transit scheduling/routing data applications
DESCRIPTION
Ken Zatarain / Bryan Rose, TriMetTRANSCRIPT
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Using Data to
Design and Manage TriMet’s Route Network
Portland State University Center for Transportation
Studies Transportation Seminar Series
November 2, 2012
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Stop Records
Date
Line, Direction
Bus/Trip
Operator
Stop
Latitude/Longitude
Arrive/Leave Time
Dwell Time
Scheduled Leave Time
Passenger Ons/Offs
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A HEAP of data….
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…needs to be structured for MANAGEMENT decisions
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When is a bus or train too crowded?
How do schedules account for variable traffic?
When and where should buses run more often?
How can street designs work better for transit?
Some Questions…
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Service Standards
Systematic, comprehensive, predictable method to design, evaluate and adjust service
Balance ridership, cost, community needs to improve usefulness of our service to the public
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Service Standards
Network Design Route structure and layout Policy headways Span of service Stop spacing
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Service Standards
Network Design Route structure and layout Policy headways & span of service Stop spacing
Service Priorities Passenger capacity Service reliability Frequency and span of service
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Providing the Right Passenger Capacity
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Ridership Peaks
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12a 1 2
Spring 2012 Average Bus Boardings by Hour of the DayWeekday, Saturday and Sunday
Wkd Sat Sun
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More Peak Buses for Higher Loads
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12p 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12a 1 2
Fall 2012 Vehicles in Service by Hour of the DayWeekday, Saturday and Sunday
Wkd Sat Sun
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Efficient Addition of Service
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Schedule Efficiency
Leaves Powell
Garage at 7:11 am
Leaves Center
Garage at 5:24 am
8 min.First Stop at Holgate
and 134th at 7:19 am20 min.
First Stop at Holgate
and 134th at 5:44 am
64 min. 14 hrs 56 min.
Last Stop Downtown
Portland at 8:23 am
Last Stop Downtown
Portland at 8:40 pm
19 min.Returns to Powell
Garage at 8:42 am25 min.
Returns to Center
Garage at 9:05 pm
STATS STATS
InService Time 64 min. Report Time 15 min. InService Time 12h41m Report Time 15 min.
Pull Time 27 min. Pay Time 106 min Pull Time 0h45m Pay Time 15h56m
Layover/Recovery 0 min. Minimum Pay Time 120 min. Layover/Recovery 2h15m Minimum Pay Time 16h0m
Total Vehicle Hours 91 min In Service/Pay Time 53% Total Vehicle Hours 15h41m In Service/Pay Time 79%
Anatomy of a Tripper Anatomy of a Day Train
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Passenger Loading Standards
STANDARD 40 FOOT BUS Design Capacity = 64 Passengers Achievable Capacity = 51 Passengers (80% of Design Capacity) Seated Capacity = 39 Passengers STANDARD 2 CAR RAIL TRAIN Design Capacity = 322 Passengers Achievable Capacity = 266 Passengers (80% of Design Capacity) Seated Capacity = 132 Passengers
Benchmarks Prompting Consideration of Action
Current Signup Upcoming Signup
Bus 40% of trips >51 and/or 10%
> 64
>39 average (seated load)
Rail 40% of trips > 266 and/or
10% > 332
>213 average (80% of 266)
Peak (7-9a, 4-6p) Off-Peak
80% of trips > 266
and/or 20% > 332
>266 average
Current Signup Upcoming Signup
80% of trips >51
and/or 20% > 64
>51 average
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Loading Standards Applied Bus Load Analysis, Fall 2012 Signup (Through 10-08)
