towards the sustainable use plasticisers · 2013. 8. 27. · mt in europe ‐phh lhthalates...
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Towards the Sustainable Use of PlasticisersTowards the Sustainable Use of Plasticisers www.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.orgwww.plasticisers.org
Developments and Trends in Plasticisers –A E P tiA European PerspectiveTowards the Sustainable Use of Plasticisers
Norbert J. ScholzNorbert J. ScholzECPI (European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates), Chairman
The Ministry of Environmental Protection /China Petroleum and Industry Federation/ China Chlor Alkali Industry Association / China Chemical Industry Environmental Protection Association
August 21 ‐ 23, 2013, Ordos, Peoples Republic of China,
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Presentation outline
ECPI – European Council for Plasticisers & Intermediates− Member companies, mission statement and activitiesMember companies, mission statement and activities
The Plasticiser Market− Facts & Figures / ApplicationsFacts & Figures / Applications
REACH – The European Approach to Chemicals Regulation
REACH and The Plasticiser MarketREACH and The Plasticiser Market− Consequences for Plasticiser’s Industry
T d th t i bl f Pl ti iTowards the sustainable use of Plasticisers
Resume
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ECPIECPI European Council p
for PlasticisersPlasticisers
and Intermediates
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ECPI
European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates
One of more than 100 Sector Groups of CEFIC ‐ the European Chemical Industry Council
Pan‐European trade association representing the interests of eight chemical companies
Chemical Industry Council
The current members are the major producers of plasticisers andchemical companies producers of plasticisers and intermediates in Europe:
LMW groupA k
LMW groupA k
HMW groupBASF
HMW groupBASFArkema
OxochimieDeza
ArkemaOxochimie
Deza
BASFEvonik OxenoExxonMobil
BASFEvonik OxenoExxonMobil
ZAKZAK PerstorpPerstorp
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ECPI Mission Statement
Support the safe, sustainable and environmentally responsible use of plasticisers.
Provide information to users, legislators and other interested parties on safety, health and environmental issues related to plasticisers.
Work with industry partners, associations and other stakeholders to support the safety and sustainability of plasticisers and flexible PVC.
Carry out research relevant to safety and sustainability.
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ECPI Secretariat A E V Ni hECPI Secretariat Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1B‐1160 Brussels
Belgium
Stéphane Content – Manager+32 2 676 73 [email protected]@
Annamaija Bergius – Communications+32 2 676 73 [email protected]
Christine L. Crab – Assistant+32 2 676 72 60 [email protected]
Supported by a scientific working group, common interest groups, and external consultants.
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The Plasticiser MarketThe Plasticiser Market
Facts & FiguresA li tiApplications
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How are most plasticisers produced?
Crude oil
+ +=Feed and processing routes are carefully selected to achieve the various plasticiser properties required by the PVC formulator :
+ +
Alcohol Acid Plasticiser Useiso nonyl alcohol Orthophthalic anhydride di iso nonyl phthalate (DINP) General purpose
2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol Orthophthalic anhydride Di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP)
General purpose + medical
2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol Terephthalic anhydride Di-ethyl-hexyl terephthalte General purpose2 ethyl hexyl alcohol Terephthalic anhydride Di ethyl hexyl terephthalte (DEHTP/ DOTP)
General purpose
iso nonyl alcohol Adipic acid di iso nonyl adipate (DINA) Improve cold flexibility
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Plasticisers are driven by alcohol availability
Crude oil
+ +=+ +Over the past 60 years more than 30,000 compounds have been suggested as PVC plasticisers but less than 100 have commercial relevance. Very few of these are general purpose,primary plasticisers, readily available andthese are general purpose,primary plasticisers, readily available and affordable .
Today , nearly 6 MT plasticisers are used in the world every year, including 1 h h l h f h lMT in Europe ‐ Phthalates represent more than 80% of this volume
1 low phthalate (DEHP) and 3 high phthalates (DINP, DIDP and DPHP) currently account for 75% of the PVC plasticisers used in the worldaccount for 75% of the PVC plasticisers used in the world.
Over the last 10 years, several plasticisers have been voluntarily phased out, to be replaced by better, safer alternatives.
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p y
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➔96% of plasticisers are consumed in durable flexible PVC applications
Global flexible PVC market
Global PVC market Global plasticiser market Global plasticiser use
35%65% +‐ 34 MTon +‐ 6 MTon35%
FlexibleFlexible
Rigid
Source: ECPI
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Major Uses of Plasticised PVC in Europe
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Globally 96% of plasticisers are consumed in durableGlobally 96% of plasticisers are consumed in durable flexible PVC applications
Largest end use:Largest end‐use: Wire &Cable
Largest share: Durable Goods
Lightweight & aesthetic, flexible PVC provides safety, flexibility and creativity.
