trade and investment in environmental goods · 2019-04-29 · trade–related sdgs goal 1 end...
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Trade and Investment in Environmental Goods
The case of Renewable Energy Technologies and South-South Trade
Anja von Moltke
Head, Trade, Policy and Planning Unit
UNEP Economy and Trade Branch
Trade–Related SDGs
Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
2.b: Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets… in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round.
Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
8.a: Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, particularly LDCs, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for LDCs.
Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
17.10: Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the WTO including through the conclusion of negotiations within its Doha Development Agenda
17.11: Increase significantly the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling the LDC share of global exports by 2020.
17.12: Realize timely implementation of duty-free, quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all least developed countries consistent with WTO decisions…
Indirectly related to trade Directly related to trade Explicit mention of trade
Shifting global context of international trade
Population Growth 7 billion consuming and producing on the
planet – soon another 3 billion
Integration Unprecedented increase in global integration and global value chains due to technological advance, reduction of tariffs, and capital mobility
Fragmentation Increasing fragmentation of trade and investment
Environmental challenges Increasing environmental challenges (climate
change, air pollution, heath, natural resource extraction) also with trade impacts
- Green economy trade opportunities in six sectors in developing countries
- How trade-related challenges can be addressed sustainably
- How to develop national capacity for the transition to a green economy
-> Trade in EGS is expected to grow to US$1.9 trillion by 2020 .
Green Economy Trade Opportunities Project
South-South Trade Report
Developing countries have have become net
exporters of renewable energy goods
Source: UN Comtrade data, UNEP analysis
Developing countries’ Balance of Trade in Selected RE Products,
2004-2012 (US$ millions)
South-South trade makes up a large portion of
some sectors of global RE trade
Source: UN Comtrade data, UNEP analysis
South-South Trade as a Share of Global Trade by Sector
2004-2012 (%)
Asian developing countries are the largest
players in South-South trade
Source: UN Comtrade data, UNEP analysis
Participation of China and Other Countries in South-South exports
2008-2012 (%)
A Number of Countries are Emerging as
Increasingly Significant Importers of Solar PV
Source: UN Comtrade data, UNEP analysis
Solar PV Cells and Modules Exported to Developing Country
Markets
2009-2012 (US$ millions, % of total)
• GE-TOP Ghana: Assess opportunities for solar
energy exports to West African Power Pool region
• Considerable solar electricity generation potential:
– Generate up to 167,200 GWh of solar electricity
annually with an installed capacity of 106 GWp
South-South Trade in Practice –
GE-TOP Ghana
Source: Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/BNEF. 2015. Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2015
Developing countries increasingly drive RE markets
US$ 131 billion invested in RE in 2014
Investment in RE - global trends
• Global investment in clean energy rose 17% in 2014
to US$270 billion
• RE investment overall increased by six times since
2004
•Global fossil fuel subsidies: USD 300 billion 2007, USD 544 in 2012; six times more than subsidies to renewables
•Phasing out global fossil fuel subsidies by 2020 could
•Reduce global primary energy demand by 5 %
•Reduce energy-related CO2 emissions by 5.8 %
Source: Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/BNEF. 2015. Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2015
Three golden rules to mobilizing finance
• Create a level playing field
• Allow for easy market access
• Mitigate the investment risk (politically, regulatory)
How to stimulate Finance and Investment in
Renewable Energy Financing
Trade in EGS can create new opportunities
Access to affordable environmental goods, creation of services
Integration into GVC and growth in green industries
Regional production, trade and investment in EGS.
Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation and Resource
Efficiency
.
Powerful signal
EGA can be a powerful signal to
setting and implementing the
post 2015 agenda and to climate
summit.
If … :
- Environmental credibility
- Future extension
- Inclusiveness
- Capacity building
Thank you!