· pdf filethe transformer as indicated in the ... calculate the average v l1. e. calculate...

CaspocFast and Easy Power Electronics and Electrical Drives Simulation

Motion Control and Variable Speed Drives

www.caspoc.com CASPOC:You can't beat our speed!

Analysis and design of a motor drive system becomes easy when usingCaspoc. Modeling electrical machines and variable speed drives isincluded in the standard and professional version of Caspoc. It providesan easy and effective way of modeling and simulating motor drivesystems.Simply connecting the electrical machine to the power electronics andthe mechanical shaft builds your drive system fast and efficient.

The power electronics, control loop, electrical machine and mechanicaldrive are modeled in one schematic. All basic types of machines andmechanical components are available.Connected to the comprehensive control library components, such as PI-controllers, Field Oriented Control, etc., an electrical drive is buildquick and convenient. Using modeling language such as C/C++, youcan even create custom-built machine/load models.

Features:

• Applying ready to use components, such as abc-dq transformations, PI-controllers and digital /analog filters, any drive system is modeled veryeasy and the system layout is clearly visible.

• Many samples are available, for example, FieldOriented Control as shown here. The vector drivewith induction machine (top) or Field OrientedPMSM drive are straightforward to implement.

• The Simulink coupling can be used to couple yourPower Electronics and Electrical Drive to anySimulink control model if required.

• Co-Simulation and data exchange with famousFEM software gives you the power to any newtype of electrical machine.

Electrical Machines:

• Permanent magnet synchronous machine• Induction machine (squirrel cage, wound rotor

and single-phase)• Synchronous machines and generators, permanent

magnet and externally excited• Permanent magnet DC machines• Brushless DC machines• Series shunt and compound DC machines• Switched reluctance machines• Synchronous reluctance machines• Stepper motors• Automotive alternators (DC & 3 phase)

Mechanical components:

• Shafts, masses, spring, bearings, gearboxes,differential gear, planetary gear

• Constant torque, constant power and general typemechanical load

• Speed, torque and power sensors

Summarizing, any type of electrical machine can bemodeled quick and easy.


Data-Exchange and FEM Co-Simulation


Get more from your electric drive simulations, by using detail modelsfor your electric motors. Caspoc couples with various FEM packages.

Switched Reluctance Machine in Ansys

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine in SmartFem

Coupling of the machine data to the machine modelin the drive simulation in Caspoc.

Features:

• True Co-Simulation for complex electricalmachines and linear actuators

• Included eddy currents and losses in the co-simulation

• Optimize your control with non-linear machinemodels parameterized from FEM models

• Static parameters, look-up tables and transient co-simulation

• Co-Simulation and data exchange with famousFEM software gives you the power to any newtype of electrical machine.

Linear Actuator Co-SimulationThe linear actuator is modeled in Ansys and via a co-simulation controlled in Caspoc. The mechanicalsystem can either be modeled in Ansys using a FEMand/or Multibody Kinetics model for the mechanicalsystem, or a basic mechanical model is constructed inCaspoc

Summarizing,get accurate results from Ansys and SmartFem for any

type of electrical machine quick and easy.


Semiconductors Detailed and Fast


Optimize your power electronic designs by using the "fast power lossprediction models" in Caspoc.

Fast simulation of the losses in an IGBT inverter

Fast Loss Predicting Semiconductor Models

Detailed Mosfet Modeling

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

40.000

45.000

-600.000m

50.000

1000.000n 1100.000n 1200.000n 1300.000n 1400.000n 1500.000n 1600.000n 1700.000n 1800.000n 1900.000n 2000.000n

VGS

IDS

VDSVDS

Detailed modeling of a mosfet in Caspoc reveals the on and offswitching waveforms.

Features:

• Detailed mosfet models with non-linearcapacitance's

• IGBT models with tail current

• Diode models with reverse recovery

• Fast loss-prediction models for fast simulation

• Coupling to Thermal models

• Include parasitic wire inductance and bus-barcapacitance in the circuit

Diode Reverse RecoveryThe reverse recovery in a diode is dependent on themaximum forward current and its slope during turnoff.. Increasing the inductance in each successivesimulation increases the slope of the turn-off currentand thereby decreasing the reverse recovery current.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

-300 5u 10u

Time(s)

I[R1]

(0) (0)

(0) (0)

(1) (1)

(1) (1)

(2)(2)

(2)

(2)

Summarizing,use detailed semiconductor models or

loss-prediction modelsquick and easy.


