transient wind events and their effect on drivetrain loads
TRANSCRIPT
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Transient Winds and Their Effect on Drivetrain Loads
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Before We Start q This webinar will be available at
www.windpowerengineering.com & via email
q Q&A at the end of the presenta:on
q Hashtag for this webinar: #WindWebinar
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Moderator Presenter
Nic Abraham Windpower Engineering
& Development
Doug Herr AeroTorque
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• Increasing awareness of how transient aerodynamic events affect wind turbine drivetrains.
• Introducing new research data on how to control these impacts. • Growing the understanding of the speed of these events and
how current systems cannot stop them from occurring. • Understanding how an asymmetric approach to torque control
can enhance the system.
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• What are the types of wind events that can damage drivetrains? • What is the current research saying about the roles of sheer
winds and turbulence? • What are the effects to the drivetrain when the turbine is
subjected to significant wind or other operaAng events?
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• AeroTorque was spun out of PT Tech Inc. in March of 2013. • PT Tech has spent the last 36 years working to reduce transient
torque loads in many different types of equipment. • Both companies are under EBO Group, an 100% employee
owned company.
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Our mission is to extend the usable life of the drivetrain by proacAvely working with owners and strategic partners and to build a stronger, more sustainable financial model for the wind industry fleets.
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• Extreme operaAng gust (EOG) • Extreme direcAon change (EDC) • Extreme coherent gust (ECG) • Extreme coherent gust with direcAon change (ECD) • Extreme wind shear (EWS)
per IEC 61400-‐1
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Shear winds have the following characterisAcs: • Are usually caused by nearby topography, o\en cliffs or
ridges • Cause the wind to flow verAcally up the face of the turbine,
rather than through the blade sweep • Can load the blades unevenly
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Turbulent winds have the following characterisAcs: • Are non-‐linear winds, flowing without a pa]ern • Can be caused by surrounding roughness and structures • Can also cause a reducAon in power producAon • Will load the blades unevenly • Can even be caused by nearby turbines
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Li\ing force has an opposite effect on the wind, pushing it tangenAally, causing spin in the opposite direcAon
Source: WE Handbook-‐ 2-‐ Aerodynamics. Wind Turbine Blade Aerodynamics (2009): 1-‐10. Gurit Wind Energy Handbook. Gurit Holding AG, 14 Dec. 2009. Web. 1 Oct. 2014.
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“Horn’s Rev” turbulence
Photo: Va)enfall/Christian Steiness
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Texas Tech and NREL research with dual-‐doppler systems show the downwind effect at 80 meters
Schroeder, John. Improving Wind Farm Efficiency Using Advanced Doppler Radar Technologies. Lubbock, TX: Texs Tech U, 2013. Print.
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Rotor inerAa
Generator inerAa
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Photo courtesy: Aaron Greco/Argonne National Laboratory
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Gaining producAon at lower wind speeds can improve the operaAng profits at lower wind sites.
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Significantly more wind must be deflected with larger blades
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The WOPR number provides a raAo of the maximum accessible wind power the blades must withstand compared to the maximum power the turbine can extract from the wind.
WOPR = (Cut-‐out Speed ÷ Rated power speed)3
Example: Cut-‐out speed = 25mps Rated power wind speed = 15mps, WOPR number is (25 ÷ 15)3 = (1.667)3 = 4.6 The blades could produce 4.6 ;mes the power, if the generator could harness it.
Reduce cut-‐in to 12mps with larger rotor = (25/12) 3 = 9 WOPR
Nine :mes the poten:al power! Generator iner:a can momentarily cause higher loading!
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To improve the economics and increase producAon, rotor sizes have moved from 89 meters to 117 meters since 2005, a growth of 31%.
89.34 92.29 90.9 93.25 95.32 98.91 105.7
111.35 117.03
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
AVER
AGE SIZE
YEAR
ROTOR DIAMETER IN METERS
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A control system can only react as fast as the mechanical system that it controls. Can a control system react fast to prevent a torque reversal?
Sense the Wind speed
IniAate blade pitch
Stop pitching
How quickly can it respond to a gust or an emergency stop command?
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• As turbines have and conAnue to grow in size, potenAal transient loading from wind events has increased
• Current control systems cannot react fast enough to stop damage • Asymmetric torque control miAgates sudden reverse loads, as well
as higher freqency loads • The addiAon of an asymmetric torque device in exisAng turbines is
a major step in extending the life of drive components and reducing O&M costs
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Questions? Nic Abraham Windpower Engineering & Development [email protected] Twitter: @WPE_Nic
Doug Herr AeroTorque [email protected] Phone: 330.590.8105 Twitter: @AeroTorque
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Thank You q This webinar will be available at
www.windpowerengineering.com & email
q Tweet with hashtag #WindWebinar
q Connect with Windpower Engineering & Development
q Discuss this on the EngineeringExchange.com