training material_hsdpa principle
TRANSCRIPT
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HSDPA Princ iple
-UMTS Radio Network Planning & Optimization Dept
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HSDPA Theory
HSDPA Physical Layer
HSDPA Key Technologies
HSDPA RRM
HSDPA Evolution
Contents
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HSDPAHigh Speed Downlink Packet Access
3G
4G
HSDPA is a new technology introduced in
R5 Goal: To provide a packet-oriented wireless broadband
access service with high performance price ratio, high
downlink bandwidth and short delay for WCDMA
3GPP R5 standards are frozen in June, 2006
Small modification to R99/R4 structure
HSDPA insists on the concept of smooth evolution.HSDPA is the enhancement of R99 structure with the
newly added MAC-hs layer to achieve HARQ,
scheduling and AMC. It also adds three dedicated
channels on the physical layer.
Improve the system capacity by applying
new technologies Share channel transmission-Fast Scheduling
Shorter TTI - Fast retransmission and soft
combination
Link Adaptive - Permitting High order modulation
HSDPA High Performance Price Ratio
Downlink peak rate of single cell: 14.4Mbps
Multi-user share of single cell, with 230
users in theory
Low costSmall modification to R99
Good technical
evolution of WCDMA
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HSDPA Protocol Stack
R99/R4
PHY
MAC
RLC
PHY L1
L2
DSCH
FP
L1
L2
DSCH
FP
MAC-
c/sh
L1
L2
DSCH
FP
L1
L2
DSCH
FP
MAC-d
RLC
Uu Iub Iur
UE Node-B CRNC SRNC
MAC-hs
PHY(3 new
CHs)
HS-
DSCH
FP
HS-
DSCH
FP
HS-
DSCH
FP
HS-
DSCH
FP
R5 HSDPA
MAC-hs
Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer
Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH
(Downlink Data), HS-SCCH
(Downlink Control Signalling), HS-
DPCCH (Uplink Control Signalling)
Additional MAC-hslayer
on Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC
and Scheduling etc)
Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH
FP (Downlink Data)
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HSDPA Newly Added Physical Channels
R99 Channel
HSDPA Channel
HS-PDSCHBearing HS-DSCHtransmitting HSDPA user data (DL)
It is a 2ms subframe with 3 slots, SF=16 and multiple codes permitted. HS-PDSCH
can use two modulations of QPSK and 16QAM.
HS-SCCHBearing the signaling information for demodulation of HS-PDSCH (DL)
It is a 2ms subframe with 3 slots and SF=128. HS-SCCH includes the information of modulation,
transport block size, UE identification, etc. It uses QPSK modulation.
HS-DPCCHBearing feedback information transmitted by downlink HS-DSCH (UL)
Includes Hybrid-ARQ ACK/NACK and Channel-Quality Indication (CQI). It is a 2ms subframe with 3
slots and SF=256. First slot is ACK/NACK and the following two slots are CQI.
HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCHUE
DPCH
DCCH (Signaling) + UL DTCH (PS Service)
DL DTCH (PS Service)
CNUTRAN
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HS-PDSCH Physical Channel Structure
HS-PDSCH can use QPSK or 16QAM modulation. M is the bit represented by each
modulation symbol. For example, M=2 stands for QPSK and M=4 stands for 16QAM.
All layer1 signaling are transmitted by affiliated HS-SCCH. HS-PDSCH doesnt carry
any layer 1 signaling.
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot= 2560 chips, M*10*2 bits (k=4)
DataNdata1bits
1 HS-PDSCH subframe: T = 2 ms
HS-PDSCH Frame Format
Physical Channel Slot Format
Slot format
#1
Channel
BitRate
Channel
Symbol
Rate
SFBit/HS-DSCH
Sub-frameBits/Slot Ndata
0(QPSK) 480kbps 240kbps 16 960 320 320
1(16QAM) 960kbps 240kbps 16 1920 640 640
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HS-SCCH Physical Channel Structure
HS-SCCH adopts fixed code rate (60 kbps, SF=128), bearing the relateddownlink signaling for demodulation of HS-PDSCH
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot= 2560 chips, 40bits
Data
Ndata1bits
1 subframe: Tf= 2 ms
HS-SCCH Frame Format
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
3Tslot7680 chips
HS-PDSCH (2Tslot 5120 chips)
3Tslot7680 chips
HS-DSCH sub-frame
Timeslot relation of HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCH begins after HS-SCCH starting 2Tslot = 5120 chips
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HS-DPCCH Physical Channel Structure
HS-DPCCH carries the feedback signaling transmitted by downlink HS-DSCH. The feedback
signaling includes HARQ-ACK and CQI. Each 2ms subframe includes 3 slots with 2560 chips per slot, same as the normal DPCCH.