Heat Sink modeling


Estimate the efficiency and heating in your power electronics designwith detailed heat sink models. Predict accurately the thermal behaviorof your design with either basic heat sink models or with detailedthermal models from Ansys

TO220 with heat sink and isolation layersSCOPE1

IGBT Junction temperature with detailed model

Geometry in Ansys

Static Temperature in Ansys and Model Identification

Single phase inverter with IGBT and thermal model from Ansys

Features:

• Heat Sink models directly coupled tosemiconductor models

• Thermal material properties predefined

• Ready to use heat sink models

• Thermal models from Ansys directly importedinto Caspoc

Thermal modelsThermal models are required to accurately predict thelosses of semiconductors. The losses in thesemiconductors are dependent on the junctiontemperature, which is in turn a function of the powerlosses from the semiconductor itself, and thesurrounding semiconductors.In Caspoc you can use the ready to use models forheat sinks or you can use the detailed models fromAnsys.

Summarizing,Thermal Models,

predefined or customquick and easy.


Automotive Power Management


Automotive Power Management optimized and tested for various loadapplications. Model the entire power grid with all users. Observe batterycharging and discharging and harmonics caused by the alternator.Create a load-dump and simulate the stability of your power grid.

Automotive Power Management with Load-Dump

Spark Plug Ignition with IGBT control

Features:

• Detailed Alternator model including 6 pulserectifier and controller

• Battery model with SOC, and charge/dischargeimpedance.

• High-voltage spark plug model

• Bi-directional DC supplies with current limitingand efficiency modeled

• Drive cycles for Power Management

Bi-directional DC ConverterPower Electronics are emerging in automotiveapplications. They are not only controlling the engine,alternator and blinker, but nearly all devices likemotors and other automotive actuators are controlledby power electronics. A Bi-directional converter ismodeled in detail for the conversion between thebattery voltage and the higher bus voltage in HEC(Hybrid Electric Vehicles).

Summarizing,Automotive Power Management

Engine-Managementquick and easy.


Hybrid Electric Vehicles


Complete drive train simulation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Includethe combustion engine, wheels, clutch, differential, electric motor,generator, inverter, battery, bi-directional-converter in one model.Simulate entire drive cycles and observe the power management in thedrive train.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Power-Split

Drive train modeling

CWHEE L2 1

CWHEE L1 1

SCOPE1

R_BEARING2 1

CWHEE L4 1

CWHEE L3 1

R_BEARING1 2

CLUTCH1 AUTOMATICGEARBOX1 DIFFERENTIAL1

T

I_TORQUE1

1000

PLANETARY21C1

100m

C2

10m T

I_TORQUE2

100

C_INERTIA1

1

C_INERTIA2

1

1

0.1

Drive train components like; GearBox, Back-Lash,Brake,Clutch, Bearing, Wheels

Features:

• Mechanical drive train• Inverters with PWM and Field-Oriented Control• Detailed non-linear machine models• Alternator model including 6 pulse rectifier and

controller• Battery model with SOC, and charge/discharge

impedance.• High-voltage spark plug model• Bi-directional DC supplies with current limiting

and efficiency modeled• Drive cycles for Power Management

Mechanical drive-train, electric machineand power electronics combinedThe entire drive train is model in Caspoc. Not only themechanical parts, but also the electric machine,inverter and control are modeled in detail. Themechanical components are modeled in detail like theclutch, brake, planetary gears and differential. Non-linear properties like spring characteristics and frictionmodels can be imported from FEM.

PLANETARY21

C_INERTIA1

200

POWER3POWER1

POWER2

C_INERTIA2

0.1

C_INERTIA3

0.1

R_BEARING1

0.01

R2T1 SCOPE1

POWERSOURCE2

POWERSOURCE1

POUTP1

P2

105.408k 79.644k

26.184k

Summarizing,Drive train modeling with non-linear

mechanical componentsquick and easy.


Green Renewable Energy


Renewable Green Energy is the future. Stay ahead and simulate GreenEnergy with Caspoc. Models are provided for Solar Cells, WindTurbines and Fuel Cells.

Solar Cell with inverter and supply to the Grid

Temperature of the Solar Cell

TEMPERATURE

Intensity of the sunshine

SUNSCOPE4

SCOPE3

VAC50HZ1 325.2691

+

-

SCOPE1

R1 1000

CON

25

C1 1mF

CON

500

SCOPE2

L2

10u

L1

40mH

0

0T

50

1

20

SUNDENSITY

Wind Turbine models

The wind turbine model has variable pitch control and can be supplied

with wind speed characteristics

Wind turbine with doubly fed induction generatorThe Wind Turbine is connected via a stiff shaft and gearbox to a DFIG(Doubly Fed Induction Generator). The rotor of the generator is fedfrom an Inverter. Electric Power from the DFIG is fed into the maingrid.

