Name Date

Science Test: Respiration System Diagraming and Labeling Directions: Label the following parts of the respiration system on the diagram below: Trachea Bronchial Tube Diaphragm Nasal Passage

Bronchioles Larynx Pharynx Alveoli

Multiple Choice Directions: Select the answer that best fits the question.

1. When fighting a cold, your body produces ____________________, which help fight against the virus.

a. Cells b. Substances

c. Antibodies d. Capillaries

2. The _____________ are/is the main organ(s) in the respiration system.

a. diaphragm b. lungs c. bronchioles d. ribs

3. During ________________ you take in ______________________ and during ____________________

you breathe out ________________________.

a. exhalation/oxygen; inhalation/carbon dioxide b. exhalation/carbon dioxide; inhalation/oxygen c. inhalation/oxygen; exhalation/carbon dioxide d. inhalation/carbon dioxide; exhalation/oxygen

4. What part of the respiration system protects the lungs?

a. Mouth b. Epiglottis c. Larynx d. Ribs

Matching Directions: Match the part to its correct function.

1. Nasal Passage

2. Bronchioles

3. Epiglottis

4. Larynx

5. Pharynx

6. Trachea

7. Alveoli

8. Bronchial Tube

9. Diaphragm

a. Muscle that contracts when a person inhales and relaxes when a person exhales

b. “voice box”; includes the vocal cords which vibrate, creating the sound which is your voice

c. Opening where air enters and exits; lined with cilia

d. Flap of cartilage that opens to permit air to pass through the trachea

e. Air sacs found at the end of the

bronchioles

f. Back of the throat where clean, warm air passes through.

g. “windpipe”

h. Where the trachea branches off into

two passageways.

i. Smaller tubes that have air sacs found at their ends.

Word Bank Directions: Read each sentence, placing the correct vocabulary term in the blanks provided. tar exchange increases capacity capillaries respiration smoking cilia 1. is the mechanical process of bring oxygen into the body and removing toxins through exhaling. 2. The amount of air your lungs can hold is defined as one’s lung . 3. The of gases occurs at the think blood vessels, or

____________________, surrounding the air sacs found in the lungs.

4. When your body is in need of more oxygen—due to exercise—your breathing rate . 5. negatively effects our lung health, as it contains over 4,000 chemicals

that are harmful to our bodies.

6. Over time, can form and stick to the inside of our lungs and specifically

the , the tiny hairs that help to filter dust.

Inquiry Directions: Compare the two experimental trials of two different individual’s breathing rates. Individual A Individual B 1. Name two factors that could have influenced Individual B’s breathing rate to be so significantly different from Individual A’s.

2. Assuming Individual B was a smoker; identify two other effects smoking would have on his/her respiration system.

At Rest Skipping Dancing Running Trial 1 14 35 44 72 Trial 2 12 42 53 68 Total 26 77 97 140

Average Breathing Rate

13 36 ½ 46 ½ 70

At Rest Skipping Dancing Running Trial 1 21 65 32 101 Trial 2 23 65 35 98 Total 44 130 67 199

Average Breathing Rate

22 65 36 ½ 84 ½

Reading Response Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

With Lung Cancer, the Victims Get the Blame By Chicago Tribune Dec. 3, 2013

CHICAGO — November was Lung Cancer Awareness Month, but you’d never know it. In October, NFL players or coaches wore pink for breast cancer. Some people say the color blue should be worn to support the cause to stop lung cancer. No one in the NFL wore blue in November. “It just doesn’t seem fair,” said Meghan O’Brien, 31, a nonsmoker diagnosed with the worst level of the disease last year.

The lack of buzz is especially strange because lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It claims more lives than breast, pancreatic, and several other cancers combined. Only 16 percent of people who get it live more than five years. And that number has barely changed since 1975, according to the American Cancer Society.

Nonsmokers Get Lung Cancer, Too But lung cancer is seen as a tobacco-related illness that patients are to blame for. About 10 to 15 percent of the roughly 228,000 people diagnosed with the disease each year were never smokers, according to the LUNGevity Foundation, a support organization.

