TRACKING LEADING KERNING

The letterspacing - distance between characters - is controlled by tracking, leading and kerning.

TRACKINGTracking is the space applied consistently throughout the entire word or across a line or block of text.

Tracking affects the overall character density of the text. It makes a single word, a line or a block of text seem more airy. Other than the actual effect that it could have on readability of type, tracking would be used

to make lines of type equals in length. Tracking will help to eliminate widows and orphans in paragraphs.

(Widows are when the final line of a paragraph begins a new column or page. Orphans are when paragraphs end in single words, part of words or a short phrase that seems out of place.)

How to Adjust Tracking in Photoshop

In the character palette in Photoshop, you can change the tracking by adjusting the number in the field below kerning. You can select the text you wish to alter and hold down the option

key, pressing the directional arrows to adjust.

LEADINGLeading is the space applied vertically between lines of type.

Adjusting the leading is also a very useful way of saving or using space on a page. Leading can also be used to change the aesthetics of a block of text when dealing with a

typographic design.

How to Adjust Leading in Photoshop

To adjust the leading of your font in Photoshop, open the character palette and then Character. Here change the number in the leading field. The leading field is next to the type size. Don’t forget

to highlight the text you want to change before adjusting it.

KERNINGKerning is the space applied between two letters.

Set too closely together, words are unreadable; set too far apart, and they're awkward to read. Worse yet, if some letters have wider spacing and others narrower, it can be frustrating for

someone to read without fully understanding what’s wrong.

How to Adjust Kerning in Photoshop

You can adjust the kerning of a font in Photoshop through the same character palette that you use for leading. The kerning field is below the type size. Just place the cursor between the letters you want to

kern and change the number on the kerning field.

FUNCTION

The function of typography is very simple - to communicate.

The beauty of typography is the diversity within forming letters that convey different emotions, tones, gestures and feelings once put together in a specific context.

The tone of typography can be portrayed in many different ways purely through the use of carefully selected

font-faces.

LEGIBILITY depends on type size and shape, space between

letters, words and lines, contrast of letters outline, colour,… so the

print production can offer the reader the most comfort scenario.

TASK 1 1.3) PROJECTChoose 1 of the previously typefaces to work with.

You will create a poster designed only with that typeface. Work with bits of text from your essay to compose the poster and play with it in a manner the form of letters or words communicate or alter its meaning. To achieve this you must:

• Think on the relationship between words and its meaning: black, bold, thin,

italic, CAPITAL LETTERS, lowercase, BIG, small, large, condensed. • Use different font sizes and styles (regular, bold, thin, condensed, extra

light,…) and variations in spacing and alignment: leading, kerning, tracking, line length, orientation, align to left/ right, justify…

Rules for this task: the poster must be entirely typographic (= no image). You can use different colours.Final Presentation: MAY 25 A PDF document must be submitted with the Final Artwork + A3 print of the poster finished to the highest standards.