traffic engineering report

7/31/2019 Traffic Engineering Report

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Joshua Hernandez

4CEF


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The importance of road traffic signs have beenrecognized world wide because of increasingincidence of road accidents due to volume of

traffic and bad habits of motor vehicle drivers.


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Objectives

1. To lead to a safest road traffic

2. To facilitate this traffic

3. To indicate or to remind some particular trafficrules

4. To inform the drivers how to use the highway


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Categories of Signaling Devices

1. Road traffic signs

2. Road traffic signals

3. Pavement markings

4. Guide posts and delineators


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Categories of Road Signs

1. Danger Warning Signs

2. Intersection Signs

3. Prescription Signs4. General Information Signs

5. Direction Signs

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Agglomeration Signs7. Railway Crossing Signs

8. Temporary Signs

9. Special Instruction Signs


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1. Valorization Principle

- to use only the needed and useful signs.

2. Concentration Principle

- some road signs must be seen at the sametime, by night and day.

3. Legibility Principle

- indications or analogical messages should bereduced.


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Used to warn traffic of potentially hazardousconditions on or adjacent to the highway.

Triangular in shape.


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1. General Rule

When the vehicle approaches an intersectionfrom different roads, the driver on the left

should yield the right of way to the vehicle onthe right except as otherwise hereinafterprovided.


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2. Priority Road

Any vehicle on this type of road has always theright of way against the vehicle coming from

the right or from the left, except as otherwiseprovided.


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3. Non-Priority Road

The driver of any vehicle entering a highwayfrom a private road shall yield the right of way

to all vehicles approaching entering or in theintersection.


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Informs the drivers about traffic rules andregulation that could be offense if desregarded.

1. Prohibitive Sign white background,red ring,

prohibitive red bar.


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Obligation Sign circular in shape, dark bluebackground, white border.


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End of Prescription Sign circular in shapeand represents the same bar sign obligationsymbol.


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1. Advance direction sign 2. Intersectiondirection sign

3. Confirmatory sign


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Gives the driver miscellaneous informationuseful in his driving and general knowledge.

Square in shape, dark blue background, white

symbols.


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Defined as all power operated traffic controldevices, except flashers, signs and marking fordirecting or warning motorist cyclist or

pedestrians.1. Pre- Timed Signals where traffic time

intervals are divided to various trafficmovements.

2. Traffic Activated where time intervals arecontrolled as whole or in party trafficdemands.


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Signal Control a solid-state mini processorfor intersections control mist be available. Themini processor receives inputs from detectors,

and interpret their meanings. Synchronized Movement under traffic

volume, coordinated signals at variousintervals estimated from 750m to more than

1km is effective in making smooth flow ortraffic.


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Four types of systems of coordination1. Simultaneous Coordination - makes all color indications

along the street alike at same time.

2. Alternative Coordination all signal changes theirindication at the same time, but adjacent signals along thestreet show different colors.

3. Limited Progressive System retains a common cyclelength providing separate GO at each intersection to

motor traffic progression.

4. Flexible Progressive System provided with a mastercontrol that commands the controller for the individualsignals.


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Specific Use of Colors

a) White used where vehicles may cross themarkings like

1. Lane lines 5. Stop lines2. Pavement edge lines 6. Cross walk

3. Channeling lines 7. Parking space limit

4. Turn markings 8. Words and symbol


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b) Yellow Lines delineates the separation oftraffic flows line

1. Center line of two highways

2. Double centerline for multiple-lane roadway3. No passing barriers

4. Channeling a center lane

5. Obstruction must be passed to the right


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c) Dashed Lines for directional line such ascenter strips on two lane highways and lanelines. 1-2 stripes 3m long 9m gap is

recommended for rural roads.


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Other Markings a raised reflector less than 1inch in height illuminated by vehicle headlightis widely used. White color is used for lane

marking, blue color to outline bicycle lanes andred to facing vehicles travelling in wrongdirection to the freeway entrance or exit ramps.


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Broken Line Typical Modulation


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Ballotini for Reflective Road Paint

- Consists of beads of good quality, optically cleanfree glass with not less than 90% spherical and

free from flaws.


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Reflective Pavement Stud

- Is either Flush Surface or Raised Profile type.


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Adhesive when Raised Profile type reflectoris specified an approved epoxy adhesive isused.

Cement Mortar shall consists of one partPortland cement to two parts fine aggregatesmixed with water.


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Advance Marking


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Are set to guide the drivers and to pinpoint aparticular or linear danger.


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Types of Guideposts or Beacons

1. Curve guide post 2. Intersection guide post


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3. Hazard Maker 4. Nose Marker


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5. Delineators are light reflecting devicemounted on posts at the side of the roadway inseries to guide the driver along the proper

alignment


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Raised bars are sometimes called jigglebars used as channel device at the nose oftraffic island to keep vehicles out certain paved

areas. Rumble Strips installed across the roadways

to alert the motorist as they approach adangerous situation like stop signs.

Distance Marker usually made of reinforceconcrete indicating the number of km distanceform and to a specific place.


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Rumble strips

Distance Maker


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Generally designed to prevent a car fromleaving the highway or from colliding againstan obstacle by deflecting it so that it continuous

to move at reduced velocity along the guardrailand in the normal direction.


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For light vehicle the impact angle of 30degressat a speed of 80km/hr

For 10tons truck with the impact angle of

20degress at 70km.hr


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Prior to the existence of freeways andexpressways, arterial streets were the mainway of traffic. Arterial and local street

operations make use of street marking signsand signal controlled in several ways by eitherfixed setting or computerized system.


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Basic consideration in planning arterial roads

1. Selection of convenient route

2. Studies of traffic volume

3. Origin and destinations

4. Accident experienced


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One Way Street are those where traffic moves inone direction only.

Advantages of one way1. Bigger Capacity move vehicles are

accommodated by same street system.2. Fewer Stops and Increasing Speed fewer delay

at intersections.3. Improved Pedestrian Movement one crosswalk

is totally free from turning vehicles.4. Reduced Accidents5. Elimination of Headlight Glare ease of

movement for emergency and less attention totraffic.


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The most important traffic control device forstreet operations are STOP and YIELD signsand the Traffic Signals.


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Freeways are designed for high speed, freeflowing, low accident facilities and operatewithout hindrances from traffic control.

This type of roadway operated well because oftheir isolation from the surrounding withwidely spaced access and barred pedestrians.


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Highway and street lightning are generallyincorporated in the design to illuminate theroadway to provide seeing by silhouette.

Object is darker than the background,discernment is by silhouette

Object is lighter than its background, seeing isreverse silhouette.


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Parking on the street substantially reduces thecapacity of the road

Creates congestion and confusions.

Increases travel time and accident of vehicles.


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Maximum Volume traffic flow is likely tocontinue without breakdown and seriouscompositions.

Number of Vehicles Values for capacity cannot

be determined exactly due to the many variablethat affects traffic flows. One direction against two direction traffic is one

direction flows independently from that of theother.

A given time period traffic volume and capacityare stated in vehicles per hour but traffic flow doesnot vary uniformly with time, volume andcapacities.


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Commonly accepted as measure of restrictive effectsof increased volume.

Level A free flow speed control by drivers desire

B - stable flow speed is restricted ,no maneuver restriction

C - stable flow speed and maneuver are restricted

D approaches unstable flow tolerable speed, restriction toflow

E volume near capacity speed in neighborhood is 45km/hr

F forced flow low operating speed

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