in a large tent in a series of
different places.
TRB Circus : a travelling group of researchers
…give tobacco talks, in country clubs at a series of venues.
Day 2
Day 3
Day 1
Les Cousins – Tobacco Reporter
1999
2016
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CIRCUS MEETINGS & FIELD DAY TOPICS
1. Latest developments in research eg.
• New fertilizers, Irrigation systems
• New varieties, Agrochemicals
• Disease management strategies
2. GAP & Timing of operations etc etc….
2016
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How successful were these
methods?
2016
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• Methods adequate and effective,
• Until 1996 - < 3 000 tobacco growers in
Zimbabwe - # rose to ~7 000 (1999)
• Predominantly large scale,
• Seasoned
• All could directly interact with a TRB researcher
through the available channels
No. Of flue-cured tobacco growers 1980-2000
2016
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No. Of flue-cured tobacco growers 1980-2000
0
3000
6000
9000
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
1994
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
1547 1257 1186
1426 1486 1493
2604 2338
2921
5101
8334
7194
No
. O
f re
gis
tere
d g
row
ers
Year
2016
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and then there was change.....
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No. Of Growers 1990-1995 vs 2005 - 2015
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1493 2604 2338
2525
31761 26412 29018
51685 60047
78756
86975
75538
No
. O
f re
gis
tere
d g
row
ers
1990 - 1995 2005 - 2015
Year 2001
Land
redistribution
12 fold
2016
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RESEARCHERS & GROWERS – THE NUMBERS
35
39 37
45 42
49
42
34
23
29
36
32
37
42 41
37
47 49
43 45 52
189
755 643
1397
1349
2129
1851
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Number of Researchers
Grower:Researcher ratio
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sea
rch
ers
Re
sea
rch
er
: G
row
er
ratio
2016
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TRB RELEVANCE – WAS THIS IT?
• End of the ‘business as
usual’ approach to
training & extension.
• Innovate - Develop
strategies to enable
more coverage with
reduced staff
• Maintain quality of training & the direct grower-
researcher interaction
2016
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• In 2007 - An additional new form of training and extension tool introduced (~26 000 growers at the time)
• Kutsaga Improved Productivity Sites - (KUTSAGA TIPS)
• More appropriate for the predominantly new & inexperienced growers
AN ADDITIONAL TRAINING TOOL ADOPTED…
2016
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TOBACCO IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY SITES
• Based on a ‘back to basics’ training approach
Designed to:
• Give season long training sessions to the ‘I’ve never grown tobacco before’ growers
• Enable good coverage
2016
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What are Kutsaga TIPS ?
• Group-based learning
hubs in all tobacco districts
Improved
Productivity Site
Key
2016
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What are Kutsaga TIPS ?
• Group-based learning
hubs in all tobacco districts
Improved
Productivity Site
Key
• Tobacco crop used as training aid
• Learners provided with the relevant & practical tobacco growing skills &
• Taught best tobacco production practices & GAP
Kutsaga TIP site
2016
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COURSE CONTENT
• Emphasis on both
agronomic & economic aspects of
profitable tobacco
production &
• Growers constantly
reminded…’Tobacco
growing is a business’
2016
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The Target Trainees at Sites
• The grower - at
selected site
• The area AGRITEX officer(s) (govt
extension officer)
• Neighboring
growers Training on tray filling and
seed sowing
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THE MODUS OPERANDI …
• 1st step : Devoted growers selected to host sites
• The grower provided with all inputs
Off-station training
2016
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• A field crop
established on
farm
• All trainees given
information
packages
GROWERS PROVIDED WITH INFORMATION
2016
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Information repackaged to suit clientele
Handbooks 1 ha – Production guide
Pest & Disease identification guide
Planning Diaries
2016
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THE COURSE CONTENT
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TRAINING : SEEDLING PRODUCTION
1. Float trays system
2. Timing of operations
3. Pest and disease control
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TRAINING : LAND PREPARATION & PLANTING
• Timing of operations
• Proper fertilizer placement
• Choice of herbicides & placement
• Pest & Disease prevention
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TRAINING : FIELD CROP MANAGEMENT
• Timely weeding
• Pest and disease control
• Timely topping
• Sucker control & timing
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‘ENERGY EFFICIENT’ BARN CONSTRUCTION
Rocket Barn
Kutsaga Counter
Current Barn 1
New
• Rocket & KCC1
recommended
• Advised on
choice of barns
• Provided with
barn plans – if
needed
2016
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FUEL WOOD PRODUCTION
Eucalypt seedlings a Kutsaga
• Growers provided
with seed(lings)
• Encouraged to
establish a
woodlot
2016
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TRAINING : REAPING AND CURING
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TRAINING : GRADING AND BALE PRESENTATION
• Done both on-farm & at the tobacco auction/ contract floors.
