TRANSFORMING INDIAN CITIES

PROF. CHETAN VAIDYADirector

SPA, New Delhi

September 9, 2013c.vaidya@spa.ac.in

THEME

Urban India Offers a number of Challenges and Opportunities The Urban Problems are Surmountable Lot to Learn from Other Cities in India Outside Need Partnerships among StakeholdersGood Communication Strategy at All Levels

CONTENTS

Urban Trends and Program

Indore Experience

PEARL

Way Forward

URBAN INDIA POPULATION TRENDS

Total Urban Population in 2011 : 377.2 million

% Urban Population to total in 2011: 31.16%

Annual Growth Rate (1991-2001): 2.76%

% Projected Urban Population (2050): 50%+

Large number of non-municipal towns

Urbanisation is inevitable

India needs to improve its urban infrastructure and governance to

achieve economic objectives

5

Urbanization-Economic Growth Linkage

Percentage of Below Poverty LineUrban and Rural in India

Item 2004-05 2009-10

Urban 25.7 20.9

Rural 41.8 33.8

All-India 37.2 29.8

Source: Planning Commission, 2012

Total Number Urban Poor: 76.47 Million in 2009-10• High Rates of Urban Poverty in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Rajasthan

TABLE 2: PROJECTED URBAN AND TOTAL POPULATION IN INDIA – 2011, 2021 AND 2026

Item 2001 2011 2021 2026

Total Population (million) 1028.61 1192.50 1339.74 1399.83

Urban Population (million) 286.12 357.94 432.61 534.80

Urban (%) 27.82 30.02 32.29 38.21

Total AEGR (%) 1.48 1.32 1.23 1.16

Urban AEGR(%) 2.24 2.07 2.50 1.89

Source: Population Projections for India, 2001-26, Registrar General of India, 2006

AEGR- Annual Exponential Growth Rate

TABLE 3: STATES GROUPED ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF URBANIZATION IN 2026States/UTs % Urban_2026 % Share of Total Urban Pop_2026

Highly Urban States/UtsAndhra Pradesh 34.02 5.98Delhi 98.80 5.17Gujarat 53.04 6.87Haryana 46.31 2.69Karnataka 49.29 6.17Madhya Pradesh 34.80 5.71Maharashtra 61.01 15.21Punjab 52.50 3.08Tamil Nadu 74.78 10.05West Bengal 35.13 6.60Chandigarh, Goa and Pondicherry 85.78 1.13Highly Urban States/UTs 50.91 68.66

Average Urban States/UTsChhattisgarh 30.77 1.65Jammu & Kashmir 34.49 0.87Jharkhand 28.81 2.01

States/UTs % Urban_2026 % Share of Total Urban Pop_2026Rajasthan 29.06 4.43Uttar Pradesh 27.17 12.64Uttaranchal 37.29 0.82Subtotal for Average Urban States/UTs 28.59 24.52

Low Urban States/UTsBihar 11.61 2.47Himachal Pradesh 13.62 0.19Orissa 21.24 1.80North Eastern States 22.72 2.19Other UTs 53.81 0.17Subtotal for Low Urban States/Uts 15.46 6.83

Source: Same as Table 2. Notes: (i) North Eastern States constitues of the 8 States of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.(ii) Other UTs comprise of Andaman & Nicobar Islands,Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep.

Effective Municipal Resource Mobilization :

Indore Experience

Introduction to IMC• Population of 19.6 Lakhs (2011)

• Annual Population growth of 2.87% (2001- 2011)

• Trade and commercial center of the State of Madhya Pradesh

• Large center for textile, engineering and machinery industry

• Municipal income in 2001-02: Rs. 135 crore

• Main sources of income: Property tax (21%) and Octroi compensation (44%)

CITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

• In 1997, IMC developed a City Development Strategy (CDS) with public consultation

• Main objectives of CDS are:

– Improved delivery of services;

– Resource mobilization with focus on management;

– Expenditure management; and

– Better communication with the citizens.

