transforming transit in california
TRANSCRIPT
Transforming Transit in California
November 19, 2015 California Transit Association
50th Annual Fall Conference and Exposition Pasadena, California
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Tony Brasil, Chief Heavy Duty Diesel Implementation Branch
Mobile Source Control Division California Air Resources Board
o Significant reductions needed to meet air quality and climate goals • 90% reduction in NOx by 2031 • 40% reduction in GHGs by 2030 • 80% reduction in GHGs by 2050
o Up to 50% petroleum use reduction by 2030 o Achieving goals will require a
transformational change in all sectors o Stationary, industrial, mobile, other
Driving Change
o All possible methods needed to meet goals • Increased efficiencies • Cleaner combustion • Cleaner fuels • Zero emission vehicles • In-use controls • Other
Requires Reductions Across All Sectors
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o Coordinating: Connecting statewide efforts between regions and agencies
o Regulations: Coordinated multi-pollutant approaches • Advanced Clean Transit • Other
o Funding: Enhance markets with strategic public incentive and investment programs • Significant funding prioritized for zero emission transit
Implementing an Advanced Technology Framework
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o Transit bus highly suitable for advanced technologies • Operate in congested areas where
localized pollution can be a problem • Centrally located and fueled • Fixed routes • Government support
o Experiences aid other fleets in deploying advance technologies
Transit Buses Leading the Way
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o Low NOx on-road heavy duty engines • One CNG engine certified (90% lower NOx) available 2016 • More low NOx engines expected (CNG and diesel)
o Renewable fuels • Displace conventional diesel and natural gas use • Used in multiple sectors
o Zero emission buses • Significant technology improvements over past 5 years • Commercially available • Costs have come down and continue to decline
Role for Zero- and Near-Zero Emission Buses
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Zero Emission Buses
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o No tailpipe emissions o Are meeting transit service needs today o Technology and costs continue to improve o Currently 190% to 420% times more efficient than
conventional o Potential for lower fuel and maintenance costs
Why Zero Emission Buses
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o Several fleets adding to their existing zero emission bus fleet
o Number of zero emission buses operating in California to more than double next year
o Antelope Valley Transit committed to 100% zero emission bus goal as soon as possible
o More zero emission bus models available
Zero Emission Bus Market Growing Rapidly
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Multiple Fleets Using Zero Emission Buses
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Bus Fleet Operator Technology Type
Zero Emission Buses Existing Fleet Size1
ZBus Percent of
Fleet In
Service Ordered Total
Antelope Valley Transit Battery 2 29 31 65 48% Stanford University Battery 13 10 23 79 29% Anaheim Resort Transit Fuel Cell 0 9 9 38 24%
SunLine Transit Fuel Cell 5 11 16 104 19% Battery 0 3 3 Santa Barbara Battery 20 0 20 110 18% Porterville Transit Battery 0 2 2 14 14% Foothill Transit Battery 15 15 30 300 10% San Joaquin RTD Battery 2 7 9 113 8% Long Beach Transit Battery 0 10 10 251 4% UC Irvine Fuel Cell 1 0 1 30 3% ZEBA (AC Transit lead) Fuel Cell 13 0 13 571 2% Monterey-Salinas Battery 1 0 1 95 1% Los Angeles MTA Battery 5 0 5 2594 0% Total 77 96 173 4364
1 Source: 2014 ARB Reporting Database
Multiple Zero Emission Buses Available
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Make Model Bus Type Fueling BYD K7M 30’ Transit Battery BYD K9S 35’ Transit Battery BYD K11M 40’ Transit Battery New Flyer Xcelsior XE40* 40’ Transit Battery or Fuel Cell Proterra BE35 35’ Transit Battery Proterra Catalyst 40’ Transit Battery El Dorado American Fuel Cell Bus* 41’ Transit Fuel Cell BYD C9 40’ Motor Coach Battery BYD C10 45’ Motor Coach Battery BYD K9M 60’ Articulated Battery New Flyer Xcelsior XE60* 60’ Articulated Battery or Fuel Cell
* In development
Note: Additional zero emission buses available that are less than 30’ in length
o Fuel cell bus fueling and range similar to CNG/diesel o Battery electric slow charge (plug-in)
• About 120 to 190 miles per charge