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g g , p y, y y
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Most flexible PVC products are expected to have a long service life
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Typical life span of flexible PVC products
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Auto interiorsWall coverings
Building wire, appliance wire10 50 years
Flooring10 20 yearsWall coverings
10+ years10-50 years10-20 years
Roofing, Pool liners,... 15-25 years
Banners, Napkins,Inflatables, Adhesive films
Geomembranes20+ years
Synthetic Leather Coated textiles1+ 10 years
1+ - 5 years
1+ - 10 years
This is what is meant by DURABLE applications requiring flexibility over the life cycle of all finished articles.
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Plasticisers can be divided in three Categories
G l h HMW hth l t
Plasticisers can be divided in three Categories
General purpose, such as HMW phthalates: – Suited to a very wide range of applications and processes
O ti l b l b t t tilit d f– Optimal balance between cost, versatility and performance.
– High compatibility with PVC resin
Specialty plasticisers: Performance enhancers– Impart one or more special properties such as low temperature flexibility
– Not always suited to all PVC processing techniques and applications
– Less versatile
– Limited availability and higher costs
Secondary plasticisers:Secondary plasticisers:– Used with primary plasticisers to reduce cost or improve processing
– Less compatible with PVC, leading to exudation if used in excess
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Choosing the Right Plasticiser for the Right Performance
Compatibility with PVC and other additives
Sustainability
Performance Recyclability
Durability and good ageing Long term availability
Regulatory aspects (including health)
Global availability
Versatility
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There are some commercial alternatives to phthalates …There are some commercial alternatives to phthalates …
Terephthalates Cyclohexanoate diesters Citrates (ATBC)Terephthalates(DOTP)
Cyclohexanoate diesters(DINCH® )
Citrates (ATBC)
Modified vegetable oils PolymericsDi and mono benzoatesg(ESBO, glycerol esters)
y(polyesters)(DPGDB, MB10)
Trimetallites Aromatic sulfonates Dibasic acid estersTrimetallites(TOTM)
Aromatic sulfonates(phenol esters)
Dibasic acid esters(DINA, DOA, DOZ, DOS)
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REACHREACHThe European Approach toThe European Approach to Chemicals ManagmentChemicals Managment
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REACH – Regulation (EC) 1907 / 2006 The European Approach to Chemicals Management
RegistrationEvaluation
Authorisation of Chemicals
EU Council Regulation 1907 /2006
Combines previous chemical legislation onE isting Chemicals (67/548/EEC 79/831/EEC 81/437/EEC)− Existing Chemicals (67/548/EEC – 79/831/EEC – 81/437/EEC) − EINECS
− New Chemicals (67/548/EEC and amendments)− ELINCS
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REACH The European Approach to Chemicals Management
REACH introduced a new concept for chemicals management− No data no market
− Describe any potential risks from chemicals
D l t l f i k− Develop control measures for risks
− Communicate along the supply chain
Specifically limit the use of− Specifically limit the use of
− ‘Substances of Very High Concern’
Responsibility is with data submitter (Industry)
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REACH Timeline
Transition periods for existing substances (phase in substances) as listed in the EINECS
31 May 2013 31 May 201830 Nov 2010
Registration100 ‐ 1000 to/a
Registration> 1 ‐ 100 to/a
Registration> 1000 to/aCMR > 1 to/a
T i t i tToxic to environment> 100 to/a
No transition periods for New substances (as listed in ELINCS) ‐ automatic transfer into REACH system by ECHANew substances (as listed in ELINCS) automatic transfer into REACH system by ECHASubstances not yet manufactured or placed on the market within the EU
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REACHREACH Substances of Very High Concern
The Process Substances of Very High Concern
Numbers 145 + 11
P i iti ti
54 84 14
List of
Intention
ProposalTo
SVHC
Candidate
list
AuthorizationList
Annex XIV
Prioritisation
Annex XV
withdrawal possible
(2)
withdrawal possible
(2)(2) (2)
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REACHREACH Criteria for inclusion on the candidate list
Toxicological PropertiesCancerogenic or CMutagenic or MReprotoxic R
Ecotoxicological PropertiesP i t PPersistence PBioaccumation B(High) Toxicity T
Equivalent Level of ConcernqEg Endocrine Disruptors
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REACHREACH Substances of Very High Concern
Consequences and Obligations for manufactures and importers
