toxicology “the science of poisons”
DESCRIPTION
Toxicology “The science of poisons”. Catalina Marambio Jones Major lesson 3, May 30 th. Toxicology research. Paracelsus (1493-1541) "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous.“ Orfila (1787-1853), father of the toxicology. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Toxicology“The science of poisons”
Catalina Marambio JonesMajor lesson 3, May 30th
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Toxicology research
• Paracelsus (1493-1541) "All things are poison, and nothing is
without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous.“
• Orfila (1787-1853), father of the toxicology
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Death of Socrates, painted by Jacques Louis David (1787)
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Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
• coniine• 100 mg can be fatal• 6-8 fresh leaves or
even less amount of seeds and roots
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"The Death of Cleopatra," painted in 1892 by Reginald Arthur
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Egyptian cobra (Naja haje)
• Injects 175-300 mg of venom in one bite.
• Stops nerve signals• Respiratory failure
in 10 min.
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The Borgias in the italian Renaissance
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“The Cantarella poison”
• Arsenic, copper, and phosphorus.
• Cantharidin• Blistering agent and
chemical burns.• As little as 10 mg is
potentially fatal.
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TCDD poisoning
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Chemical and biological warfareWorld war I
World war II, Approximately 4 million people were murderer in gas chambers.
Iran-Iraq war Genocide against the Kurdish people,
approximately 5000 people were killed.
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Toxicology in the news
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Accidental poisoning in the news
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"Toxicology is the study of the adverse physicochemical effects of chemical, physical or biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and
amelioration of such adverse effects."
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Risk assessment
Reference: www.riskbites.com
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First: what is the potential to cause harm ?
Reference: www.riskbites.com
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Second: are we in contact with the hazard? , how much?
Reference: www.riskbites.com
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Third: Connecting hazard and exposure
Reference: www.riskbites.com
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Fourth: Calculating the risk
Reference: www.riskbites.com
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Hazard
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Hazard but no exposure
Reference: http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxiq2rz8el1qkzk87o1_500.jpg
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Hazard and exposure
Reference: http://www.freakingnews.com/pictures/62000/Shark-Attacks-Sleeping-Surfer--62036.jpg
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Dose response curve
Dose
Resp
onse
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Dose response curve
100%
50%
0%20 40 60 80 100 110 120 140 160 180 200
Threshold
Dose ( for example mg/Kg)
Resp
onse
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Dose response curve
100%
50%
0%20 40 60 80 100 110 120 140 160 180 200
LD50 or ED50 Threshold
Dose ( for example mg/Kg)
Resp
onse
(fo
r exa
mpl
e m
orta
lity)
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How much is too much? -Dose response
A bit of shark…….
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• A bit more………
How much is too much? -Dose response
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• Now you are playing with your luck….
How much is too much? -Dose response
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Going over the threshold……
How much is too much? -Dose response
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Finally a response!!!!
How much is too much? -Dose response
Reference: www.sharkmans-world.eu
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Think-pair share
1. What is more toxic?
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Think-pair share2. What is the therapeutic index?
100%
50%
0%20 40 60 80 100 110 120 140 160 180 200
Dose (mg/Kg)
Mortality
Anti-inflammatory
Popu
latio
n sh
owin
g t
he re
spon
se (%
)
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Experimental part
Record: concentration and number of shrimp alive after exposure.
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Questions?
See you tomorrow!