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USGS – United States Geological Survey•A scientific organization established in

1879 by Congress

•Its purpose is the classification of “public lands”.

Dividing up the United States.

•The United States is divided up into 50 states.

•The boundaries of states are determined either by lines of latitude or longitude or natural boundaries, such as rivers.

Dividing up the individual states.

•Just like a larger map is divided up according to longitude and latitude, states are divided up according to townships and ranges.

•Township is like latitude, flat across the state. Divided north (N) and south (S)

•Ranges are like longitude, long-ways across the state. Divide east (E) and west (W)

Townships and Ranges•Just like latitude and longitude have the

equator and prime meridian, township and range also have a principle starting point.

•Township base line

•Range principle meridian

Using your maps what is the notation for congressional townships:•A =

•B =

•C =

{T2N, R3E}

{T3S, R1W}

{T2S, R4E}

Congressional Township

•A congressional township is a parcel of land that is 6 miles long by 6 miles wide.

Congressional Township

Congressional Township

•A congressional township is still a large piece of land. ( 1 township = 36 square miles)

•To further define a township, each township is subdivided into 36 equal sized squares.

•These subdivisions are 1 square mile in size. ( 1 square mile = 640 acres)

The yellow box represents 1 congressional township.

Pay special attention to how the congressional township subsections are numbered

Using your maps what is the notation for districts:•D =

•E =

•F =

•G =

{21 of T1S, R2W}

{15 of T2S, R3W}

{31 of T2S, R3W}

{23 of T2S, R2W}

Dividing up the districts.

•Every district is still a large area of land, thus further subdivision is used.

•Each district is divided into 4 equal squares. They are labeled: northeast (NE), northwest (NW), southeast (SE) and southwest (SW)

•If further division is needed, the same process is repeated.

Lets use our maps to find the location of the letter H

•H is in the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of the 10th district of the second south township and the third west range.

•H = {NW ¼ of NE ¼ in 10 of T2S, R3W}

Each state determines its own baseline and principle meridian.

•Every location in the United States can now be accurately mapped by state, congressional township, district, location within district.

Lets look at Arkansas.