Features:

• Solar Cell model with load dependency• Wind Turbine with variable pitch control and

wind speed characteristics• DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)• PMSG (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Gen.)• Planetary Gear, Stiff Shafts• Wind Speed characteristics• Fuel cell model with load dependency from CFD

or detailed model

Fuel cellThe Fuel cell can be modeled either based on thevoltage-current relations from a CFD package or thedetailed model including hydrogen pressure andtemperature.

Summarizing,stay ahead in Green design

for a better futurequick and easy.

V1 250

+

-

L_SPRING1

50000000

MUL

= 145.512k

= 159.448k=14.406k

C_INERTIA1

1

0

3

@12 @2

a

b

c

Te

iim

@

Pmech

Pin

Pout

CCAASSPPOOCCA Simulation Experience

Power Electronics Example Package

WWW.CASPOC.COM

CASPOC: You can't beat our speed!

Questions and remarks

a. Load example: FULLB_1.CSI. Start the simulation. Inthis circuit the capacitor C3 is omitted.

b. What happens if the average of VL1 is unequal to zero.

c. Place a capacitor in series with the primary winding ofthe transformer as indicated in the figure, by loading thefile FULLB_2.CSI, and notice the difference in thevoltage across the inductor L1.

d. Calculate the average VL1.

e. Calculate the output voltage as function of the inputvoltage.

f. Calculate the value of C3. Note that the switchingfrequency must be higher the resonant frequency, fs > f0.

L*n

n*f*4

1 = C

C*L*N

N2

1 = f

fs

p2

20

2

3

3fs

p2

0

π

⇒

π

EducationalPower Electronics

Simulation & AnimationExamples

Fast & Easy!

Power Electronics Example PackageExplore the world of Power Electronics and Electrical Drives using Caspoc. This Educational ExamplePackage contains more than 90 preprogrammed examples of Power Electronics simulations for CASPOC.The examples include schematic, printed simulation results and educational questions and remarks on theexample.1-PHASE RECTIFIERS1-phase diode rectifier1-phase diode rectifier with inductive load1-phase thyristor1-phase diode bridge rectifier1-phase half-controlled symmetrical bridge1-phase half-controlled asymmetricalbridge1-phase thyristor rectifier bridge1-phase triac converter3-PHASE RECTIFIERS3-phase one sided thyristor bridge3-phase half-controlled symmetrical bridge3-phase thyristor bridge3-phase diode bridge3-phase triac converterDC-DC CONVERTERSboost converterbuck converterbuck-boost converter2-quadrant convertercuk converterconventional chopperbipolar switching dc-dc converterunipolar switching dc-dc converterRESONANT CONVERTERSseries resonant circuitparallel resonant circuitvoltage-source series resonant convertercurrent-source parallel resonant convertersingle-ended resonant dc/dc converterresonant converter below the resonantfrequencyresonant converter above the resonantfrequencyseries-loaded resonant converterseries-loaded resonant con. belowresonant frequencyseries-loaded resonant con. aboveresonant frequencyparallel-loaded resonant converterparallel-loaded resonant con. belowresonant freq.

parallel-loaded resonant con. aboveresonant freq.zero-current-switching, quasi-res buckconverterzero-current-switching, quasi-res boostconverterzero-voltage-switching, quasi-res buckconverterSWITCH MODE DC POWER SUPPLIESWITH ISOLATIONforward dc/dc converterflyback dc/dc converterflyback parallel converterforward 2 transistor dc/dc converterflyback 2 output dc/dc converterflyback 2 transistor dc/dc convertercurrent-source dc-dc converterpush-pull converterfull-bridge circuithalf-bridge circuitDC TO AC INVERTERS1-phase GTO DC-to-AC inverter1-phase parallel inverter1-phase current source invertermc Murray invertercurrent-source invertervoltage-source inverterAC/AC CONVERTERSdc-link converter with current storagedc-link converter with voltage storagedc-link converter with energy storage6-pulse cycloconverterTRANSFORMERS1-phase transformertriangle to star transformertriangle to star transformerstar to triangle transformerstar to triangle transformertriangle to triangle transformer

DRIVESdirect current machinedirect current machine with chopper driveinduction machinecurrent-source inverter with inductionmachinevoltage-source inverter with inductionmachineCIRCUIT WITH CONTROLLERswitching of two capacitorsforward converter-feedback compensation1-phase LC filter3-phase LC filter1-phase thyristor-controlled inductor forstatic var control3-phase thyristor-controlled inductor forstatic var control3-phase switch-mode static var controller1-phase active filter1-phase sinusoidal input currentrectification1-phase switch mode for a bidirectionalpowerflow3-phase vector diagramequivalent series resistancesecond order systemdiode snubber circuitRMS and average calculationflyback converter with voltage/currentmode controlBUCK CONVERTER WITHCONTROLLERbuck current-mode controlbuck current/voltage-mode controlbuck P-I controlbuck hysteresis controlbuck converter with diode bridge and pwmcontrollerbuck converter with diode bridge andamplitude mod.buck converter with pwm controller

The Power Electronics Example package is included in the Educational Version in electronic form. A printedversion can be ordered additionally.