The negative view of lung cancer affects everything from emotional support to the weak November awareness campaign. Even in death announcements, family members feel the need to say that the dead person was a nonsmoker, so the deceased isn't unfairly judged.

Nowhere is the difference felt more powerfully than in funding research. The National Cancer Institute estimates that the government spends $17,835 on research for breast cancer for each person who dies of the disease. But only $1,378 is spent on research for each person who dies of lung cancer, even though lung cancer accounts for almost 23,000 deaths annually among nonsmokers.

No Pink Ribbons, Or Blue Ribbons, Or Pearl Not that it’s easy to build awareness. Forget the pink marketing blitz; just try to find a ribbon for lung cancer. There’s even a dispute over the appropriate color, according to Andrea Ferris, president of the LUNGevity Foundation, who says it’s blue. Others say it’s clear or pearl.

“In every other disease, the first question people ask is, ‘How can I help?’ But with lung cancer, there’s no empathy. It’s always, ‘Did you smoke?’ After a while, it’s just easier not to say anything,” Ferris said. In O’Brien’s case, doctors pinpointed a rare genetic mutation, called ALK. The mutation, or change in the genes, is created when two normal genes fuse together to form a new, cancer-causing one.

Meghan O'Brien, seen in an undated handout photograph, during one of her many hospitalizations over the last 15 months. She is a nonsmoker who is battling stage 4 lung cancer. Photo: Courtesy Meghan O'Brien via Chicago Tribune/MCT

The University of Chicago is one of the nation’s major treatment centers because it is testing a drug designed to help patients by blocking ALK. This drug helped contain O’Brien’s cancer for a while, but now it has come roaring back, invading her lungs and brain. Two months ago, a scan revealed a liver studded with tumors.

She is now in another early stage clinical trial. She has started a blog to chronicle her lung cancer journey. “I try not to get too mad when people ask if I smoked,” she said. “Instead, I try to turn it into an opportunity to talk about it … to educate. I guess that’s the teacher in me.”

Healthy Habits Even so, O’Brien immediately recited her good health habits: Physical education teacher. Enthusiastic tennis player. An “almost vegetarian” who hasn’t rolled through a fast-food window since age 13. No cigarettes, ever. At first she had experienced back pain. But in May 2012 it became unbearable. She went ahead with X-rays, but the results were unclear.

By the end of summer she had landed a full-time job teaching physical education at a high school. She now had the money to move out of her parents’ home and into her own apartment.

However, just as her “grown-up life” was taking off, it splintered apart. Doctors at first thought she might have a different disease. On the first day of her new job, she went to her neighborhood clinic. The physician took one look at her test results and sent her to the emergency room. Two weeks later, a doctor confirmed that she had stage 4 lung cancer, and that it was already assaulting other organs.

Tumors Around the Spinal Cord O’Brien spent most of the next four months in the hospital. Before she could start therapy, she needed to have tumors that were wrapped around her spinal cord removed. Doctors also took out several of the vertebrae in her back, replacing them with titanium rods and screws.

After she was sent home, O’Brien couldn't keep her full-time teaching job. O’Brien’s eyes glistened with tears as she ticked off her unfulfilled dreams — having a profession, getting married, having kids, buying a home. The most insulting thing, she said, “is when people ask, ‘Are you sure you never smoked?’ As if I forgot.”

Not that anyone deserves the deadly disease. It wasn’t so long ago that the military dispensed cigarettes to soldiers, and many lung cancer patients kicked the smoking habit years ago, she said. “But it doesn’t matter. ... People still think it’s your fault.” Questions:

1. Which quote from the article DOES NOT demonstrate how the world negatively views individuals with lung cancer?

a. “November was Lung Cancer Awareness Month, but you’d never know it.” b. “Before she could start therapy, she needed to have tumors that were wrapped around her spinal

cord removed.” c. “In every other disease, the first question people ask is, ‘How can I help?’ But with lung cancer,

there’s no empathy. It’s always, ‘Did you smoke?’” d. “But only $1,378 is spent on research for each person who dies of lung cancer, even though lung

cancer accounts for almost 23,000 deaths annually among nonsmokers.”

