TQMTQMTotal Quality Management toolsTotal Quality Management tools

Pareto PrinciplePareto Principle Most effects come from few causes.Most effects come from few causes. Pareto rule: 80% of the problems come from 20% of the Pareto rule: 80% of the problems come from 20% of the

causescauses Therefore effort aimed at the right 20% can solve 80% of the Therefore effort aimed at the right 20% can solve 80% of the

problems. problems. General use, to decide where to apply initial effort for General use, to decide where to apply initial effort for

maximum effect.maximum effect.

Scatter PlotsScatter Plots

A scatter plot is effectively a line graph with no line. The Y A scatter plot is effectively a line graph with no line. The Y

axis is conventionally used for the characteristic whose axis is conventionally used for the characteristic whose behaviour we would like to predict. behaviour we would like to predict.

Use, to define the area of relationship between two variables.Use, to define the area of relationship between two variables.

Check ListsCheck Lists

A Checklist contains items that are important A Checklist contains items that are important to a specific situation. to a specific situation.

Checklists are used under operational Checklists are used under operational conditions to ensure that all important steps or conditions to ensure that all important steps or actions have been taken.actions have been taken.

Generally used to check that all aspects of a Generally used to check that all aspects of a situation have been taken into account before situation have been taken into account before action or decision making. Simple, effective.action or decision making. Simple, effective.

Histogram or Bar GraphHistogram or Bar Graph

A Histogram is a graphic summary of variation in a set of data. A Histogram is a graphic summary of variation in a set of data. Can be analysed to draw conclusions about the data set.Can be analysed to draw conclusions about the data set.

Flow ChartsFlow Charts

Pictures, symbols or text coupled with lines, arrows on lines Pictures, symbols or text coupled with lines, arrows on lines

show direction of flow.show direction of flow. Enables modelling of processes,problems,etc.Enables modelling of processes,problems,etc. Develops a common understanding of a process by those Develops a common understanding of a process by those

involved. involved.