Active Communication along the commercial supply chain (§ 31)Active Communication along the commercial supply chain (§ 31)Inform your downstream customer of the status of the substance
− on its own− in preparations− in articles or semifinsished articles
Passive Communication with the consumer (§31)no active communication needed butconsumer can ask for SVHC in consumer productsconsumer can ask for SVHC in consumer products answer within 45 days through supplier of article
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REACHREACH Substances of Very High Concern
The ProcessSubstances of Very High Concern
Numbers 145 + 11
P i iti ti
54 84 14
List of
Intention
ProposalTo
SVHC
Candidate
list
AuthorizationList
Annex XIV
Prioritisation
Annex XV
withdrawal possible
(2)
withdrawal possible
(2)(2) (2)
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REACHREACH Substances of Very High Concern
Once prioritized within the candidate list
AuthorizationList
Annex XIV
Defined sunset dateTime limited authorization if
Application has been forwarded and acceptedpp pBenefit outweighs risksNo alternative availableShift of responsibility
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REACH and The Plasticiser Market
Consequences for Plasticizers
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Phthalates Classification and Labelling
PHTHALATEALCOHOLBACKBONE
LABELING
HEALTH ENV
DMP 1 None None
DEP 2 None None
DIBP (SCL = 25%) 3 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 None
DBP 4 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 N; R50
ar W
eight
tes)
DPP 3 ‐ 5 Cat 2/2, T; R60‐61 N; R50
BBP 4 ‐ 7 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 N; R50‐53
DIHP 5 ‐ 6 Cat 2, T; R61 Nonew M
olecula
ow Phtha
lat
711P (Highly branched) 5 ‐ 9 Cat 2/3, T; R61‐62 None
DEHP 6 Cat 2/2, T; R60‐61 None
Low
(Lo
ight
DINP 7 ‐ 8 None None
DIDP 8 ‐ 9 None None
DPHP 7 None None
ecular W
eithalates)
79P (Slightly branched) 7 ‐ 9 None None
911P (Slightly branched)
9 ‐ 11 None None
High Mol
(High Ph
t
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Differentiating Plasticisers: Applications and Regulatory StatusDifferentiating Plasticisers: Applications and Regulatory Status
Low phthalatesLow phthalates High phthalates DINP, DIDP, DPHP, DIUP, High phthalates DINP, DIDP, DPHP, DIUP, Other plasticisersOther plasticisers
R i 1B N t CMR
DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBPDEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBP DTDPDTDP
ES
Other plasticisersOther plasticisers
No REACH restrictions to date
Reprotoxic agents cat. 1BRisk reduction requiredOn annex XIV of REACH
Not CMRNo classification or labellingNo risk reduction required
MOLECU
LE
Cyclohexanoates, Adipates, Benzoates, Citrates, trimellitates, and others
Medical devices (DEHP)
PVC wire and cablePVC Flooring and wallcovering
ToysFood contact
and others
ONS
Medical devices (DEHP)general purpose flexible PVC (DEHP)Adhesives (DIBP)
PVC film and foilSynthetic leatherPVC coated fabricsAutomotive (dashboards wire
Sealantsmedical devicesNiche applicationsSome general purposeA
PPLICA
TIO
Automotive (dashboards, wire harnesses, CUBS, upholstery, etc…)
Some general purposeapplications
REACH will require that onlyauthorised applications can be Amongst the earliest REACH
S l d REACH
ATO
RY
authorised applications can beused after the sunset date of February 2015
gregistrations due to the extensive amount of data available
Some already REACH registered, others pending
REGULAT
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L hth l t C t REACH t tLow phthalates – Current REACH status
Official publication of the REACH annex XIV list in the OJ in Feb 2011 (2012 for DIBP)( )
For the applications that will not be authorised, the sunset date is 21st of February 2015y
DEHP: Authorisation task force formed for DEHP
Applications sent to ECHA between August 7 and 21 2013Applications sent to ECHA between August 7 and 21, 2013
Public commenting expected to start in November 2013
Single producers applied for additional individual uses
DBP: Producer & Downstream User(s) applied for authorisation ( ) pp
Applications sent to ECHA in August
Public commenting expected to start in November 2013August 2013 ‐ p30© copyright ECPI
Public commenting expected to start in November 2013
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L hth l t C t REACH t tLow phthalates – Current REACH status
Official publication of the REACH annex XIV list in the OJ in Feb 2011 (2012 for DIBP)( )
For the applications that will not be authorised, the sunset date is 21st of February 2015y
BBP Producer will not seek authorisationBBP: Producer will not seek authorisation
DIBP: Producer has not yet made its intentions public
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High Phthalates – Current REACH status
DINP, DIDP, DPHP registered by March 2010, well ahead of deadline.
