training and career development analyses: nichd diversity supplements and f31 pre-doctoral...
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Training and Career Development Analyses: NICHD Diversity Supplements and F31 Pre-doctoral Fellowships
Jennifer Guimond, PhD and Sarah Glavin, PhDScience Policy, Planning and Evaluation BranchOffice of Science Policy, Analysis, and CommunicationsEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentOctober 2012
Evaluation QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of scholars in
NICHD programs targeted to diversity populations?
How many scholars remained active in the community of NIH-supported scientific researchers?
How do subsequent grant results vary by the measure used?
Are there differences between men and women who receive diversity supplements?
How do F31 recipients compare with a matched cohort of predoctoral T32 recipients?
MethodsN=462 Diversity Supplement Scholars (66%
women, 32% men)N=146 F31 recipients (60% women, 37% men,
3% unknown) o 73 F31scholars with awards in 2004 or earlier
o 73 T32 predoctoral scholars matched on sex & date of training
Measures & Definitions◦ Competitive NIH applications & funded grants
submitted 12+ mos after diversity supplement start ◦ PERSON SUCCESS RATES: number of people who
received grants divided by the number of people who applied
◦ APPLICATION FUNDING RATES: number of funded grants divided by the number of applications
NICHD Diversity Supplement ProgramScholars join an established principal
investigator on an NICHD funded research grant.
Principal investigators apply for the supplement.
Eligible scholars are:◦ from specified racial and ethnic groups, ◦ from socioeconomically disadvantaged
backgrounds, ◦ have a disability, &/or ◦ have taken a hiatus from their research careers to
attend to family responsibilities.
Trainee level: high school to early stage investigator
Characteristics of Diversity Scholars
Diversity Type:
• 72% ethnic/racial minority
• 4% individuals w/ disabilities
• 3% re-entry
• 21% unspecified
Gender • 66% women
• 32% men
Degree • 61% PhD
• 17% MD
• 2% MD+PhD
Appointments by Scholar Level
64%10%
17%
2%
8%
Predoctoral (n=235)
Graduate StudentPost-Bac/Post-Mas-tersUndergraduate student
64%
25%
11%
Postdoctoral (n=217)
Postdoctoral traineeEarly Career Inves-tigator
DSP Person-Based Application Rates (all scholars)
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
40 35.42
25.00
13.19
29.33
14.84
5.30
Men (n=144) Women (n=283)
Fisher’s exact test, p=.012
Fisher’s exact test, p=.007
Perc
en
t of
All S
ch
ola
rs T
racked
DSP Person-Based Success Rates (all scholars)
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
40
50 45.10
33.33
21.05
40.96
23.81
6.67
Men Women
Perc
en
t of
Sch
ola
rs W
ho A
pp
lied
No significant differences between men & women
DSP Application-Based Success Rates (all applications submitted by all scholars)
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
20.60
12.33 13.33
23.72
10.78 9.52
Men Women
Perc
en
t of
Ap
plicati
on
s F
un
ded
No significant differences between men & women
DSP Person Success Rates:Postdoc and Investigator Levels Only
47% of postdoctoral/investigator diversity supplement recipients submitted at least one competitive NIH grant application one or more years after beginning the supplement appointment.
42% of those who applied for a grant were funded. This amounts to 20% of all scholars.
31% of postdoctoral/investigator level diversity supplement recipients applied for a research grant.
27% of those who applied for a research grant were funded. This amounts to 8% of all scholars.
A greater percentage of men applied for research and R01 grants compared to women, but women who apply for grants were funded at similar rates.
NICHD F31 Pre-doctoral Awards
Predoctoral students are sponsored by a faculty member at their training institution.
Students apply and are considered the principal investigator.
Eligible scholars are:◦ from specified racial and ethnic groups,
◦ from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, &/or
◦ have a disability.
Trainee level: at the dissertation research stage of their training
F31 Person-Based Application Rates
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
40
39.50
23.30
11.00
36.80
13.70
5.50
F31 (n=73) T32 (n=73)
Perc
en
t of
All S
ch
ola
rs T
racked
No significant differences between F31s & T32s
F31 Person-Based Success Rates
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
40
50
60
7066.70
52.90
25.00
64.30
10.00
25.00
F31 T32
Perc
en
t of
Sch
ola
rs W
ho A
pp
lied
Fisher’s exact test, p=.042
F31 Application-Based Success Rates
All Grants Research Grants R01s0
10
20
30
4033.30
15.20
9.10
30.00
2.904.20
F31 T32
Perc
en
t of
Ap
plicati
on
s F
un
ded
Fisher’s exact test, p=.092
F31 Summary: Subsequent GrantsNearly 40 percent of F31 pre-doctoral
recipients submitted at least one subsequent competitive NIH grant application.
Over one quarter of F31 pre-doctoral recipients received at least one subsequent competitive NIH grant.
F31 recipients had similar application rates, and higher success rates compared to a matched cohort of T32 recipients.
Note: Comparisons based on sex were not made due to small numbers.
Implications for WorkforceDiversity supplements and F31 grants provide a
mechanism to increase diversity in the research workforce.
Between 1/3 and 1/2 of recipients continue to pursue NIH research funding.
F31 predoctoral scholars and a matched cohort of T32 predoctoral scholars appear equally equipped to compete for subsequent NIH grants.
Further study is needed to identify ways to keep more trainees in the research workforce. ◦ Does program duration matter?
◦ How do results vary across institutions?
◦ How do program components affect results?