More info:

Simulation ResearchP.O. Box 397NL 2400 AJ Alphen aan den RijnThe Netherlands

Tel: +31 172 492 353

Email: [email protected]: www.caspoc.com

Simulation Research reserves the right to vary in detailfrom the description and specification in this publication.

Brochure no. 200302e © 2003 Simulation Research

www.Simulation-Research.com

CCAASSPPOOCCA Simulation Experience

Electrical Drives Example Package

WWW.CASPOC.COM

CASPOC: You can't beat our speed!

Questions and remarks

a) Open the example srm64_igbt.csi.

b) Start the Simulation.

c) Calculate the maximum current through L1.

d) Explain the dependence on the rotor angle of thecurrent through L1. Observe the rotor position in theanimation.

EducationalElectrical Drives

Simulation & AnimationExamples

Fast & Easy!

Electrical Drives Example PackageExplore the world of Electrical Drives using Caspoc. This Educational Example Package contains over 65preprogrammed examples of Electrical Drives simulations for CASPOC. The examples include schematic,printed simulation results and educational questions and remarks on the example.

LINEAIR AND ROTATING SYSTEMSMass and damperMass, damper and springAxis inertiaRotating axisSticktion

LOADSNon linear loadsInertia determiningGearboxGearbox with marginLead-screw driven loadLead-screw X- Y-axis driven loadConveyor-beltConveyor-belt with variable loadElevatorMoving carWalking cranePaper windup device with one rollPaper windup device with two rolls

DCM MACHINESShunt-machine without inductionShunt-machine with inductionSeries-machine without inductionSeries-machine with inductionSeries-machine with induction andvariable frictionDCM with permanent magnetDCM temperature dependent

TRANSFORMATIONSTransfer Ur, Us,Ut to Alpha and BetavectorTransfer Alpha and Beta to D and QvectorTransfer D and Q to Alpha and BetavectorTransfer Alpha and Beta to Ur, Us and UtTransfer Ur, Us, Ut to Uu, Uv and Uw

MODULATION PRINCIPLESSix pulsePulse wide modulationPulse amplitude modulationPulse frequency modulationVector pause modulationNotch

ENCODERSAnalog to discreet encoderAnalog to amplitude modulation encoderAnalog to pulse freq. modulation encoderAnalog to three phase sinus encoderAnalog to trapezium encoder

INDUCTION MACHINESInduction machine with formula of KlossInduction machine based on the T-modelInduction machine T-model with powersStartup induction machine T-modelNo load test with T-modelInduction machine slip=1Direct current test induction machineStartup induction machine 3-phase model3-phase model with constant slip3-phase mutual induction saturationVector diagram induction machineComparison T-model and 3-phase model

DRIVES INDUCTION MACHINESVoltage source inverterAdjustable speed driveInduction machine in deltaInduction machine in starInduction machine from star to deltaSoft-starter with constant fire angleSoft-starter with decreasing fire angleSix-step control

FIELD ORIENTED CONTROLVector-drive 1Vector-drive 2Vector-drive 3Vector-drive 4Vector-drive 5

DRIVES DCMSCR-bridge with DCMDCM, four quadrants and converterChopper controlled shunt DCMChopper controlled shunt DCM with brakeControlled DCM with 3-phase SCR drive

STEP MACHINESStep machine bipolar full-stepStep machine bipolar half-stepStep machine unipolar full-stepStep machine unipolar half-step

SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACINESSwitched Reluctance Machine 4/6Switched Reluctance Machine 6/8Switched Reluctance Machine 4/6 withcurrent control

The Electrical Drives Example package is included in the Educational Version in electronic form. A printedversion can be ordered additionally.

More info:

Simulation ResearchP.O. Box 397NL 2400 AJ Alphen aan den RijnThe Netherlands

Tel: +31 172 492 353

Email: [email protected]: www.caspoc.com

Simulation Research reserves the right to vary in detailfrom the description and specification in this publication.

Brochure no. 200502e © 2005 Simulation Research

www.Simulation-Research.com

· pdf filethe transformer as indicated in the ... calculate the average v l1. e. calculate...

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