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TRANSCRIPT
Exoplanets
Edge on
Face on
Transient Exoplanet and Differential Photometry
Lab 5 Detecting Exoplanet Transit
bull Due March 6 (Monday) 409pm (before the class)
bull Target GJ 1214 b
bull Data from ACAM on the William Herschel Telescope
bull Lectures on Exoplanets and Differential Photometry
bull Group Presentations Feb 13 and 27
bull Feb 13 class starts at 510pm (lab from 410pm)
bull Feb 13 group discussion
- 4 minutes for presentation 1 minute for QA
- should include 3 slides for summarizing the
the detailed steps of Lab 5
- should include your results by the key step 2
bull Class dinner sometime in March after class
Lab 5 Detecting Exoplanet Transit
Exoplanets
How Do We Detect
Extra-solar Planets (Exoplanets)
Exoplanet discoveries per year
2000 confirmed exoplanets discovered so far
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Lab 5 Detecting Exoplanet Transit
bull Due March 6 (Monday) 409pm (before the class)
bull Target GJ 1214 b
bull Data from ACAM on the William Herschel Telescope
bull Lectures on Exoplanets and Differential Photometry
bull Group Presentations Feb 13 and 27
bull Feb 13 class starts at 510pm (lab from 410pm)
bull Feb 13 group discussion
- 4 minutes for presentation 1 minute for QA
- should include 3 slides for summarizing the
the detailed steps of Lab 5
- should include your results by the key step 2
bull Class dinner sometime in March after class
Lab 5 Detecting Exoplanet Transit
Exoplanets
How Do We Detect
Extra-solar Planets (Exoplanets)
Exoplanet discoveries per year
2000 confirmed exoplanets discovered so far
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
bull Due March 6 (Monday) 409pm (before the class)
bull Target GJ 1214 b
bull Data from ACAM on the William Herschel Telescope
bull Lectures on Exoplanets and Differential Photometry
bull Group Presentations Feb 13 and 27
bull Feb 13 class starts at 510pm (lab from 410pm)
bull Feb 13 group discussion
- 4 minutes for presentation 1 minute for QA
- should include 3 slides for summarizing the
the detailed steps of Lab 5
- should include your results by the key step 2
bull Class dinner sometime in March after class
Lab 5 Detecting Exoplanet Transit
Exoplanets
How Do We Detect
Extra-solar Planets (Exoplanets)
Exoplanet discoveries per year
2000 confirmed exoplanets discovered so far
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanets
How Do We Detect
Extra-solar Planets (Exoplanets)
Exoplanet discoveries per year
2000 confirmed exoplanets discovered so far
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanet discoveries per year
2000 confirmed exoplanets discovered so far
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
So how do we detect them
Exoplanets
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions minus velocities timing astrometry
Light curve minus transient planets
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Direct Imaging
bull Currently heating up with adaptive optics high contrast imaging systems
bull Earth-like planet around a sun-like star is 10 billion times fainter than its star
bull Need to find a faint object very close to a bright star
HR 8799
Beta Pictoris
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
bull Only about ~ 20 planets directly imaged
bull Technically challenging
Direct Imaging
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Stellar Motions
bull Radial velocity timing astrometry
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Radial Velocity Comparisons
bull Best measurements now measure variations of 05 ms (a slow walk)
1995
Stellar Motions
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
bull 51 Pegasi b ndash First planet around sun-like star
bull P = 423 days -gt Hot Jupiter
Stellar Motions
Radial Velocity Comparisons
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
Eclipse depth in terms of planet and star radii (for
circular orbit)
Transit probability in terms of star radius and
distance between the planet and star (for circular
orbit)
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Light Curve ndash Transiting Planets
HD 209458
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Orbital Period
Transit Transit
Secondary
Eclipse
Can reach 10 parts-per-million accuracy for the brightest stars
from space
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient PlanetsA transient planet changes blocks the light from a star = eclipse
ldquoChallenges and Advantages of
Detecting Transient Planetsrdquo
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Light Curve Method Transient Planets
Large Transit Planet Survey OGLE Kepler Corot hellip
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
The Kepler Project
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
FOV
The Kepler Mission Field
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
The Kepler Mission
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
The Kepler
Mission
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Exoplanets
How do we detect exoplanets
Transient Planets
Example HD209458b (1999)
Small
telescope
discovery
Hubble Space Telescope data
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Density measurement
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Kepler-78
Star KIC 8435766 (Kepler-78)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension (α) 19h
34m
58s
Declination (δ) +44deg26prime 54Prime
Apparent magnitude (mV) 12
Radius (r) 073plusmn015 R
Temperature (T) 5143 (plusmn70) K
Metallicity [FeH] -008 (plusmn013)
Density measurement Example
A planet was discovered in 2013 by analyzing
data from Kepler space telescope The planet
was found not only transiting the star but its
occultation and reflected light from the parent star
due to orbital phases were also detected
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Kepler-78b (formerly
known as KIC 8435766 b)
is an exoplanet orbiting
around the star Kepler-78
Mass (m) 169-185 Moplus
Radius (r) 112 Roplus
Bond Albedo () 20-60
Density (ρ) 53-56 g cm-3
Density measurement Example
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
So how de we measure the density of exoplanets
Letrsquos look into more
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
What do we know from transit
light curves
bull Transit Depth
bull Transit Duration
bull Transit Period
bull Ingress and Egress Times
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Sky-projected distance between the
center of the star and planet The total
transit duration is heavily dependent on
the impact parameter
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Transit
Depth
Limb
Darkening
Ingress Egress
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
Primary and Secondary Eclipses
