trade union history

7/31/2019 Trade Union History

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PRESENTED BY:


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TRADE UNION

Trade Union means a combination formed for thepurpose of regulating the relations not only

between workmen and employers but also between

workmen and workmen or between employers and

employers

- Trade Union Act 1926


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WHAT IS TRADE UNION

A trade union is an organised group of workers. Its main goal is

to protect and advance the interests of its members

A union often negotiates agreements with employers on pay

and conditions. It may also provide legal and financial advice,

sickness benefits and education facilities to its members

Trade unions aim to represent the interests of people at work

and negotiate with employers for better terms and conditions

for their members


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OBJECTIVES

Representation

Negotiation

Voice in decisions affecting workers Member services

(a) Education and training

(b) Legal assistance

(c) Financial discounts

(d) Welfare benefits


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There are some 164 million trade-union membersworldwide, making trade unions the world's largest 'socialmovement' by far.

Even so, it represents little more than 1-in-20 of theworld's 3 billion-plus workers. The rest often gounrepresented.


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TRADE UNION MOVEMENT

The labour movement is "for the worker", whereas the trade

union movement is "by the worker".

In India, the labour movement started from 1875, when a

number of measures through legislation, administration andwelfare work, were taken by the government, the social

workers and the enlightened employers.

The trade union movement on the other hand, started after

1918, when the workers formed their associations to improvetheir conditions. It is, thus, a part of the 'labour movement'.

which is a much wider term.


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Why the Trade UnionMovement?

Setting up of large-scale industrial units, create conditions of

widespread use of machinery, new lines of production and brought

about changes in working and living environment of workers, and

concentration of industries in large towns.

In the absence of collective action, they were ruthlessly exploited,

and had to work hard for unbelievably long hours, from sunrise to

sunset, in dark and dingy factories and under very tiring conditions

and the protest by individual workers could have no effect on the

employers because of the plentiful supply of labour.

It was this labour protest on an organized scale, through the support

of some philanthropic personalities, that organized labour unions

came to be formed.


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TRADE UNION MOVEMENTGROWTH

Social Welfare Period (1875-1918)

The development of industries led to large-scale production on the one

hand and social evils like employment and exploitation of women and child

labour and the deplorable workable conditions, the governments attitude

of complete indifference in respect of protection of labour from such evils,

on the other.

There was no attempt at collective bargaining or at obtaining 'redress

through concerted action." It was at this juncture that the Indian

humanitarians, like Sorabjee Shapurji Bengali (1875) and N.M. Lokhanday

(in 1884) who themselves were factory workers, drew attention of the

government towards the unhappy working. conditions of the labourers and

demanded an early legislation to protect their interests.

the Indian Factories Act was passed in 1881, and then amended in 1891

and 1911, respectively. These Acts introduced some improvements in

regard to shorter hours, and conditions of work for children and women

labour.


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The memorial demanded: i. a complete day of rest everySaturday; ii. Half an hours rest at noon; iii. Working hour nolonger than 6.30 p.m., which should cease at sunset; iv. Thepayment to injured worker until they recovered together withsuitable compensation, if they are permanently disabled.

Bombay Mill Hands Associationwas followed by:

Amalgamatedsociety ofrailway

Servants

in India,1897

ThePrinters

Union ofCalcutta,

1905

TheMadras and

CalcuttaPostal

Union, 1907

The KamgarHitwardhakSabha 1910


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According to Pandey. the important factors which have helped in the

emergence and growth of the industrial labour movement are:

(1) While the economic hardships of workers have been present as alatent force. The impetus for the growth of labour movement is

provided by the major political currents, particularly movement for

'national independence.

(2) The failure of workers' initial attempts to organise led them to seek

the help of. philanthropists and social workers to generally came from

classes higher in economic and social status.

These associations existed but they were not an organic growth out

of the working class. Workers supported their association when it

suited them such as during, strikes or in order to get benefits from

welfare activities. Otherwise they ignored the associations. Hence,they were usually weak.