HARQ-ACK is at the first slot of HS-DPCCH subframe. CQI is at the second and third slots.
HS-DPCCH: SF=256, each slot has 10bits.
Normally one wireless link has a HS-DPCCH and it must exist with one certain uplink
DPCCH.
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4
HARQ-ACK CQI
One radio frame T = 10 ms
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
2Tslot= 5120 chipsTslot= 2560 chips
HS-DPCCH Frame Format
Slot
format #1
Channel
Bit Rate
Channel
Symbol RateSF
Bit/HS-DSCH
Sub-frameBits/Slot
Transmitted slot per
sub-frame
0 15kbps 15kbps 256 30 10 3
HS-DPCCH Slot Format
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HSDPA Newly Introduced Physical
Channels Timing Relation
HS-
PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and/or CQI)
HS-SCCH
2 TS 7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip N TS
1 TS = 2560 Chip
The starting point of first HS-
SCCH subframe is the same asthe starting point of P-CCPCH
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HSDPA Theory
HSDPA Physical Layer
HSDPA Key Technologies
HSDPA RRM
HSDPA Evolution
Contents
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HS-DSCH Transport Channel
Only exists on the downlink channel
Number of transport block always equals to 1
One HS-DSCH handle one CCTrCH, decoding from
one CCTrCH
One UE corresponds to the only one CCTrCH
CCTrCH can be mapping to one or several physical
channels
One CCTrCH has only one HS-DSCH
Always accompanying DPCH and one or moreshare physical control channels (HS-SCCHs) Quality balance of different HS-DSCH channels
Static data match (Two rate matches in HARQ
Transport block cascade
The number of transport block is 1 forever and as well as the number of transport
channel, and each CCTrCH only corresponds to one HS-DSCH, so the followingsdont exist:
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HS-DSCHs coding and multiplexing CRC check: same as normal CRC, 24bit in L1
Bit scramble: The bit after CRC check is scrambled by bit scrambler
Code block segment: same as R99, Turbo coding, Z=5114
Channel encode: same as R99, using 1/3 Turbo code
HARQ: Bits after adjusting channel encoding match with the total bits
mapping from HS-SDCH to HS-PDSCH
Physical channel segment: When using multiple HS-PDSCH, the
physical channels are segmented.
Interleave: progressed independently according to each physical
channel
16QAM constellation recomposition: This function is transparent to
QPSK
Physical channel mapping
CRC attachment
aim1,aim2,aim3,...aimA
Code block segmentation
Channel Coding
Physical channel
segmentation
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ
functionality
dim1,dim2,dim3,...dimB
oir1,oir2,oir3,...oirK
ci1
,ci2
,ci3
,...ci
E
vp,1,vp,2,vp,3,...vp,U
up,1,up,2,up,3,...up,U
w1,w2,w3,...wR
HS-DSCH
Interleaving
Physical channel mapping
Constellation
re-arrangementfor 16 QAM
rp,1,rp,2,rp,3,...rp,U
Bit Scrambling
bim1
,bim2
,bim3
,...bimB
Bit scramble is to guarantee the synchronization of receiving
data and transmitting data, without introducing the time
deviation. Bit Scramble is to encrypt the data bits and it does
not change the bit length of the data.
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HARQ and Rate Matching
Systematic
bits
Parity 1
bits
Parity2
bits
RM_P1_1
RM_P2_1
RM_P1_2
RM_P2_2
RM_S
First Rate Matching Second Rate MatchingVirtual IR Buffer
Nsys
N
p1
Np2
Nt,sys
N
t,p1
Nt,p2
bitseparation
NTTI
bitcollection
N
data
C W
HARQ function block adjusts the bits after channel encoding and the total bits
mapping from HS-SDCH to HS-PDSCH to be matched. HARQ function block is controlled by the parameter of redundancy version (RV).
The output bits of HARQ function block is determined by input bits, output bits
and RV parameter.
HARQ function block is composed of two rate matcher and one virtual buffer
Fi t R t M t hi d S d R t
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First Rate Matching and Second Rate
Matching
The algorithm of first rate matching is almost the same with Rel99. Bits of
encoder output match with the bits of virtual IR buffer input. Virtual buffer
capacity NIRis given by the high layers. Encode bit NTTIis derived from the
high layer signaling and the signaling parameters of HS-SCCH of each TTI.
