transhumanism
DESCRIPTION
Transhumanism presentation was created to support the talk by Maria Konovalenko at the NMR meeting during the Estonian Magnet Week in Tallinn. This presentation may be used a s a brief introduction to the idealogy of transhumanism that sees life being the ultimate value and seeks extending human abilities using modern technologies. ONe of the ideas of the presentation is to show that regardless of how the existing funding of scientific research is distributed among the scientists, it is still not enough and it won't be enough unless there's a strong ideology behind scientific research. There has to be a social mandate for what the scientists are doing, only then there will be enough money. In order to form this socila mandate , the researchers have to openly talk to the public and the politicians via the media and explain clearly why their work is so much important and why it needs increased funding.TRANSCRIPT
Transhumanism
Transhumanism is striving towards
extending human abilities with the help of new technologies
The main human right, remand and
desire is life
Research directions
•Fighting aging
•Regenerative medicine
•Artificial organs
•Therapeutic cloning
•Longevity viruses
•Cryonics
•Neuromodeling and mind uploading
•Artificial Intelligence
Fighting aging
Robert Shmookler Reis
extended lifespan of a nematode 10-fold via a mutation in the age-1
gene
Maria Blascoinscreased mouse lifespan by inserting a virus vector carrying telomerase gene
Alexei Moskalev increased drosophila lifespan by activating
GADD45 gene
Potential geroprotectors
Metformin
Melatonin
Resveratrol
Lipoic acid
2-deoxy-D-glucose
Carnosine
Animoguanidine
Fisetin
Hydroxycitrate
4-phenylbutyrate
Gymnemoside
Cycloastragenol
Quercetin
Curcumin
Spermidine
Thioflavin T
Kempferol
Rapamycin
The main goal of Biology of aging is development of
Diagnostic platform for curing aging
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling:
IGF1, IGF1R, IGF-BP7, insulin, Ins-R, ILP agonissts, IRS-1, -2, AKT/PKB, PDK, PI3KI p110α, class-I PI3K c.s., PTEN, SHIP1, SHIP2, FOXO, FOXO1, FOXO3A, PEPCK, Klotho
TGF- ß signaling:
Receptor TGF-ß, SMAD1, SMAD2
MAPK stress signaling:
MAPK, p38MAPK, MEK1, MEK2, ERK1, ERK2, GSK3α, ß, small GTPases (e.g.RAS), SAPK/JNK
Mitochondrial ROS Generation:
p66Shc, CLK-1, UCP-1, -2, -3
Antioxidant Defenses:
SKN1, p53, Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, catalases 1, 2, 3, GST-A4-4, other GSTs, VDAC1, VDAC3, Carbonylated proteins, 4HNE-modified proteins
Nutrient Sensing/Response:
SIRT1, HDAC1, 3, 4, AMPK (α, ß subunits), mTOR, RSK3/S6 protein kinase, PHA-4/FOXA
Protein Synthesis and Turnover:
Ribosomal proteins (S6), eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF4E-BP, Proteasome 20S C2 , Ubiquitin & ubiq-proteins
Rapamycin extends lifespan in old mice by
14%Rapamycin blocks the activity of mTOR
pathway. This leads to supression of cell growth and proliferation, autophagy activation and slowing down aging
Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Harrison et al. Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):392-5.
Regenerative medicine
Tissue-engineered bladder
Skin grown using the pateint’s own
cells
Our achievements in Russia
3 successful transplantations of tissue-
engineered tracheas grown using the patient’s
own cells on a scaffold
Paolo Macchiarini, Karolinska Institute, Sweden and Vladimir
Porkhanov, 1st Krasnodar Regional
Hospital
Therapeutic cloning
Artificial organs
Artificial AbioCor heart is equipped with an accumulator. It allows patients to be autonomous
for several hours
Longevity viruses
Longevity genes: IGF1 (tissue-specific), redox regulating genes: САТ, TXN, MSRA, SOD2, SOD1, GADD45, regulators of epigenetic state and transcription: DNMT2,
FOXO3, heat shock proteins: HSPA1A, HSPA1B, other genes: PCMT1, SIRT1, PCK1, PLAU
Cryonics
Brain cryopreservation
Whole body cropreservation
Neuromodeling and mind uploading
Brain scanningComputer model of
nematode C.elegans
Artificial Intelligence
IBM Watson algorythm defeated the two greatest champions of the Jeopardy show on
December 14, 2011
Transhumanism is ethical choice
Transhumanism is call to action
Transhumanism is goal priority
Transhumanism is rational behaviour
Transhumanism is the future of the humanity
Main problems of transhumanism
Negligible financing of transhumanist projects
However, there is only $5 000 000 availableNo matter what organizational solution you
use, no good results can be reached
10 scientists need $ 60 000 000 minimum,
but better $2 500 000 000
Causes Conservatism
Belief in afterlife
Complexity of science
Political focus on the momentary interests of voters
Taboo on discussions about death
There are few transhumanism leaders in
the world
Ray Kurzweil Eliezer Yudkowsky
Max Moore Mikhail Batin
Priority choice
VS.
Making sure the Artificial
Intelligence is friendly
Fighting aging
Fearof the scientists not to
get a grant if they explicitly support radical
life extension
Transhumanism critique
«Let’s not talk about immortality and life extnsion, but let’s talk about healthy aging and fighting age-related diseases»
«There will be overpopulation»
«Everything is too complicated»
The most stupid generation
What’s the solution?
Join the existing transhumanist projects
Paolo Macchiarini - brain transplant
Aubrey de Grey - removing damage
Igor Artyukhov - cryonics
Randal Koene - mind uploading
Craig Venter - synthetic biology
Dean Kamen - cyborgization
Human life extension research program
Sebastian Zeung -human connectome
Anthony Atala - engineering liver,
kidney and other organs
ben Goertzel -AI development
Gregory Fahy -improving
cryopresesrvation methods
Gabor Forgacs - 3D bioprinting