Trajan’s ForumAli and Athena

Forum and Layout

A forum is a large public square; Trajan’s includes a market, basilica, temples, and libraries on the outskirts

Built by Apollodorus of Damascus

Last of the imperial fora

Forum and Layout (cont.) Forums are the center of

social and political life during these times

News and important events are discussed here

Contains vital governmental buildings

About the Trajan Forum

Paved with white marble and lined with stoa

Large equestrian statue of Trajan in the middle

On the northern side is the Basilica Ulpia, a judicial building, with a sqinch

Has exedrae on lateral sides of the central piazza (square shaped open area)

Trajan’s Market Next to forum on the

Northeast side Made of concrete and

brick (they’re fireproof!) 150+ shops and offices

on multiple levels Groin vaulted main hall Floor levels added in

middle ages; it was fortified for defensive purposes

Pompeii and the House of the vettii Marx Zhan, John Stokes, Andrew

Brennen

HistoryThe oldest ruins in Pompeii date back to the 8th century BCEPompeii was a major port city, thriving in tradeDue to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, it was lost for nearly 1700 years before being discovered in its nearly pristine stateMany buildings and art pieces are very well preserved

House of the vettii - historyBuilt in the 2nd century BCE, then rebuilt in approximately 62 CE as part of a remodeling project.Frescoes and art were finished shortly after the remodeling was completed.Example of traditional Roman home designOwned by two wealthy merchant brothers, Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius Conviva.

HOUSE OF THE VETTII - ARCHITECTURE AND ART

Contained a large peristyle garden just after the entranceway and atriumLarge amount of wealth meant it had lots of water, a pool was located in the atrium of the houseMany frescoes lined the walls of the home

tRaditional roman home FLOORPLAN

House of the vettiifloorplan

Pompeii - Villa of the mysteries

Used to celebrate the initiation rites for the god Bacchus (60-50BCE)

The PantheonDominique Wilson, Emily Norton, Gabbi Thatcher

In the aftermath of the Battle of Actium, Marcus Agrippa built and dedicated the original Pantheon during 27 BCE.

Originally, the temple was meant to worship Olympian gods. (Pantheon literally meaning “all the gods”)

The inscription across the front reads: “Marcus Agrippa son of Lucius, who was consul three times.” In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas

gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it to a Christian church.

Rebuilt twice after fires in 80 and 110 AD.

History

A series of transverse barrel vaults hidden within the twenty foot wall concentrates the weight of the dome on eight massive supports.

The concrete was poured in sections of over a huge molds.

The weight of the dome is relieved by a series of coffers- which also adds geometrical articulation to the hemisphere.

These coffers may have once contained gilded bronze rosettes or stars suggesting the heavens.

Plan of the Pantheon

A large dome makes up the center of the Pantheon. The dome has a large hole in it to let light in.

Despite this hole, when it rains, the concrete soaks up the extra water.

When rain does manage to get in, it falls through and then drains off through conduits.

Marble veneer (facing) and two tiers of richly colored architectural detail conceal the internal brick arches and concrete structure of the twenty feet thick walls.

The Dome

Originally, the façade of the porch was literally all viewers could see of the building. Since their approach was controlled by an enclosed courtyard, the actual circular shape of the Pantheon was concealed. Viewers were therefore surprised to pass through the rectilinear and restricted aisles of the portico and the huge main door to encounter the gaping space of the circular room.

Original Pantheon

Floor Plan

Ambulatory

Dome

The Coliseum Monty FarishMaria OrtizAlex Cravero

Random Facts! Originally the Flavian Amphitheatre Elliptical amphitheater in the center of

Rome Largest ever built by Roman Empire Built of concrete and stone

Pretty, Pretty Floor Plan

More Random Facts! Ruined because of earthquakes and stone-

robbers. Construction started in 72 AD under the

emperor Vespasian, finished in 80 AD under Titus

Further modifications made during Domitian’s reign (81-96 AD)

Area used to be a very populated village before it was destroyed by the great fire of Rome.

Soooo Much Random Facts Capable of seating 50000 spectators People were seated according to rank. Used for gladiatorial battles and public

spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology

Later reused for housing, workshops, quarters for religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine

Ara Pacis and Pont-du-GardJake TapiaJoey Avioli

Ara Pacis - Background Commissioned for the return of

Augustus to Rome Located in the Northern Outskirts of

Rome, Campus Martius Altar of Peace

Ara Pacis - East & West Walls East Wall – female warrior sitting on

weapons symbolizing peace. West Wall – Romulus and Remus were

discovered by a farmer.