Top 25 Avg Loads - with loads of 51 or above highlighted
51 5 80% 20.0%
Rank Rte Dir Train Day Trip Start End Orig Dest Avg Load obs obs >51 obs >64 % >51 % >64 x
1 99 0 9906 W 1070 4:59 p 6:04 p Burnside Bridge Clackamas Community College 55 7 4 1 57% 14%
2 44 0 4405 W 1240 3:01 p 3:43 p North Terminal Westside PCC-\Sylvania 53 16 12 1 75% 6% x
3 35 0 3501 W 1090 7:11 a 7:51 a University of Portland SW 4th & Harrison 53 18 14 4 78% 22%
4 72 0 7249 W 1130 7:09 a 8:30 a Clac TC Max Station Anchor & Channel 52 10 7 0 70% 0% x
5 72 1 7239 W 1680 3:01 p 4:29 p Anchor & Channel Clac TC Max Station 52 16 8 3 50% 19% x
6 72 1 7258 W 1700 3:12 p 4:42 p Anchor & Channel Clac TC Max Station 52 14 9 0 64% 0% x
7 44 1 4406 W 1070 7:45 a 9:02 a PCC-\Sylvania Lombard & Pier Park 50 20 10 1 50% 5% x
8 12 0 1268 S 1360 6:08 p 7:15 p Parkrose TC 12 Bay Tigard\Transit Center 50 5 1 0 20% 0%
9 9 1 941 W 1230 8:28 a 9:40 a Gresham TC 9 Bay North Terminal Westside 50 14 4 1 29% 7%
10 61 0 6170 W 1030 4:30 p 5:11 p Veterans Rd & Bldg 16 Layover Beaverton TC 61 Bay 49 7 3 0 43% 0%
11 9 0 943 W 1390 3:00 p 3:50 p North Terminal Westside Powell Garage 49 20 8 0 40% 0%
12 71 1 7143 W 1090 7:30 a 9:02 a Clac TC Max Station Layover Foster at 94th 48 15 7 1 47% 7%
13 15 1 1535 W 1500 4:27 p 5:50 p Yeon & NW 44th Gateway Layover 48 22 8 1 36% 5%
14 15 1 1539 W 1560 5:09 p 6:30 p Yeon & NW 44th Gateway Layover 48 19 7 1 37% 5%
15 10 0 1004 W 1240 3:13 p 4:07 p Madison & 4th Layover Foster at 94th 48 13 4 0 31% 0%
16 9 1 901 W 1150 7:29 a 8:18 a Powell Garage North Terminal Westside 48 23 14 1 61% 4%
17 4 1 445 W 1560 2:30 p 4:39 p Gresham TC 4 Bay Richmond & Syracuse 48 13 5 0 38% 0%
18 99 0 9904 W 1040 4:01 p 5:05 p Burnside Bridge Clackamas Community College 47 19 6 0 32% 0%
19 75 1 7511 W 1400 3:20 p 5:05 p Lombard & Pier Park Milwaukie TC 21st/Jackson S 47 18 5 0 28% 0%
20 72 0 7234 W 1140 7:17 a 8:35 a Clac TC Max Station Anchor & Channel 47 12 6 0 50% 0%
21 72 1 7248 U 1310 1:27 p 2:46 p Anchor & Channel Clac TC Max Station 47 6 1 0 17% 0%
22 71 0 7138 W 1080 6:44 a 8:16 a Layover Foster at 94th Clac TC Max Station 47 14 6 0 43% 0%
23 35 0 3504 W 1320 4:26 p 6:00 p University of Portland Oregon City Transit Center 47 22 7 0 32% 0%
24 33 0 3308 W 1490 4:59 p 6:16 p on 5th NS Hoyt Clackamas Community College 47 24 9 0 38% 0%
BENCHMARKS
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Writing Reliable Schedules
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On Time Performance
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
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4:48a 7:12a 9:36a 12:00p 2:24p 4:48p 7:12p 9:36p 12:00a
Min
ute
s Ea
rly
or
Late
On Time Performance Observations, Line 8 @ 5th and BroadwaySeptember 2 to November 3, 2012
SCHEDTIME
LATE
EARLY
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On Time Performance
80% 5 minutes late
1 minute early
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Run Time Varies through the Day
(new slide)
35
36
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51
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4:49
AM
5:08
AM
5:28
AM
5:48
AM
6:05
AM
6:23
AM
6:36
AM
6:49
AM
7:04
AM
7:18
AM
7:29
AM
7:39
AM
7:54
AM
8:06
AM
8:19
AM
8:36
AM
8:58
AM
9:18
AM
9:38
AM
9:58
AM
10:1
8 A
M
10:3
8 A
M
10:5
8 A
M
11:1
8 A
M
11:3
7 A
M
11:5
6 A
M
12:1
6 PM
12:3
6 PM
12:5
6 PM
1:15
PM
1:35
PM
1:55
PM
2:15
PM
2:30
PM
2:45
PM
3:00
PM
3:22
PM
3:43
PM
4:06
PM
4:29
PM
4:43
PM
4:57
PM
5:11
PM
5:30
PM
5:51
PM
6:12
PM
6:36
PM
6:56
PM
7:18
PM
7:38
PM
7:58
PM
8:18
PM
8:39
PM
9:00
PM
9:20
PM
9:50
PM
10:2
0 PM
10:5
0 PM
11:2
2 PM
11:5
2 PM
Scheduled Line 6-MLKRuntime from Jantzen Beach to 18th/Jefferson
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Run Time Varies Day to Day
Line 4 St. Johns to Gresham Run Times (PM Peak)
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What Run Times Should We
Use in the Schedule?