2. Read the following quote:

“In every other disease, the first question people ask is, ‘How can I help?’ But with lung cancer, there’s no empathy. It’s always, ‘Did you smoke?’” The word empathy most closely means: (a) enjoyment (b) understanding (c) indifference (d) praise

3. Why did the author(s) of this article add information about O’Brien’s personal life under the subheading “Healthy Habits”? What was their purpose in doing so?

4. What do you think was the authors’ purpose for writing this entire article? a. To make readers feel bad for O’Brien’s situation. b. To inform readers of the reasons why they should not smoke. c. To persuade readers to donate money to charity. d. To inform readers of the struggles the lung cancer community has.

5. Read the following sentence:

“O’Brien’s eyes glistened with tears as she ticked off her unfulfilled dreams — having a profession, getting married, having kids, buying a home.” Below is the following dictionary definition of the verb tick: tick | tik | verb [1] make regular or short, sharp sounds typically one for every second of time that passes [2] mark with a check mark, typically to shown it has been chosen, checked, approved or dealt with [3] to proceed or show progress

Based on the given definitions, which definition most closely matches the meaning used in the sentence:

a. definition [1] b. definition [2] c. definition [3]

2. The _____________ are/is the main organ(s) in the respiration system.

a. diaphragm b. lungs c. bronchioles d. ribs

3. During ________________ you breathe in ______________________ and during

____________________ you breathe out ________________________.

a. exhalation/carbon dioxide; inhalation/oxygen b. inhalation/oxygen; exhalation/carbon dioxide

4. What part of the respiration system protects the lungs?

a. Mouth b. Epiglottis c. Larynx d. Ribs

Matching Directions: Match the part to its correct function.

1. Nasal Passage

2. Bronchioles

3. Epiglottis

4. Larynx

a. “voice box”; includes the vocal cords which vibrate, creating the sound which is your voice

b. Opening where air enters and exits; lined with cilia

c. Flap of cartilage that opens to

permit air to pass through the trachea

d. Smaller tubes that have air sacs

found at their ends.

1. Pharynx

2. Trachea

3. Alveoli

4. Bronchial Tube

5. Diaphragm

a. Muscle that contracts when a person inhales and relaxes when a person exhales

b. Air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles

c. Back of the throat where clean,

warm air passes through.

d. “windpipe”

e. Where the trachea branches off into two passageways.

Fill-in-the Blank Directions: Read each sentence, circling the correct vocabulary terms. 1. ( Lungs / Breathing ) is the mechanical process of bringing oxygen into the body and removing toxins through exhaling. 2. The amount of air your lungs can hold is defined as one’s lung ( capacity / weight ). 4. The ( breathing / exchange ) of gases occurs at the tiny blood vessels, or (capillaries, trachea) surrounding the air sacs found in the lungs. 5. When your body is in need of more oxygen—due to exercise—your breathing rate ( increases / decreases ). 6. ( Smoking / Exercise ) negatively effects our lung health, as it contains over 4,000 chemicals that are harmful to our bodies.

7. Over time, ( tar / mold ) can form and stick to the inside of our lungs and specifically the (

epiglottis / cilia ), the tiny hairs that help to filter dust.

Reading Response Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

With Lung Cancer, the Victims Get the Blame By Chicago Tribune Dec. 3, 2013

CHICAGO — November was Lung Cancer Awareness Month, but you’d never know it. In October, NFL players or coaches wore pink for breast cancer. Some people say the color blue should be worn to support the cause to stop lung cancer. No one in the NFL wore blue in November.

“It just doesn’t seem fair,” said Meghan O’Brien, 31, a nonsmoker diagnosed with the worst level of the disease last year.

The lack of attention is especially strange because lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It claims more lives than breast, pancreatic and many other cancers combined. Only about one out of every six people who get it live more than five years.

People Blame Patients But people think lung cancer is caused only by smoking. So, people blame the patients for getting the disease.

Roughly 228,000 people are diagnosed with the disease each year. But as many as one out of every six of them were never smokers, says the LUNGevity Foundation. LUNGevity is a group that gives money to find a cure for lung cancer.

