trading states of east africa chapter 10 section 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Trading States of East AfricaChapter 10Section 2
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Ezana Ge’ez Lalibela Swahili
Key Terms
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Aksum and Ethiopia
Grew in 1st century Located present day
Ethiopia Askum controlled the
Red Sea Most powerful
kingdom in East Africa
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The Rise of Askum
• Descendants from Arabia• Two main cities– Askum– Adulis
• Kingdom from Ethiopian Highlands to the Red Sea
• Well suited for agriculture
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The Rise of Askum
• Ideal for trade• Access to Indian Ocean• Attracted traders from
Africa’s interior• India, Persia, Egypt• Brought gold,
frankincense, ivory, enslaved Africans
• Exchanged goods for cloth and spices
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Askum at its Height
• Wealthy• Strong military power• King Ezana- 320 reached
its height• Collected tribute from
other leaders• Attacked and defeated
Kush• Askum greatest power in
East Africa
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Culture of Askum
• Diverse culture• 300’s Christianity• Stelae- stone
monument with Erzana’s promise
• Ge’ez- the written and spoken language of Askum
• One of first written languages
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Culture of Askum
Still used in Ethiopian ceremonies
First to mint own coins
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The Decline of Askum
600’s Askum declines Area became Muslim
and Christian Muslims destroyed
Adulis Helped shape
Ethiopian history
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Ethiopia
1100’s Ethiopia is established
Zagwe dynastyKing Lalibela-
ruled during 1200’2 Built 11 stone Christian
churches Carved out of solid rock
Christianity unified Ethiopians
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Ethiopia
• 1270 second dynasty of Christians
• “Glory of the Kings”– Claimed to be
descendants of Hebrew King Solomon and Queen of Sheba
– Solomonid Dynasty
• Fought religious wars• Ruled for 700 years to
1974
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Ethiopia
Jews called Beta Jews lived there
1400 Christian Kings fought Beta Jews
Muslim Arabs called Kingdom of Adal
1300’s Muslim and Christian came into conflict
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Coastal City-States
East coast drew traders
Indian Ocean and Monsoons winds
Blew from India to Africa between November and March
April to October they reverse
Zanj- eastern Africa
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Coastal City-States
• Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa, and Sofala
• Linked oversea traders with interior Africa
• Africa traded raw materials for other goods
• Ivory highly prized• Gold from southern
Africa
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Coastal City-States
• Enslaved Africans from the interior are sold
• Sent to Asia as domestic servants
• Would increase after Europeans
• Reached peak 1300-1400
• Kilwa’s power increased because of trade
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Swahili
Muslim, Arabs, Asians settled in the city-states
Groups intermarried Swahili-blending of
Bantu and Arab words Islam gained a hold on
coastal states Mosques appeared in
towns
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Great Zimbabwe
Shoana people 1100’s Great
Zimbabwe Limpopo and Zambezi
Rivers Now part of Zimbabwe Lay along trade routes Interior mines to city-
states on the coast
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The Great Enclosure
Zimbabwe means stone houses
Great enclosures-35 feet high 180 feet long
No mortar Used as astronomical
observatory
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The Mutapa Empire
Great Zimbawe had 18,000 people
1400’s abandoned the area
1500’s in ruins Mutupa Empire
Based on oral tradition
Mutota founder
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The Mutapa Empire
1400’s gained control of surrounding territory
Called master pillager Mwene Mutapa 1500 controlled
Zimbabwe Exported gold Controlled trade
through its territory