NIRNTTIthen first rate matching is transparent.
NIR
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HARQ Rate Matching and IR Method
During the second rate matching, the data set formed by punch are displayed by
different gray levelsDeep, Medium, Low
Deploy different RV and punch method when retransmitting data
When 16QAM is deployed, different RV methods correspond to not only different
punch methods but also different constellation versions or reforming.
IR buffer size 10bit
Raw data 4bit1/3 Turbo encoder
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HS-DPCCH Physical Procedure
HARQ-ACK/NACK encode10bit full 1 and full0
CQI encodeadopting (20, 5) code, 20bits CQI info bit encode
Create corresponding 030 total 31 CQI value
HS-DPCCH and other uplink channels make frequency spreading
in parallel. If the max. number of DPDCH is even, then HS-DPCCH
is mapping to route I, otherwise it is mapping to route Q.
HS of HS-DPCCH is derived from the power offset informed by
ACK, NACK and CQI
Physical channel mapping
Channel CodingChannel coding
PhCH
b0,b1...b19
Physical channel mapping
HARQ-ACK CQI
a0,a1...a4
PhCH
w0,w1,w,...w2 9
HARQ-ACK and CQI handle the encode in parallel
Doing multiplexing at different times
I
j
cd,1 d
Sdpch,n
I+jQ
DPDCH1
Q
cd,3 d
DPDCH3
cd,5 d
DPDCH5
cd,2 d
DPDCH2
cd,4 d
cc c
DPCCH
S
CHSHS-DPCCH(If Nmax-dpdch=odd)
DPDCH4
CHSHS-DPCCH(If Nmax-dpdch=even)
HS
r t t i n f r -CC
HS
r t t i n f r -CC
cd,6 d
DPDCH6
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HSDPA Introduced Key Technologies
AMC Fast Scheduling
16QAMFixed SF16, 2ms short frame
Shared channelHARQ
1 2
3 4
5 6
Adopt 2ms short frame, fixed SF, TDM
and CDM between the users at the
same time
Introduce 16QAM high order
modulation, providing higher
modulation efficiency
AMC makes the data transport well
adaptive to the changes of radiochannels
Fast scheduling makes multi-user
share the radio resource.
HARQ quickly adjust the channel rate
according to the status of radio link
and achieve the error correction and
retransmission of the data.
Shared channel makes the number of
access users not limited by the code
resources.
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Key Technology 12ms radio frame
Share channel resources are dynamically assigned in every 2ms
TTI
HARQ fast feedback retransmission based on 2ms TTI
2ms TTI makes scheduling response much faster and in time
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms
80 ms
Earlier releases
2 ms
Rel 5 (HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH)
sub-frames (2560 chips/slot, 3Slots)
Standard Frame length Channel feedback delay Remark
R99 10ms >100ms Scheduling feedback is in RNC
HSDPA 2ms 5ms
7.5 Slots
Continuous feedback supported,
R5 still support the 10ms frame
of R99
Decrease the loop time effectively, improve the link adaptive ability highly
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Key Technology 216QAM
HSDPA Modulation QPSK
16QAM
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Key Technology 3AMC
Modulation adaptiveGood channel condition: 16QAM
Bad channel condition: QPSK
Code efficiency adaptiveGood channel condition: code rate
Bad channel condition:1/3 code rate
Code channel number adaptiveGood channel condition: more code channels
Bad channel condition: less code channels
Full use of channel conditions to transmit user data effectively
Good channel condition: High user data rate transmission
Bad channel condition: Low user data rate transmission
The combination of different parameters such as modulation mode, coding
mode, number of code channels, size of transport block, RV matching has
thousands of configuration choice. This makes AMC technique higher
efficiently and more flexible.