Ara Pacis – North and South Wall South Wall – realistic figures, Augustus

and Tiberius North Wall – modern figures. Consists of

members of the imperial family. Shows some kind of Hellenistic Prince

Pont-du-Gard Roman aqueduct located in France Built from 40 to 60 AD 160 feet high,

902 feet long (upper), 21 feet wide. Built of shelly limestone

Pont-du-Gard Cranes and pulleys built the aqueduct Part of the Nimes aqueduct to carry

water from a spring to Roman colony of Nimes

Arch of TitusBy: Laira Kelley, Kirby Fitzpatrick, and Sydney Toth

Basic Information Created in 81 C.E. during the Flavian

period Located in Rome Built by Domitian to commemorate his

brother’s capture of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.

Architecture Made of concrete and faced with marble 50 feet tall Engaged composite columns Originally a base for a bronze statue of

the Emperor in a four horsed chariot

Entablature Inscription says “The Senate and the Roman people to the deified Titus Vespasian Augustus, son of the deified Vespasian.”

Relief on inside walls shows Titus’s soldiers carrying sacred treasures from Jerusalem through Rome.

Inside the Arch Spoils from the Temple of Solomon Passageway on the inside of the arch Menorah, return into Rome

Inside The arch Sacking of Jerusalem

Lydia LivasWilson Ward

The Basilica of Constantine Or Aula Palatina

Built 320 AD In Trier, Germany Constantine

“In this sign, you shall conquer” Edict of milan

Middle ages Bishop of Trier

World war II Burned in air raid of allied forces Rebuilt, but the inner decorations were not

restored Currently a protestant church

History

Apse

NARTHEXNAVE

AISLES

Long, high ceiling (220 feet long, 90 feet wide, 98 feet high)

Brick, concrete Building elongation due to the window size Originally not a free standing structure-had

smaller rooms attached Hollow floor heating system Engaged Columns Round arches

Architecture

Floor Plan

Current Interior

Bath of CaracallaChristina Pistilli Rachel MastersonAubrey Walter

The YMCA of RomeA-Calidarium (hot bath)B-NymphaeumC-Great HallD-Frigidarium (Swimming Pool)E-CourtsG-Palaestra (gym for boxing)H-Lecture HallsI-VestibulesL-Dressing RoomsN-Steam BathsQ-LoungesS-GymnasiaT-Study RoomsV-Nymphaea

Bath of Caracalla general information Location- Roman Italy Time- 212AD – 216 AD during the reign

of emperor Caracalla Would have to install 2000 tons of

material for 6 years to complete this

History 211 CE septimius severus began the construction of

the public baths on the south east side of Rome For recreational and educational uses Colored of colorful marble and mosaics Groin and barrel vault Had large bay windows for natural light They had low ground furnaces that warmed up baths Other facilities included exercise rooms, shops,

dressing rooms, gardens, stadium, libraries, painting gallery, auditoriums, and huge water reservoir

Art found inside Baths were a site for important

sculpture like Farnese Bull and Farnese Hercules

La Banditaccia

NecropolisesOfCerveteri

By Kemplin KaleyAnd Keagan Lee

Cityof theDead

La Banditaccia, was laid out similar to a town

Streets linked burial mounds and tombs Tomb chambers partly or completely

excavated underground, some completely cut out of solid bedrock.

All burial tombs had roofs, some with corbel vaulting

In tombs such as these, equestrian painter depicted happy bright subjects showing a tangible world beyond the tomb

Brightly colored scenes of everyday leisurely life ,decorated the tombs walls

Though the Tomb of the Diver is from Terquinia, it depicts the frivolity of these paintings well

Some tombs are carved out of the rock to mimic rooms and houses.

The Tomb of Reliefs is fully furnished, even Couches jugs and even robes were carved

and molded.

Remains of the deceased were either cremated and placed in a funerary urn or placed into a Sarcophagus

Sarcophagus from Certeveri, depicts a couple happily engaging the viewer.

Despite the archaic smile this piece holds a very different feel compared to the Greek funerary steala

Thanks for watching!

Valerie Sarge and Neelav Dutta

Arch of Constantine

The Arch

Inscription “To the Emperor Constantine, from the Senate and the Roman people. Since through divine inspiration and great wisdom he has delivered the state from the tyrant and his party with his army and noble arms, [we] dedicate this arch decorated with triumphal insignia.”

Commemorates the victory over Maxentius in 312 CE.

Three arches; larger than the Arch of Titus nearby.

Hadrianic Tondi

HadrianThe tondi and other ‘triumphal insignia’ were derived from other monuments.

For example, the tondi were recovered from a monument to Hadrian.

The left tondi represents a boar hunt; the right represents a sacrifice to Apollo. Constantine had them re-carved to represent himself in Hadrian’s place.

Reliefs: Marcus Aurelius

Marcus AureliusThe panels to the top left and right were derived from a monument to a victory by Marcus Aurelius over the Germans.

The statues above the columns are unrelated; those were derived from a monument by Trajan.

TrajanThe inner walls contain reliefs showing Trajan’s victory over the Dacians, and above the columns are large statues of prisoners also made under Trajan.

PurposeThis reuse led to a partial transferal of the old Roman virtues, comparing Constantine to earlier emperors.