translating medical manuscript- netra prakashika,
TRANSCRIPT
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TRANSLATION OF AN AYUREDIC MANUSCRIPT –
A CASE STUDY OF NETRA PRAKASHIKA
Dr. Nadibailu Udaya Shankar, MD (Ayu), Prof, KVG Ayurvedic Medical College, SULLIA
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medical manuscripts
The lost treasure of medical The lost treasure of 1
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Medical research in ancient India
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Dhanwantari - Chikitsa Tatwa Vignana, Divodasa - Chikitsa Darpana, Kashiraja- Chikitsa Kaumudi, Ashwini Twins - Chikitsa Sara Tantra, Nakula- Vaidyaka Sarvaswa, Sahadeva- Vyadhi Sindhu Vimardana
Yama Raja- Jnanarnavam Maha Tantra, Chyavana Rishi- Jivadana, Janaka Yogi- Vaidya Sandeha Bhanjana Chandra suta – Budha - Sarva saara
Jabala - Tantra saraka; Jajali Muni- Vedanga sara tantra
Paila - Roga Nidana, Karabha- Sarva dhara tantra, Agasthya Muni- Vaidya nirnaya tantra
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Manuscript Resource Centers 57 manuscript resource centers in India and 22 institutions outside
India with huge manuscript collections In south India, 15 such centers AP – Hyderabad, Tirupati TN- Tanjor, Chennai, Kanchi, Tirur Kerala – Thiruvananthapura, Thripunathira Karnataka- Mysore, Hampi, Shravana Belagola, Shivamogga
Bangalore Database of more than 2 lakh manuscripts available in Karnataka Less than 2% medical manuscripts preserved
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Oriental Research Institute Mysore Established in 1891 by Chamaraja Wodeyar, with the
objectives of collecting, preserving, deciphering and critically editing palm leaf and paper manuscripts.
Housed in the architecturally attractive Jubilee Hall built in 1887, it was a part of the Department of Education until 1916, and then became part of the newly established University of Mysore.
It has covered 69,064 manuscripts
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Kannada University at Hampi The Manuscriptology Department
has 4,000 very rare manuscripts. It has documented 50,718 manuscripts most
of which are written in Sanskrit or Kannada scripts covering a wide range of subjects like Religion, Astrology, Philosophy, Vastu Shastra , songs, folklore etc.
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National Institute of Prakrit Studies and Research, Shravanabelagola It has a rich library of 20,000 volumes. Documented 50,708 manuscripts
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Keladi Museum and Historical Research Bureau, Shimoga The Museum has a library
about 1,000 paper and palm leaf manuscripts and copper plate inscriptions belonging to the Vijayanagara and Keladi eras. So far it has documented 14,808 manuscripts.
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Mahabharata Samshodhana Pratishthanam, Bangalore Started in 1997, by a group of techies
working in various MNCs, involved in research and development of new tools and technologies and in distributing them as freeware.
It has documented so far 59,886 data of manuscripts
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2 About this manuscript
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Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji's Saraswati Mahal Library, ThrLibrary contains very rare and valuable collection of manuscripts, books, maps and painting on all aspects of arts, culture and literature. The Library has collection of 59,000 manuscripts including illustrated manuscripts, which reflect the history and culture of South India. A total number of 24,432 titles are catalogued and prepared 35,914 electronic data of manuscripts
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Netra Prakashika Only 3 Sanskrit MSS available- Tajavur
Saraswati Mahal Library Exclusive MSS on diagnosis and treatment of
eye diseases Presented as a dialogue between HAYAGRIVA
and NANDI Complete 12 chapters and missing 2 chapters
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Pujya Pada - the authorPujyapada, A Jain Muni, (Devanandi) belongs To Sixth And Seventh Century Wrote A Treatise In Sanskrit On Medicine -Continued To Be An Authority for centuries in Karnataka Remained Immortal In Kanakagiri, A Jain Pilgrimage Centre In Karnataka (Near Mysore).
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A long 28 years with this mss 1988 – first look into the mss 1989 – first book review Arya vaidyan, a research journal of AVS Kottakkal 1990 – series of write ups on Netra prakashika 2000 – first print edition by CCRAS, New Delhi, without editing and
translation 2001- 2008 – presentations in research conferences on Netra prakashika 2009 – 2010 – English translation prepared 2011 – approached Chaukhamba Vishwabharati for purblising 2012- editing with illustration and DTP 2013 – book printed and published
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Specialties of this book3 Specialties of
Netra Prakashika
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Videha has described 76, Karala 80, Vagbhata 94 and Satyaki 96 eye diseases
Netra Prakashika has accounted highest number – 100 ailments in the eye.