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What Run Times Should We
Use in the Schedule?
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Ranking Lines by Run Time Needs WEEKLY RUNTIME ANALYSIS (See Key at Bottom of Chart)
Line # 11TU 10TU 09TU 11TU 10TU 09TU 11TU 10TU 09TU
1 2 4 4 2.9% 5.8% 4.5% 4.2% 20.8% 19.2%
4 21 27 16 1.4% 1.8% 1.0% 17.4% 24.0% 7.9%
6 12 11 3 2.5% 2.3% 0.4% 10.6% 13.0% 1.4%
8 9 11 4 1.3% 1.7% 0.5% 3.9% 5.2% 1.1%
9 16 25 10 1.7% 2.7% 1.0% 16.6% 24.5% 5.7%
10 7 8 7 2.2% 2.5% 2.0% 5.5% 13.7% 7.4%
12 18 24 10 1.6% 2.1% 0.8% 16.3% 25.7% 9.6%
14 12 8 7 2.5% 1.7% 1.2% 4.9% 4.3% 1.9%
15 15 15 12 2.1% 2.0% 1.4% 12.3% 13.6% 4.4%
16 12 0 0 13.0% 0.2% 0.3% 63.6% 0.0% 0.0%
17 14 15 7 1.7% 1.9% 0.8% 14.2% 17.5% 6.6%
18 0 0 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
19 19 13 14 2.5% 1.7% 1.6% 20.2% 16.9% 14.7%
20 9 19 7 0.9% 1.9% 0.6% 6.7% 23.5% 7.3%
Weekly Hrs Needed to Bring All
Trips to 60th Percentile
Weekly Hrs Needed to Achieve
60th Percentile as % of Total Hrs
% of Trips That Need 3 Minutes of
Runtime to Achieve 60th Percentile
95th Percentile 16 95th Percentile 7.0% 95th Percentile 28.3%
80th Percentile 8 80th Percentile 3.9% 80th Percentile 13.7%
65th Percentile 4 65th Percentile 2.6% 65th Percentile 7.7%
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More traffic (auto, bike, pedestrian) Traffic calming
Bus Travel Time Impacts
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More traffic (auto, bike, pedestrian) Traffic calming + More ridership More diverse ridership Less frequency
Bus Travel Time Impacts
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More traffic (auto, bike, pedestrian) Traffic calming + More ridership More diverse ridership Less frequency =
Slower, more variable travel times
and higher costs
Bus Travel Time Impacts
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Run Time Comparison
Downtown Portland to Gresham
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Reliability Improvements
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What Customers Want
Frequency
Reliability
Smooth ride
Shelter
Crowding
Seat available
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Customer Requests 2010-11
Frequency
Passenger crowding
Reliability
Route change
Unserved areas
Customers ask most for more frequent service
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Ridership Effectiveness Metric
Boarding rides per vehicle hour
Line
Day of week
Time period
Route segment
Vehicle hours = pull + revenue + layover hours
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Ridership Effectiveness by Line
ZEF spreadsheet example
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Ridership Effectiveness by Line
ZEF spreadsheet example
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Higher Load ≠ Higher Effectiveness
EffectivenessSimpler
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Estimating Ridership RIDERSHIP ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS OPTIONS TO SERVE BARROWS LOOP
Feeder Coefficents MODEL CALIBRATION
Pop 0.010 - To keep the model balanced
Emp 0.004 - An adjustment of any coeficient in one direction requires
Ret 0.008 the adjustment of another in the opposite direction
- If the Difference (cell D7) is > 0 then the models
Difference 31 estimates are high, < 0 then estimates are low.