• Emphasis on proper grading and bale presentation
• Discussion on pricing & leaf styles
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CERTIFICATION & PRIZES
• Done for successful
candidates
• Successful host farmers &
AGRITEX awarded
certificates
• Ceremony – an annual
event at kutsaga
• ~ 800 stakeholders in the
tobacco industry attend
Trained grower receiving a
certificate from the Minister of
Agriculture
2016
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TIPS GRADUATION CEREMONY – JULY 2016
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There is recognition for hard work………
4th place grower presented with a
tobacco bailing box.
2016
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BEST TIPS GROWER 2015/16
1st Prize : walks off with an
off-road motorbike
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the achievements...
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TIPS – NO. OF GROWERS INTERACTED WITH
150 167 210 625 715 1008
2970
11880
14327
17 538
10 10 15
22
35
66 71
73 73
104
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
2000020
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
# of growers that attended
TIPS training sessions
No. Of Sites
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TIPS – NO. OF GROWERS INTERACTED WITH
150 167 210 625 715 1008
2970
11880
14327
17 538
10 10 15
22
35
66 71
73 73
104
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
2000020
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
# of growers that attended
TIPS training sessions
No. Of Sites
•500 Sites
•1250 AGRITEX graduates
•500 grower graduates
•49 000 growers reached out to at sites
2016
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Improved Smallholder Tobacco Productivity ?
• Yields as high as 3.3 t/ha
at some of the sites (Nat
Ave. 1.7 t/ha)
• Leaf from some plots
sold for as high as
$5.45/kg
Grower of the Year –
2014/15
2016
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ANY POSITIVE CHANGES IN
HABITS?
• Survey done
• Questionnaire used
• Sample size – 70 growers
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HABITS BEFORE & AFTER TIPS TRAINING
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Use
herbicides
Early land
prep
Early plant
(Oct-Mid
Nov)
Test soils Float Sys Grade
Seedlings
Own
seedbed
Wood fuel
BEFORE TIPS TRAINING
AFTER TIPS TRAINING
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Kutsaga TIPS complementary to
other activities.....
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CALENDAR-BASED TRAINING SESSIONS
• Growers have a standing
invitation to come for
training at Kutsaga.
• Growers can group and
invite TRB for training
• Sessions on current
tobacco production
activity
• ~ 3 000 growers/annually
Training on float seedling
production
2016
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CALENDAR-BASED TRAINING SESSIONS
• Growers have a standing
invitation to come for
training at Kutsaga.
• Growers can group and
invite TRB for training
• Sessions on current
tobacco production
activity
• ~ 3 000 growers/annually
Training on effective land
preparation at Kutsaga
2016
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KUTSAGA FIELD DAYS
• Also in collaboration with contractors, AGRITEX etc
• Successful growers exhibit their excellent work.
• eg 30 field days held in a season Field day
• Held frequently around the country
• some 6 000 growers interacted with
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Partnerships with other stakeholders........
Government
Agricultural
Extension Agents
(AGRITEX)
Tobacco
Contractors
Agrochemical
Companies
Tobacco
auction floors
Tobacco Industry
& Marketing
Board
TRB
TRB
2016
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Partnerships with other stakeholders........
Government
Agricultural
Extension Agents
(AGRITEX)
Tobacco
Contractors
Agrochemical
Companies
Tobacco
auction floors
Tobacco Industry
& Marketing
Board
TRB
TRB
Agronomists from a tobacco
Contracting Company being trained
Training of trainers.....
2016
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Grower/TRB Discussion Forums
• Held at Kutsaga or at a grower’s field
• Various topics of interest to the growers discussed
Field discussion at Kutsaga
On alternatives to fumigant
nematicides in the
seedbeds
2016
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Field Demonstration Trials
• On-farm variety trials in all
tobacco districts
• Crop managed by the
grower & farm accessible
to other growers in the area
• Enables growers to select
the best varieties for their
area
Field demo trial - Trelawney
2016
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AGRICULTURAL SHOWS
Zimbabwe Agricultural Show 2016
2016
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USE OF TECHNOLOGY
Mobile Apps – with advisory • Call Researchers For Advise & • Regularly Receive Tips In partnership with a mobile phone company
2016
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THE WATERING HOLES : AUCTION & CONTRACT FLOORS
Justify & Tich – speaking on varieties and herbicide use
2016
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CONCLUSION
• The Zim tobacco industry has
experienced change over time...
• ..TRB’s T&E methods that have stood
the test of time plus a dash of
innovation......
• Have enabled TRB remain relevant & the Zim grower to continue to get
value from research …
Then…
Now…
2016
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Thank You!
2016
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