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Key Technology 6Shared Channel
User1 User2 User3
DCH1
DCH2
DCH3
Shared
HS-DSCH
UMTS
R99
HSDPA
Saved for Other Users
Shared fat-pipe
10ms
TTI = 2ms TimeMultiplexing
Code Multiplexing
Dedicated
TTI: Transmission Time Interval
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Comparison of HSDPA and R99/R4Item R99 HSDPA
CapacityMbps 2.688 14.4
Frequency spectrum
efficiency (kbit/(MHz*Cell))537.6 2795.2
HandoverHard handover / Soft handover /
Softer handover / Intersystem handover (to GSM)Hard handover in HS-PDSCH
Power ControlOpen loop / Close loop / external loop
Fast speed/ Low speed
Low speed power control or no power
control in HS-PDSCH
Modulation QPSK QPSK16QAM
Link Adaptive Fast power control/ soft handoverAMCHARQshort frame and fast
channel feedback
Bit Scramble and
DescrambleN/A Only used in HS-PDSCH
MAC-hs N/A Used for fast scheduling
HSDPA
HSDPA is to adjust data rate
according to channel condition when
ensuring the power
Constant powerChanging
data rate
R99/R4
R99/R4 is to adjust power according
to channel condition when ensuring
service rate
Constant data rate, changing
power
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HSDPA Theory
HSDPA Physical Layer
HSDPA Key Technologies
HSDPA RRM
HSDPA Evolution
Contents
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RNC Radio Resource Management
Summary
Code resource management
HSDPA
channelization
code
HSDPA
scrambling code
Power resource management
HSDPA total power
resource management
Service amount measurement/
Dedicated measurement
Dynamic radio carrier control
Channel
Assignment
Channel
Handover
Access control
DPCH
channelization code
Channel
Handover
Mobile management
Congestion control
Load control
Handover
measurement
Power control
Physical channel power control
Load balance
Dedicated
measurement
R4
Common
Measurement
HSDPA
Common
Measurement
Assignment of HSDPA
resource for each cell
User resource assignment
and management
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Power Control
HSDPA Physical control includes: HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
Power control
HS-SCCH
Power control
HS-DPCCH
Power control
Support open loop power control, configuration
Measurement Power Offset
Support open loop and internal loop power control
HS-SCCH Power Offset can be dynamically adjusted
Support open loop and internal loop power control, configuration
ACK,NACKand CQIand can be dynamically adjusted according
to link status
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH dynamically adjust HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH total power
according to the resource occupancy of system excluding HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH.
For HS-DPCCH, its transmission power is determined by DPCCH. UE determine the
transmission power of HS-DPCCH according to gain factor HS.
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Access Control
Because HS-PDSCH physical channel is shared resource, access control of HSDPA is different than the access control
of dedicated channel.
During the access control, the characteristics of streaming, interactive, background services and the working feature of
HS-DSCH must be fully considered. The high speed feature of HS-DSCH shared channel must be fully developed during
the access control.
HS
DPA
Accesscontrol
UE support HSDPA
Number of HSDPA user
Power resource
Data throughput carried by HSDPA
DPCH channelization
code resource
AccessDecision
Node B support HSDPA
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HSDPA Channel Handover
HSDPA handover includes service cell change and channel
handover of HS-DSCH
Same frequency service cell change between Node B
First release the HS-DSCH resource of the old cell of source Node B, then
establish the same HS-DSCH resource as old cell in the new cell of Target
Node B.
Correspond to perform hard handover for HS-DSCH. The HS-DSCH transport
channel and radio carrier parameter do not change during the handover
procedure.
UE execute reassignment of physical channels. When the reassignment of
physical channel is valid, MAC-hs entity of UE needs to be reset and UE doesnt
receive HSDPA service channel.
The valid time of physical channel reassignment of UE corresponds to the valid
time of radio link reassignment of Node B. At the valid time, the MAC-hs entity
of Source Node B releases and the MAC-hs entity of Target Node B establish.
The two Node Bs are not transmitting at this time. So the service is interrupted
instantaneously during the reassignment time.
Same frequency service cell
change inside Node B
Similar with the change of same
frequency service cell inside
Node B
The difference is that only one
Node B are controlling. Thus
MAC-hs entity of Node B does
not change and MAC-hs entity of
UE does not need to be reset. But
the service is interrupted at the
valid time of physical channel
reassignment.
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Channel Handover Transfer Figure
1. Traffic Trigger
2. Transmission Power Trigger
3. Congestion Trigger
DCH
FACH
HS-DSCH
PCH
1. Traffic Trigger
2. Movement Trigger
1. Traffic Trigger
2. Movement Trigger
1.TrafficTrigge
r
1.TrafficTrigge
r
2.CongestionTrig
ger
1.TrafficTrigger
2.LoadTrigger
1.TrafficTrigger
3.CongestionTrig
ger
1. Traffic Trigger
1. Traffic Trigger
HS-DSCH
DCHHS-DSCH
FACH
HS-DSCH
PCH
DCH DCHDCH FACH
FACH PCH
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HSDPA Congestion Control HSDPA congestion control means how to mitigate resource congestion under the condition of HSDPA system
resource congestion.