Because lung cancer is thought of badly, it affects everything. There's less emotional support for people who have the disease. Even in death announcements, family members sometimes say that the dead person was a nonsmoker. They don't want the person who passed away to be thought of in a bad way.

It's very hard to find money to pay for research to find a cure for lung cancer. The National Cancer Institute says that the government spends $17,835 on research for breast cancer for each person who dies of the disease. But only $1,378 is spent on research for each person who dies of lung cancer.

Hard To Make People Aware Those numbers are surprising since almost 23,000 nonsmokers die of lung cancer each year.

But it’s not easy to build awareness. There isn't even a ribbon for lung cancer. People aren't even sure what the right color is, says Andrea Ferris, president of the LUNGevity Foundation. She says it’s blue. Others say it’s clear or pearl.

Meghan O'Brien, seen in an undated handout photograph, during one of her many hospitalizations over the last 15 months. She is a nonsmoker who is battling stage 4 lung cancer. Photo: Courtesy Meghan O'Brien via Chicago Tribune/MCT

“In every other disease, the first question people ask is, ‘How can I help?’ But with lung cancer, there’s no empathy. It’s always, ‘Did you smoke?’ After a while, it’s just easier not to say anything,” Ferris said.

In O’Brien’s case, doctors found a problem with her genes, called a mutation. Genes determine what we look like or if we get diseases. The mutation O'Brien has happens when two normal genes join together to form a new one. This mutation causes cancer.

O'Brien started taking a drug designed to help block the mutation. It worked for a while. But now the disease has come roaring back, invading her lungs and brain.

Asked If She Smoked

She has started a blog to describe her lung cancer journey. “I try not to get too mad when people ask if I smoked,” she said. “Instead, I try to turn it into an opportunity to talk about it … to educate. I guess that’s the teacher in me.”

Even so, O’Brien immediately listed her good health habits: Physical education teacher. Regular tennis player. She hasn't eaten fast food since age 13. No cigarettes, ever. Two weeks after starting a new job, she was told that she had lung cancer. And it was attacking her other organs.

Missing Out On Having A Family O’Brien spent most of the next four months in the hospital. She needed to have tumors removed from her spinal cord and doctors took out several of the vertebrae in her back. They replaced them with metal rods and screws.

After she was sent home, O’Brien couldn't keep her new teaching job.

O’Brien’s eyes tear up as she thinks of her unfulfilled dreams. These are things like having a good job, getting married, having kids, and buying a home. The worst insult, she said, “is when people ask, ‘Are you sure you never smoked?’ As if I forgot.”

Questions 1. Read the following quote:

“In every other disease, the first question people ask is, ‘How can I help?’ But with lung cancer, there’s no empathy. It’s always, ‘Did you smoke?’ The word empathy most closely means: (a) enjoyment (b) understanding (c) dislike (d) sadness

2. Identify three things from the last section that O’Brien is going to miss out on because she is sick.

3. What does O’Brien think is the worst insult? a. People who smoke around her. b. Being asked if she forgot if she ever smoked. c. Getting to educate individuals on her situation. d. None of the above.

4. What do you think was the authors’ purpose for writing this article?

a. To make readers feel bad for O’Brien’s situation. b. To inform readers of the reasons why they should not smoke. c. To persuade readers to donate money to charity. d. To inform readers of the struggles the lung cancer community has.

6. Read the following sentences:

“Even so, O’Brien immediately listed her good health habits: Physical education teacher. Regular tennis player. She hasn't eaten fast food since age 13. No cigarettes, ever. ” Below is the following dictionary definition of the noun habit: habit | habit | noun [1] a way of behaving that is repeated often [2] a long, loose garment worn by a member or a religious group

Based on the given definitions, which definition most closely matches the meaning used in the sentence:

a. definition [1] b. definition [2]

Bonus: What is the plural of cilia?

About how many liters of air do you breathe in and out of your lung every minute?

How many years does it take a cigarette butt to biodegrade?

Explain how you hiccup.