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The entire period" on the whole; has been divided into -two:

first, the Regulation Period (1875-1891), when the child and

women labour in factories was, regulated by legislation. suchas the Factories Acts of 1881, and 1891; second, the Abolition

PeHod (1891-1917) when a successful protest was made

against the indentured system under which Indian labourers

were sent out to British colonies to work as plantation labour.

this entire period has been termed as the period of temporary

organisations and a period of labour movement rather than

that of the trade union movement because during this perioda number of loose organisations and social service agencies or

welfare societies came to be set up.


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Early Trade Union Period(1918-1924)

The year 1918 was an important one for the Indian trade union movement.

The rising cost of living prompted the workers to demand reasonable

wages for which purpose they united to take resort to collective action.

The swaraj movement intensified the movement, The success of the

Russian Revolution of 1917 , The non-co-operative movement of Gandhiji

during 1920-21 and his support to the demands of industrial labour also

greatly influenced the working class movement.

The Madras Textile Union was the first union in the modern sense which

was formed in 1918 by B.P. Wadia. Three factors were responsible for its

formation:

1. extremely short interval for mid-day meal,

2. frequent assaults on workers by the European assistants,

3.inadequate wages in the face of rapidly increasing prices.


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Among the political,leaders who entered into the trade union

movement at this time were such national leaders as C:R. Das,Moti Lal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, V.V.

Girl. Besides active Communist leaders like Shripat Amrit

Dange, S.S. Mirajkar, KN. Joglekar, SV. Ghate, Dhundiraj

Thengdi, R.S. Nimbakar, Philip Spratt, and S. Saklatwala.


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Left-Wing Unionism Period (1924-1934)

In 1924, a violent and long-drawn-out strike by unions led to

the arrest, prosecution, conviction and imprisonment of many

communist leaders.

The AITUC emerged as' the sole representative of the Indian

working class.

The rapid growth of the trade unionism was facilitated by

several factors such as:

The growth of anti-imperialist national movement;

The brutal violence and repressive measures let loose by the British

government, particularly the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Rowlatt Act,

The phenomenal profits earned by the capitalists in the face of falling

real wages during the post-war period


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Trade Unions Unity Period (1935-1938) In mid-thirties the state of divided labour movement was natural thought

undesirable and soon after the first split, attempts at trade union unity

began to be made through the efforts of the Roy Group on the basis of a

platform ofunity.

Second World War Period (1939-1945) The Second World War, which broke out in September 1939, created new

strains in the united trade union movement. Again a rift took place in 1941 and the Radicals left the AITUC with nearly

200 unions with a membership of 3,00,000 and formed a new central

federation known as the Indian Federation of Labour

The Post-Independence Period (From 1947 to-date) As pointed out earlier, when attempts to restructure the AITUC failed,

those believing in the aims and ideals other than those of the AITUC

separated from the organization and established the Indian National Trade

Union Congress (INTUC) in May, 1947


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Present Scenario of the TradeUnion Movement

Subtle changes are visible in the pattern of political unionism which

have led to an increasing recognition of the need for consolidating

the gains and a diminished interest in purely political matters. These

changes have manifested in three ways:

1. More emphasis is being paid to labour leadership by giving pointedattention to the improvement of union cadres, finances and training

in official administration.

2. The national federations have shown greater interest in long-term

activities designed to build up personnel and organisational side of

the trade unions, even while maintaining the patterns of rivalry. Nowtrade union federation arranges for the training of workers'

education".

3. There has been a greater recognition in practice of the need for

unions to function as autonomous units rather than simply as

appendages of the political parties."


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Twelve Central Trade UnionOrganizations in India:

1. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)2. Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)3. Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)

4. Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)5. Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)6. Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)7. Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)8. National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)

9. National Labor Organization (NLO)10. Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)11. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and12. United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani (UTUC - LS)


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Names and details of some Unions

in India
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The Indian National TradeUnion Congress (INTUC)

Origin :Came into existence on 4th May, 1948, as a result of the resolution passed on

17th November 1947, by the Central Board of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak

Sangh, which was a labour leader on the Gandhian Philosophy of Sarvodaya.

Objectives :

To establish an order of society which is free from hindrances to an all-

round development of its individual members, which fosters the growth of

human personality in all its aspects, and which goes to the utmost limit in

progressively eliminating social, political or economic exploitation andinequality, the profit motive in the economic activity and organization of

society and the anti-social concentration of power in any form;

to place industry under national ownership and control in a suitable form;

to secure increasing association of workers in the administration of

industry and their full participation in that control;

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All-India Trade UnionCongress (AITUC)

Origin:Founded on 31 October 1920 in Bombay by Lala Lajpat Rai and a

few others and, until 1945 when unions became organised on

party lines, it was the primary trade union organisation in India.