o Battery electric fast charge (conductive) • Charge on route for about 3 to 10 minutes • Unlimited range
o Battery electric combination • Slow charge plug-in, and • Inductive charging at strategic locations
Multiple Fueling Strategies
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Transit Bus Fleet Characteristics by Mode
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Mode Average Weekday
Miles
Average Speed MPH
Commuter Buses (CB) 177 29
Transit Bus (MB) 150 14
Demand Response (DR) 99 14
Source: National Transit Database 2013
Funding Opportunities
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o Zero Emission Bus Pilot Commercial Deployment Projects • Up to $65 million available (FY14/15) and (FY 15/16)
o Hybrid and Zero Emission Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) • $110,000 per vehicle
o Low Carbon Transit Operations Program • 5% continuous appropriation of annual Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Fund (GGRF) proceeds
o Transit and Intercity Rail Capital Program • 10% continuous appropriation of annual GGRF proceeds
o Low Carbon Fuel Standard credits
California Supporting Transition to Advanced Technologies
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o Zero emission bus deployments around strategic “hubs” • Shared location and fueling infrastructure • Workforce training and development • Benefits to disadvantaged communities
o Up to $65M allocated* from FY 14/15 and 15/16 funds • Competitive solicitation released October 2015 • Match funding encouraged
ARB Zero Emission Bus Commercial Pilot Deployments
16 * Portion of funds are pending authorization by the Legislature
http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/aqip/solicitations.htm
o Provides vouchers for California fleets on a first-come, first-served basis • BYD • New Flyer • Proterra • Conversions to zero-emission
o Up to $110,000 for eligible zero emission buses • Visit http://californiahvip.org
ARB HVIP Funding
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o Low Carbon Transit Operations Program (Caltrans) • Provide operating and capital assistance to transit
agencies • Awarded $25 million for close to 100 projects
o Low Carbon Transit and Intercity Rail Program (CalSTA) • Funding for rail and bus capital projects and operational
improvements • Awarded $244 million for 14 projects
State Transportation Agency
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http://calsta.ca.gov/res/docs/pdfs/2015/Agency/TIRCPAwardSummary06302015.pdf
o Reduces GHG emissions associated with lifecycle of transportation fuels
o Earn credits to be sold on open market • CNG, RNG, electricity, hydrogen
o Transit fleets can benefit several ways • If three or more vehicles using electricity or • If producing fuel or • Through contract with fuel producer
Low Carbon Fuel Standard Can Lower Costs for Buses
19 Credit trading reports www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/lcfs/lrtmonthlycreditreports.htm
Advanced Clean Transit Regulation
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o Mix of cleaner combustion & zero-emission buses • Low NOx technologies • Use of renewable fuels • Phased-in adoption of zero-emission technologies
o Natural fleet replacement rate (not accelerated) o Continue to provide effective, efficient, and
affordable regional transit services across California
Advanced Clean Transit Concept
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o Flexibility for fleets to pool requirements o Flexibility for regional collaboration between
metropolitan planning organizations and transit fleets o Opportunity to recognize greater efficiencies and
zero-emission modes of transporting passengers o Recognize early zero emission bus purchases o Recognize uniqueness of small and rural operations
Advanced Clean Transit Flexibility Options
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o Continued engagement with stakeholders • Transit workgroup • Technology and regulatory proposal workshops • Economics and business case, funding and incentives
o Update Board early 2016 o Draft regulation proposal in spring 2016 o Board consideration late 2016
Next Steps
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o Successful transition of heavy-duty sources to zero and near-zero technologies begins with buses
o Partner with transit agencies to meet goals o Continue to improve mobility and efficiency o Will use a combination of incentives and regulatory
approaches
Conclusion
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