The resource of HSDPA is shared and utilized in the maximum. Thus the method of congestion control isslightly different from R99 cell. HS-DSCH resource congestion includes:
Power resource congestion
Limited HS-DSCH traffic
Data through congestion
Code resource congestion of accompanying DPCH
channelization code
Congestion control method
of HSDPA
Occupy in advanceWhen resource is congested, the high-priority user can occupy the resource in advance from the
low-priority user. It guarantees high-priority user can be always assigned resources.
QueueThe users who has no ability to occupy in advance but has the queue ability can be put into the queue and try
to access the resource again.
Decrease loadThe policy of decreasing load is decreasing the speed. That is to decrease the rate of users who has
high background or interactive services for spare resources
HSDPA resource adjustmentAdjust the code resource or power resource of HSDPA to meet the requirements of users
Resourcecongestion
Occupy
in advance
Queue
Decreaseload
HSDPA
resource
adjustment
Improvecall
successrate,
Increasesystemcapacity
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HSDPA Load Control
Decrease usable power of HSDPAIts ultimate goal is decreasing the PS data throughput.
Decrease PS data throughputDecrease the PS data rate on DCH.
Delete macro diversity linkDecrease the radio link of overload cell to decrease the load.
Forced handover to another carrier or GSM systemInter-frequency handover and intersystem
handover can be used as the method for load transfer to decrease the load of overload cell.
Force some low-priority users to drop their calls.
The goal of load control is to guarantee the system stability.
If the system is appropriately planned, then the access control
and packet scheduling can avoid the overload of the resources
but can not avoid the situation that the system is overload
induced by suddenly user power increasing when the wireless
environment is deteriorated. Thus radio resource management
needs to adopt load control to let the system to be stable.
For the load control, the difference between HSDPA and R99 is only
at the downlink. Thus only the downlink load control method is
described here. The policy of decreasing load includes
Overload
Decrease overall power of
HSDPA
Decrease PS data throughput
Delete macro diversity link
Forced handover
Ensurethesystem
stability
I fl f HSDPA t R99 RRM
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Influence of HSDPA to R99 RRM
Algorithm By introducing HSDPA, the related HSDPA physical channels are
added. Thus R99 RMM algorithm is needed to be upgrade Add special handling of HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH code resource
management
Add access control method of HS-DSCH
Add power control method of HSDPA
Add dynamic radio carrier control policy after introducing HS-DSCH
The introducing of HSDPA cell and handover characteristics of HSDPA
physical channel affect the mobile handover decision policy and handling.
Add load balancing characteristics for cells. Affect the selection of load
balanced destination cell and later handling, eg., accompanying the transfer
between HS-DSCH and DCH
Update in congestion control
Update in load control
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HSDPA Theory
HSDPA Physical Layer
HSDPA Key Technologies
HSDPA RRM
HSDPA Evolution
Contents
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Mobile Communication Development Mobile communication is developed from 2G3G3.9G. It is
developed from mobile voice service to high speed data service.Currently it is developed to 3.5G. For WCDMA, commercial R5
version and trial R6 version can be provided now.
3GPP is working on the standards of R7/HSPA+ and R8/LTE. It is
estimated that R7 will be finalized on 2007 and R8 will be finalized
on 2008.
The development of radio technology pays more attention to the
requirement of operator NGMN organization proposed the system
development goal.
M bil C i ti T h l
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Mobile Communication Technology
Evolution
2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G2.75G
GSMWCDMA
R99GPRS
EDGE
HSDPA HSUPA
HSPA+
LTE
IS-95CDMA2000
1X EV-DO
CDMA
2000 1X
EV-DO
Rev. A
EV-DO
Rev. BAIE
CDMA2000
1X EV-DV
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WCDMA Roadmap
GSM
GPRS/EDGE
3GR99
3G+HSDPADownlink
Enhanced
3G
HSDPA/HSUP
A
Downlink/UplinkEnhanced
GSM(GPRS/EDGE)
3G
Enhanced UMTS
Optimized UMTS
NGMN
NGMN
LTE,Broadband radio
IP based wideband
Peer to Peer
2002-3 2003-4 2005-6 2007-9 After 2009Year
DL
throughput
64-144kbps 64-384kbps 384kbps-4Mbps 384kbps-7Mbps 20-50Mbps
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