R-Squared 0.967746062 - The R Squared figure should be kept close to 1
# Pop Emp Retail Trips Estimate
Similar Routes w/o ret. emp. w/o trips Elasticity Estimate Actual
25 Glisan-Rockwood 21576 2208 6507 26 273 1.00 197 147
27 Market 20,020 3,920 8,355 24 280 1.00 186 139
29 Lake-Webster 13590 9265 12311 39 269 1.00 292 370
29 Lake 13,590 9,265 12,311 39 269 1.00 292 346
36 South Shore 28084 11323 13865 28 433 1.00 336 350
37 North Shore 8,891 8,667 10,512 23 206 1.00 132 118
46 North Hillsboro 10,568 8,531 2,876 40 161 1.00 179 168
47 Baseline / Evergreen 21,994 9,014 10,977 65 340 1.00 614 587
48 Cornell 17,600 11,001 9,842 63 296 1.00 518 502
59 Walker / Park Way 11,889 4,064 5,095 60 174 1.00 290 293
60 Leahy Road 3,964 726 8,591 31 111 1.00 95 42
154 Willamette 9506 2847 2912 28 128 1.00 100 140
# Pop Emp Retail Trips Estimate
Barrows Loop Estimates w/o ret. emp. w/o trips Elasticity Estimate Actual
Barrows Loop Estimates
62-Scholls-Horizon-Barrows 8400 130 900 70 90 1.00 176
62-Scholls-Horizon-Murray 5600 120 700 70 61 1.00 119
62-Scholls-Horizon-135th 9200 130 950 70 99 1.00 192
62-Barrows Loop 11900 220 1000 70 126 1.00 245
62-Barrows-Murray Loop 9300 167 800 70 99 1.00 192
56-Extension 7500 100 750 70 80 1.00 156
These Rows Need to Be Filled In Copy these rows down
These Rows Need to Be Filled In Copy these rows down
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Span of Service
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Improving Span of Service
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Improving Span of Service
Earlier Trip
Later Trip
Later Trip
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Ridership by Segment
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Street Design for Transit
Analysis Slow or inconsistent travel times Delay hot spots Passenger boardings
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Street Design for Transit
Analysis Slow or inconsistent travel times Delay hotspots Passenger boardings
Service Design Stop spacing Shelter location and size Passenger amenities Transit priority treatments
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Street Design for Transit
Enhancements Stop consolidation Queue bypass lanes Leading green Signal priority Bus bulbs
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How Big Should Each Mall Shelter Be?
0
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60
0
10
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60 4:3
0 p
4:3
1 p
4:3
2 p
4:3
3 p
4:3
4 p
4:3
5 p
4:3
6 p
4:3
7 p
4:3
8 p
4:3
9 p
4:4
1 p
4:4
2 p
4:4
3 p
4:4
4 p
4:4
5 p
4:4
6 p
4:4
7 p
4:4
8 p
4:4
9 p
4:5
0 p
4:5
1 p
4:5
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4:5
3 p
4:5
4 p
4:5
5 p
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6 p
4:5
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4:5
9 p
5:0
0 p
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2 p
5:0
3 p
5:0
4 p
5:0
5 p
5:0
6 p
5:0
7 p
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8 p
5:0
9 p
5:1
0 p
5:1
1 p
5:1
2 p
5:1
3 p
5:1
4 p
5:1
5 p
5:1
6 p
5:1
7 p
5:1
8 p
5:1
9 p
5:2
0 p
5:2
1 p
5:2
2 p
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3 p
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4 p
5:2
5 p
5:2
6 p
5:2
7 p
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5:2
9 p
Sum 4 9 14 17
5th and Yamhill
Fall '04 Passenger Accumulation
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
4:3
0 p
4:3
1 p
4:3
2 p
4:3
3 p
4:3
4 p
4:3
5 p
4:3
6 p
4:3
7 p
4:3
8 p
4:3
9 p
4:4
1 p
4:4
2 p
4:4
3 p
4:4
4 p
4:4
5 p
4:4
6 p
4:4
7 p
4:4
8 p
4:4
9 p
4:5
0 p
4:5
1 p
4:5
2 p
4:5
3 p
4:5
4 p
4:5
5 p
4:5
6 p
4:5
7 p
4:5
8 p
4:5
9 p
5:0
0 p
5:0
1 p
5:0
2 p
5:0
3 p
5:0
4 p
5:0
5 p
5:0
6 p
5:0
7 p
5:0
8 p
5:0
9 p
5:1
0 p
5:1
1 p
5:1
2 p
5:1
3 p
5:1
4 p
5:1
5 p
5:1
6 p
5:1
7 p
5:1
8 p
5:1
9 p
5:2
0 p
5:2
1 p
5:2
2 p
5:2
3 p
5:2
4 p
5:2
5 p
5:2
6 p
5:2
7 p
5:2
8 p
5:2
9 p
Sum 4 9 14 17
5th and Yamhill
Fall '04 Passenger Accumulation
How Big Should Each Mall Shelter Be?