toyota mirai - metrohyve...super capacitor geographical capacity constraints source: iea energy...
TRANSCRIPT
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Toyota MiraiIntroduction/Background 24/01/2018
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World Leaders Agreement – COP21 Paris
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Forecast International Climate ChangeAnnual greenhouse gas emissions
(1,000 Tg CO2 Eq./year)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Source: From the IPCC Working Group III 5th Assessment Report (2014)
Full-scale initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions Zero or less
Baseline scenario(+3.7~4.8℃)
(RCP8.5)
Below 2℃ scenario(RCP2.6)
Regarding GHG emissions, there is no time to lose
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Environmental Challenges
AIR QUALITYCLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY SECURITY
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Energy Security
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Future Vision: HyGrid (Hybrid Hydrogen – Electricity Grid)
Biomass
Wastewater
Renewable
Energy
HV
Refineries/
chemical plants
Urban/
residential
Fossil fuels
FC busAutomotive
fuel
Hydrogen
tanksHigh-volume,
long-term storage
Electrolysis
Chemical
plants
Urban/
residential
FCVHydrogen Grid
Power generation units
EV/PHV
Electricity
storage
facilities
Thermal
power generation
Photovoltaic
generation
Wind powerElectricity Grid
Hydrogen - Electricity
Conversion
Urban/ residential Industry
Source: HyGrid Study Group HP
Electricity
Energy Flow
HydrogenFossil fuels
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Using Hydrogen as a Storage for Renewables
Ba
tte
ry
Hydrogen storage1Compressed air
Fly
-wh
ee
l Pumped Hydro Storage
Super
capacitor
Geographical
capacity constraints
Source: IEA Energy Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, JRC Scientific and Policy report 2013
1 IEA data updated due to recent developments in
building numerous 1MW hydrogen storage tanks
Hydrogen is most
promising for long-term
and carbon-free
seasonal storage
Minute
10 GW
1GW
100 MW
10 MW
1 MW
100 kW
10 kW
1 kW
Hour Day Week Season
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Hydrogen: Versatile, 0-Emission Energy Carrier
ZEROcarbon footprint
potential
LONGdistance transport
HIGHenergy density
SERVESas feedstock in industry
using CCU
CLEANpower and/or heat
Biomass
Batteries
H2
Urea
+ many
others
MethanolMethane
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FCVs are essential for decarbonising transport
100
1,000+10
10,000+
10
0.1
1,000
1
100
Weig
ht
(tons)
Small cars/urban mobility2
1
1
Medium to large cars²,
fleets and taxis
Light commercial vehicles
Source: Toyota, Hyundai, Daimler
Bubble size represents relative annual
energy consumption of this type in 2013
Bio- and (H2-based) synthetic fuels
FCV
BEV
1 Battery-hydrogen hybrid to ensure sufficient power
2 Split in A- and B-segment LDVs (small cars) and
C+-segment LDVs (medium to large cars) based
on a 30% market share of A/B-segment cars and a
50% less energy demand
Average mileage per day/trip (km)
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Mirai is not a car, it’s a symbol
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Developing Hydrogen FCV for 20 years
1996 1999 2002 2005 2011 201520092001
FCV-R Fuel Mirai
precursor
FCHV Toyota-made tanks,
1st FCV homologated
FCHV-4 Fuel Hydrogen stored in
high-pressure tanks
FCEV Fuel H2 Stored in
adsorbing alloy
MiraiRevolutionary
Titanium stack,
3.1 kW/L world record
FCHV-adv Fuel New stack,
stainless
steel cells
FCHV-5 Fuel Hydrogen generated
on-board by reforming
on gasoline
FCHV-3 Fuel Hydrogen
(adsorbing alloy)
1992
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Toyota 2050 Challenge
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Toyota 2050 Challenge
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Challenge 1: New Vehicle Zero CO2 Emissions Challenge
90% reduction
2010 2050
Avera
ge n
ew
vehic
le C
O2
(TtW
)
90% reduction of new vehicle CO2 emissions by 2050compared to 2010
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Toyota’s Answer – Mirai, the obvious next step
Akio Toyoda
We had a kind of
feeling that
“we could do it
with the HYBRID,
why not the FUEL
CELL VEHICLE?”
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0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
1 M
5 M
10 million
1.5 million HV’s
every year
Hybrid Global Sales
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Growth of HV in EuropeT
oyo
ta+
Lexu
s H
yb
rid
Sale
s M
ix i
n E
uro
pe 50.0%
45.0%
40.0%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
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Toyota FCV sales plan in 2020
GLOBALTARGET: More than 30,000/year around 2020
2015: 700 vehicles/year
2016: ~2,000 vehicles/year
2017: ~3,000 vehicles/year
2018: ~3,000 vehicles/year
2019: ~3,000 vehicles/year
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Mirai
Mirai= “Future” in Japanese
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Mix of powertrains required to achieve 90% CO2
reduction.
Electrification will increase dramatically after 2020
Sales
volume
2010 2020 2050
CO2
CO2
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The Journey to Sustainable Mobility• The right car, at the right place, at the right time, using the right source of
energy: A mix of sources.
Gasoline,diesel
Gaseousfuels
BiofuelsSynthetic
fuelsElectricity Hydrogen
CO2 reduction Air
quality
Energy
diversityHybrid
technology
Sustainable Mobility
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Using hybrid technology for Plug-In, EV and Fuel Cell
PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC FUEL CELLHYBRID
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Reduced number of cells in FC stack
Common use of hybrid units
FC boost converter
★FC stack
Innovative flow channel structure
and Electrodes of cells for higher output
Output/volume; 3.1kW/L
Humidifier less
Internal circulation
★High pressurehydrogen tank
The light weight structure of
carbon fiber reinforced plastic enabled
Storage; 5.7 wt%*
world top level world top level
*Hydrogen mass/Tank mass
FC main components developed in-houseto achieve world leading performance
Fuel Cell Components
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Warranty Period like any other
Toyota hybrid
Fuel tank
FC stack
HV battery
Drive motor
HV Inverter
HV booster
3 years /
100,000 km
Standard warranty
for all general parts
and components
5 years /
100,000 km
Extended warranty
for all hydrogen and
high voltage parts