toxemia in pregnancy

8/12/2019 Toxemia in Pregnancy

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Toxemia in

Pregnancy


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Toxemia in Pregnancy-a condition in which theblood contains toxins produced by body cells at alocal source of infection or derived from the growth

of microorganisms. Also calledblood poisoning. -an outdated medical term for hypertension

with proteiniuria during pregnancy.

-it is a serious condition and may affect the

pregnant woman during the second half ofpregnancy. It can affect 3% out of 8% of pregnant.


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Signs and Symptoms of Preeclampsia

Edema-one of the common symptom of toxemia involvesswelling in hands and face ,including the area of the face .But many pregnant woman experience edema withouthaving preeclampsia.

Sudden Weight Gain-it is a sudden weight gain thatamounts to more than 2lbs.in a single week.

Vision Problems-sudden visual problems. The severity ofthis symptoms can range from blurry spots to thetemporary loss of vision .Sudden changes in eyesight cansignal the presence of swelling in the brain.


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High Blood Pressure sudden or gradual increase ofBlood Pressure if B/P 140/90 or more than 20 weeks.

Upper Abdominal Pain-main experience painfulsensation in their upper abdomen. Watch for discomfort

or pain that seems to come from under your ribcage,particularly on the right side. This may seem to extendinto shoulder.

Proteinuria - excessive protein in urine. Damage vesselsin kidneys cause protein from blood to leak into urine.Decrease in urine output and changes in the color ofurine. Dark urine , reddish urine.

Headache-frequent bouts of throbbing headaches(migraine-like)that dont seem to go away. Specially

when you already had taken OTC medication.


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Rapid Heart Beat,Difficulty in breating , Mentalconfusion.


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Causes of Toxemia in Pregnancy(who are at risk

for Preeclampsia?)

woman in their pregnancy

woman carrying multiple fetus

woman over 40 years old

diagnosed of high blood pressure

teenage mother younger 20 years old

maternal history of preeclampsia and

woman eating disorder


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Medical discription

Uterine ischemia

Inflammation

Angiologies

Prostacyclin/tromboxane imbalance(ASA)

Insuficient blood flow to theuterus.

Excessive maternal inflammatory

response to pregnancy. Factors regulating the formation

of new blood vessels in theplacenta are over produced whichin turn affect the blood vessels

health in the mother leading tohypertension or kidney damage.

Disruption of balance ofhormones that maintain thediameter of the blood vessels.

Theories of cause of preeclampsia


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Endothelial activation

and Dysfunction

Calcium defeciency

Hemodynamic vascularinjury

Damage to the lining of theblood vessels that keeps blood

from clothing and regulateselasticity of the blood vessels.

Calcium helps maintain bloodvessels normal blood pressuredeficiency may lead to

increases blood pressure.

Injury to the blood vesselsdue to excessive blood flow orpressure.


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Existing maternalcondition

Immunologicalactivation

The mother has undiagnosedhigh blood pressure or other

pre-existing problems such asdiabetes, lupus sickle celldisorder , hyperthyroidism ,kidney disorder.

The mothers immune systemmistakenly responds as if

damage has occured to theblood vessels , and trying tofix the injury actually makesthe problem worse.


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Nutritional deficiencies

Obesity

Genetic tendency

Insuficient protein ,

excessive protein, fishoil, vit.D and other dietfactor.

Hereditarytransmission.


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How can affect the mother?

-Eclampsiais a severe it leads to seizures in themother.

-HELLP syndrome (hemolysis , elevated liver

enzymes , and low platelete count) -it is usually occuring late in pregnancy that affects

the breakdown of red blood cells , how the bloodclots , and liver function for the pregnant woman.


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How preeclampsia affect the baby?

-prematurity-Intrauterine Growth Restriction(IUGR)-reduce blood flow to the placenta restricts the supply offood to the baby and result in a shortage of food resultmalnourished an IUGR or SGA.

-acidosisthe baby survives in the womb by receivingnutrients and oxygen through the placenta. Preeclampsiacompromises' the placenta and the babys body begins torestrict blood flow to its limbs , kidney and stomach in aneffort to preserve the vital supply to the brain and heart.Should baby's oxygen reserve become depleted the baby's

body can extract energy from its fuel supplies withoutoxygen . However process generates lactic acid . If toomuch lactic acid build up the baby develop acidosis

become unconscious and stop moving.


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Death Stillbirths from eclampsia , babies die in uteroafter 20 weeks of gestation

Ongoing life challenges preeclampsia has been linkedto a host of lifelong challenges for infants born

prematurely among them learning , disorder, cerebralpalsy, epilepsy, blindness and deafness comes the risk ofextended hospitalization , SGA interruption of bondingin families.

- very high blood pressure affect the baby fromgetting enough blood and oxygen .This could limit yours

baby's growth or cause the placenta to pull away to soonfrom uterus.It also called lead to death.


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How to prevent preeclampsia?

use little or no added salt 6-8 glasses of water everyday Dont eat a lot of fried foods and junk foods Get enough rest

Avoid drinking alcohol Avoid beverages containing alcohol. Use of stress reductions techniques and medications

prescribed as needed

This is usually done if the pregnancy has done past 34weeks of AOG.37 weeks fetus ensure has the optimumchance of survival , because 37 weeks fetus is consideredfull term.


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How Treated ?

Rest , lying on your left side the weight of baby ofyour major blood vessels

Increase prenatal-checkup

Consume less salt Change diet to induce more protein


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toxemia in pregnancy

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