Each disease is described with causes, clinical features and management
One hundred eye diseases
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Eye diseases are classified based on the site of affection and the etiological factors as follows:Eyelids And Eyelashes 24 ,Shukla Sandhi 09
Shweta Mandala 13, Krishnamandala 05 Diseases Produced As A Complication 22
Extending To Entire Eyeball 20Diseases Disturbing Vision 07
Classification
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Diagnosis Of Vataja Dristi, Pittaja Dristi, Kaphaja Dristi
Clinical Judgment On Shuddha Dristi And Ashuddha Dristi ( Normal And Abnormal Eye).
Diagnostic method of doshas in eye
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The eye complications due to improper treatment of other diseases are given due importance.
A separate chapter for the diagnosis and management of them– nana kritrima sanjata netra roga
IOTROGENIC -Doctor induced eye diseases
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A comprehensive account of ten types of pilla roga(chronic and relapsing diseases of the eyelids)
and thirteen types of patala roga (diseases of conjunctiva).
Chronic eye diseases
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Eye diseases are classified based on the presenting symptoms like disturbance to the appearance of conjunctiva ( drik shukla rupa), corneal opacities (pushpa) etc.,
Special classification
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A great stress is laid upon the bad deeds as a precipitating causes of incurable eye diseases.
Karma shanty –A novel therapeutic regimen with charity,
prayers and worship of God are specified to restore health.
Karmaja netra roga
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The different stages of the eye diseases with a risk of blindness is depicted in great detail.
Starting from Slight Pain, Redness, Pus Discharge,dryness, Softening Of The Lens, Staphyloma, Foulsmell, Phthisis And Blindness.
Immediate attention at the earliest stage is advocated
Ten stages leading to blindness
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Eye diseases are clinically classified as• Roga Bala Kala (Acute Stage), • Roga Kaumara Kala (Sub Acute Stage) • Roga Vardhakya Kala(chronic). Disease with a long duration history ( chronic) is
considered as of guarded prognosis
Importance of Quick Action
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EYE DISEASES as complications of• Metabolic diseases, • Malignant Tumors, • Liver Diseases • Nutritional deficiencies
Complications of systemic diseasesEye
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There are details of several ocular tumours and diseases that reduce the visual perception
Ocular tumors and diseases of vision
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Four separate chapters on herbo mineral formulations to treat eye diseases. Both local and systemic routes of drug administration.
A list of more than 30 eye drops and 20 specialized oils are described
Therapeutic excellence-1
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In addition to herbs, many minerals and animal products were used to prepare medicines. Mercury was extensively used in local eye drops
Therapeutic excellence-2
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Nutritional support to the eye: with carrot and other green leaves, yoga and pranayama are explained separately in netra traniya adhyaya.
Prevention of eye diseases
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4 Challenges and opportunities
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Many sentences were incomplete, some had spelling mistakes and grammatical errors.
Some of the formulations had secret codes of proportion of ingredients
Extracting a scientific meaning found to be difficult in some verses
Meanings were ambiguous in some placesSome words were not understandable at the given context
Translation
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Chapters were incomplete, without proper numbering of verses.
Chapters without a titleDisease numbers were not matching in the
beginning and at the endNames of the same condition were dissimilar in
different sections
Editing - 1
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Comparing the clinical description with modern ophthalmology was difficult.
Tried to provide illustrations and color photographs to every condition mentioned in the work
Tried to supplement annexure on diseases and the treatment options
Tried to list the minerals and animal products mentioned in different formulations
Illustration
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The Central council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) controls ayurveda education in India.
It was convinced about the importance of this book and may include this as one of the reference books for the study of eye diseases in ayurveda
Acceptance from authorities
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Clinical studies on Diagnosis of eye diseases based on NP
Preparation of medicines based on the formula mentioned in NP
Clinical Research on the effect of these drugs in specific eye diseases, at least as a part of post graduate and Ph D thesis
Scientific studies on the pharmaco dynamics and pharmaco kinetics of the compounds quoted in NP
Follow up work under progress
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There are hundreds of books like netraprakashika, waiting for your attention. Be kind to them
5 Take home message
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Take home message
Any little effort today in literary or clinical field will be a great contribution for tomorrow
Be blessed by the sages andbe blessed by generations to comeby your active participation in medical anthropology
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Dr. Udaya Shankar - 9449627464
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