transactional analysis
TRANSCRIPT
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
by Eric Berne
Submitted by: Alpa Goel
Harshika ShahPallavi Bisht
Smriti JhaTushar Tejawat
Agenda
• TA Definition• TA States –PAC• Type 1, 2 – crossed and complimentary• Angular and duplex transition• Procedures & rituals• Past times• Games
Transactional Analysis• Transaction Unit of social intercourse
• Transaction = Transactional Stimulus + Transactional Response
• Transaction analysis: Studying & diagnosing which ego state implemented the stimulus and response
• By Eric Berne, the psychologist
The EGO States
• Three ego states that are based on childhood experiences and role models
• Separate and distinct source of behavior
The three states are– Parent – Adult– Child
Parent Ego state – “SHOULD”
• Parental values and opinions are stored in this ego state
• May be expressed towards others as prejudicial, critical, and nurturing behavior
• Parental messages continue to influence the inner child
Adult – “Dispassionate”
• Oriented toward current reality and the objective gathering of information
• Organized, adaptable, intelligent, and tests reality, estimating probabilities
Child – “Child again !!!”
• All the impulses that come naturally to an infant
• Intuitive, creative, spontaneous
• Feelings of happiness, anxiety, fear, withdrawal etc
The EGO states
• We all operate from all the 3 states
• Awareness of transactions and ego states help us gain a conscious control over how we interact with people
• In healthy professional relationships, people transact preferably in adult state
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Stimulus
Response
Stimulus
Response
Complementary Transactions
Type 1 Type 2
Agent AgentRespondent Respondent
Crossed Transactions
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Stimulus
Response Response
Stimulus
Agent AgentRespondent Respondent
Type 1 Type 2
Ulterior Transactions
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Adult Adult
Child Child
Parent
Social level
Psychological level
Social Level
Salesman CowboyBuyer Girl
Psychological Level
An Angular Transaction A Duplex Transaction
Procedures & Rituals• Procedure: A series of simple complementary
Adult transactions directed towards manipulation of reality
• Ritual: A series of simple complementary transactions programmed by external social forces
• Procedures are programmed by Adult and Rituals are parentally patterned
Pastimes
• Typically played at parties or during the waiting periods
• Have specific aspect of exclusiveness
• Form basis of selection of acquaintances and may lead to friendship
Games• A series of moves with a snare
• 2 characteristics: the ulterior quality and the payoff
• Stages in a Game:– I Degree Game: socially acceptable to the agent.– II Degree Game: no permanent irremediable damage
arises but the player will conceal it from the public.– III Degree Game: is played for keeps and ends in
surgery, courtroom and morgue
Games People Play
• Life Games• Marital Games• Party Games• Sexual games• Boardroom Games• Good Games• Underworld Games
PARTY GAMES
“WHY DON’T YOU? YES, BUT….”
‘See if you can find a solution I can’t find fault with’
• Agent wins if he’s able to stand off solutions till others give up
• Aim: Not to get suggestions but to reject them
• Ulterior: inadequate Child <--> wise ParentParent: I can make you grateful for my helpChild: Go ahead and try
• Advantages:Internal - Reassurance External - Avoid surrender
MARITAL GAMES
“CORNER”
‘Refusal to play game of the other’
• Aim: To corner the other person by taking literal meaning of words
• Manipulative• Functions as barrier to intimacy• Ulterior: Child <--> Child• Advantages:Internal – Secret feeling of triumph External – Avoid intimacy
LIFE GAMES
Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch
Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch
• Finding situations to vent the pent up furies.• Whenever meets with any injustice, receives
them with delight and exploits them• Forgets the actual provocation but
remembers the ensuing battle• Response: why does it always happens with
me?
Good Games
• Difficult to interpret• Contributes to well being of both the parties• Homely Sage
SEXUAL GAMES
RAPO
Rapo• First degree - involves White mildly flirting with Black. Once he's
committed himself to the pursuit, the game is over and White has won.
The payoff is being found attractive.
• Second degree - the payoff comes from the enjoyment of rejecting Black's
advances ("Buzz off Buster"). White leads him into a much more serious
commitment, and enjoys watching his discomfort at being rejected.
• Third degree - ends in a false accusation of rape. White leads Black into a
compromising physical position before claiming criminal assault or
permanent psychological damage. She usually involves a number of other
players at this stage.
THANK YOU