Objectives: to establish a socialist state in India;

to socialize and nationalize means of production, distribution and

exchange;

to improve the economic and social conditions of the working

class;

to watch, promote, and further the interests, rights, and privileges

of the workers in all matters relating to their employment;
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to secure and maintain for the workers the freedom ofspeech, freedom of press, freedom of association freedomof assembly, the right to strike, and the right to work and

maintenance; to co-ordinate the activities of the labour unions affiliated

to the AITUC; to abolish political or economic advantage based on caste,

creed, community, race or religion; to secure and maintain for the workers the right to strike


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United Trade Union Congress(UTUC)

Origin:

Some trade union leaders of the socialist bent met together December

1948 to form a new central organization of labour, called Hind

Mazdoor Sabha

Objectives:

The objectives of the UTUC are: to establish a socialist society in India;

to establish a workers and peasants state in India;

to nationalize and socialize the means of production, distribution and

exchange;

to safeguard and promote the interests, rights, and privileges to the

workers in all matters, social, cultural, economic and political;

to secure and maintain workers freedom of speech, freedom of press,

freedom of association, freedom of assembly, right to strike, right to

work or maintenance and the right to social security;

to bring about unity in the trade union movement.
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Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)Origin:

This union has been the outcome of decision taken by the Jana Sangh in itsConvention at Bhopal on 23rd July, 1954.

Objectives: to establish the Bhartiya order of classless society in which there shall be

secured full employment;

to assist workers in organizing themselves in trade unions as medium of

service to the motherland irrespective of faiths and political affinities;

the right to strike;

to inculcate in the minds of the workers the spirit of service, co-operation

and dutifulness and develop in them a sense of responsibility towards the

nation in general and the industry in particular. The BMS is a productivity-oriented non-political trade union. Its

ideological basis is the triple formula:

nationalize the labour;

labourise the industry;

industrialize the nation;

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National Front of Indian TradeUnions (NFITU)

OriginFounded in 1967, with the claim that this trade union of India is not

controlled by any of the political party, employers or government.

Objectives: To organize and unite trade unions with the object of building up a

National Central Organisation of trade unions, independent ofpolitical parties, employers and the government, to further the

cause of labour and that of national solidarity security and defence

of India, and to make the working people conscious of their right as

well as of obligations in all spheres of life;

To secure to members of trade unions full facilities of recognitionand effective representation of interests of workers and to ensure

for the working people fair conditions of life and service and

progressively to raise their social, economic and cultural state and

conditions;


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To help in every possible way member trade unions in their

fight to raise real wages of the workers; To endeavour to secure for members of affiliated trade unions

adoption of progressive legislation for their welfare and to

ensure the effective environment of the rights and interests of

members of affiliated trade unions and for the working people

in general.

C f d T d U
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Centre of Indian Trade Union(CITU)

Origin

Formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the AITUC, some members ofthe Communist party seceded.

Objectives:

The CITU believes that the exploitation of the working class can be ended

only by socializing all means of production, distribution and exchange and

establishing a socialist state, that is, it stands for the complete

emancipation of the society from all exploitation.

The CITU fights against all encroachments on the economic and social

rights of the workers and the enlargement of their rights and libertiesincluding the right to strike, for winning, defending and extending the

freedom of the democratic trade union movement.
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In the fight for the immediate interest of the working class theCITU demands:

(a) nationalization of all foreign monopoly concerns who

barbarously exploit the working class;

(b) nationalization of all concerns owned by Indian monopolists

and big industry who garner huge profits at the expenses of theworkers, who exploit the people by pegging prices at a high level

and who dictate the anti-labour and anti-people policies of the

government.

The CITU fights against the repressive policy of the

government towards the democratic and trade union

movement;


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CONCLUSION

Trade Union is an important factor of the current

society, as it safeguards the basic interest and needs ofboth the employees as well as employers, by giving

better terms and conditions of employment, secured

jobs, better wages, favorable working environment

which in turn leads to desired profitability.


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trade union history

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