REFORM EFFORTS I

Improvements carried out

Revenue generation Enabling steps

• Self-assessment of property tax on area-based system

• Reassessment of under-assessed properties

• Focus on revenue management

• Property surveys• Reorganization of Revenue

Dept.• Accrual-based accounting• Computerized billing and

database mgmt.

REFORM EFFORTS II

• Computerization– Private agency for software and database creation

• Project monitoring• Digitization of maps and GIS.• Decentralization to Zonal offices to facilitate better

services to the poor.

REFORM EFFORTS III

• Reorganization of Revenue Department

– Creation of 3 separate sections for Survey, Assessment and Recovery, vigilance teams also constituted

• Financial Management

– Computerized double-entry accrual-based accounting

• Communication with Citizens

– Citizen’s charter issued, time bound permissions

– ‘Nagrik’- magazine on municipal management

– Hoardings with important information, dates, rules, etc.

REFORM EFFORTS IV

• Capacity building

– Training all of all Revenue Dept staff by Institute of Mgmt Studies

• Data sharing with other Government Depts.

– Registrar Office

– MPEB

• E-Governance

– Functional website

IMC’S ACHIEVEMENTS

Rs. 42 crore Rs. 184 crore

1995-96 2003-04

Total Revenue

Rs. 16 crore

Own Revenue

Rs. 75 crore

Key Success Factors

• Hands-on and direct involvement of Mayor and Commissioner

• Crucial personnel involved in design and implementation • Simple measures implemented with immediate and visible

effects • Priority to those measures that benefit the public• Good communication with citizens and outside world

HPEC Report and Recommendations

Dr. Isher Judge AhluwaliaChairperson, High Powered Expert Committee

2011

Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services

• Additional Rs 20 lakh crore for operation and maintenance of assets – old and new

19

Rs

cro

re a

t 2

00

9-1

0 p

rice

s

Rs 39.2 lakh crore urban: infrastructure investment at 2009-10 prices

20

 

     Please find enclosed attachment containing scanned     jpeg file given by you.

  

 

URBAN GOOD PRACTICES      Please find enclosed attachment containing scanned     jpeg file given by you.

 NEWSPAPERS ARTICLES BY DR. ISHER AHLUWALIA  Urban Thanks

2. Peer Experience And Reflective Learning (PEARL)

under JNNURM

PROF. CHETAN VAIDYADirector

SPA, New Delhi

September 9, 2013c.vaidya@spa.ac.in

Peer Experience And Reflective Learning (PEARL)

Knowledge sharing and cross-learning among JNNURM cities through effective knowledge networking.

The PEARL website (India Urban Portal) Documentation of Urban Initiatives Quarterly Newsletter - PEARL Update National and Groups Workshops Help Desk

PEARL Peer-pairing And NetworksKnowledge Managers and Network Conveners

PEARL Urban Initiatives Reports & Newsletter

Documentation of urban initiatives: five volumes of the Report has been published.

Newsletter for PEARL: Issues of “PEARL Update” in English and “PEARL Aajtak” in Hindi have been published and circulated.

PEARL Website –India Urban Portalwww.indiaurbanportal.in

PEARL website is operational and linked with JNNURM website. The site provides a knowledge-sharing platform for interaction and discussion.

This website documents Best Practices, JNNURM Projects, JNNURM Reforms, News / Events, Data /Resources, Publications, Gallery (Photos & Films) and Newsletters

An average monthly hit of more than 2,10,000 is being reached.

A e-Group and a online e-Discussion Forum is also available.

26

Postcard PEARL

In Hindi

Message

• Urbanization is inevitable and desirable in India

• Urban Development should be Sustainable, Inclusive and Smart

• Cities in India are Slowly Transforming and we should create enabling conditions to support and replicate it.

27

Thank you

c.vaidya@spa.ac.in