All REACH data requirements met – no proposals for additional testing.
Health and environmental data demonstrating safe use is well beyond REACH l t i tregulatory requirements.
Toys restrictions (DINP/DIDP only) under revision by EU commission
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Multiple previous studies indicate DINP safe for intended usesMultiple previous studies indicate DINP safe for intended uses
2003US Consumer Product Safety Commission
“no demonstrated health risk” from use of DINP in toys
2003National ToxicologyProgram
“minimal” and “negligible” concern for reproductive / developmental toxicity of DINP & DIDPProgram toxicity of DINP & DIDP
2004 OECD HMW phthalates (DINP/DIDP) are “low priority for further work” *
2005US Centers for
CDC (2005) report indicates that exposure is well within safe limits2005 Disease ControlCDC (2005) report indicates that exposure is well within safe limits
2006 European UnionEU Risk Assessments find HMW phthalates (DINP & DIDP) safe for use in current applications **
“CPSC staff has kept abreast of the new research and has not seen anything2007
US Consumer Product Safety Commission
“CPSC staff has kept abreast of the new research and has not seen anything that would cause a change in staff’s position” (Letter from CPSC staff to CA Senator Runner)
2009/2010 European UnionDINP/DIDP registered under REACH and can be produced in and imported i t th EU ith t i ti i i ti li ti009/ 0 0 pinto the EU with no restrictions in existing applications
2011The Chief Advisor to the Danish EPA Chemicals unit identified DINP as an effective and economic alternative to low molecular weight phthalates
2012 Australia NICNAS Current risk estimates do not indicate a health concern from exposure of children to DINP in toys and childcare articles even at the highest (reasonable worst‐case) exposure scenario considered.
* OECD comments for high molecular weight phthalates including DINP and DIDP
August 2013 ‐ p33© copyright ECPI
g g p g** In case DIDP were to be used in toys to substitute for other phthalates, risk reduction would be required for infants under 3 years of age
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EU T d Shif i HMW h h l & h l i iEU Trend: Shifting to HMW phthalates & «other» plasticisers
Product
European plasticisers producers have adapted their offer to legislation and evolving market demand.
August 2013 ‐ p34© copyright ECPI
Source: IHS Chemical, Plasticisers Marketing Reserach Report, ECPI estimates
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Gl b ll h d i h diffGlobally the trend is somewhat different
EU plasticiser market Rest of world market
DEHP still represents ±50% of the phthalates used Worldwide ‐ with non‐phthalatesgaining market share ‐ whereas in the EU and US, high phthalates are predominant.
August 2013 ‐ p35© copyright ECPI Source: 2011 ECPI estimate
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Th F t Hi h Phth l t S tti th T dTh F t Hi h Phth l t S tti th T dThe Future: High Phthalates Setting the TrendThe Future: High Phthalates Setting the Trend
European HMW plasticisers producers are taking responsibility and are adapting their offer to the evolving demand of the market and the legislators:
General purpose Specialties
Move from lower to higher (C9 and above) molecular
h d
Development of <alternative> plasticisers
f l d
Development focused on non‐classified h h l l weight products for speciality and
higher‐end marketshigher molecular weight phthalates
This implies a major effort in informing and helping converters to adapt their formulations and processing conditions, as well as strong communication and advocacy campaigns and supporting research
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To ards the s stainable se of plasticisersTowards the sustainable use of plasticisers
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ECPI i f th f f di b f th Vi l 2010ECPI is one of the four founding members of the Vinyl 2010 & VinylPlus programmes
ECPI members have been contributing and actively participating in Vinyl 2010 since the start of the programme in 2000.2010 since the start of the programme in 2000.
ECPI High Molecular Weight members have signed up for the new VinylPlus industry commitment (www.vinylplus.eu).VinylPlus industry commitment (www.vinylplus.eu).
ECPI is committed to demonstrating that flexible PVC is used in a sustainable and responsible way and is a member of the VinylPlussustainable and responsible way and is a member of the VinylPlus Sustainable Additives TF
August 2013 ‐ p38© copyright ECPI
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Participation in the Vinyl 2010 & the new VinylPlus programs
ECPI members have been contributing and actively participating in Vinyl 2010 since the start of the program in 2000. Final progress report to be downloaded on wwwvinylplus euprogress report to be downloaded on www.vinylplus.eu
VinylPlus target: to recycle 800,000 tonnes/year of PVC by 2020
August 2013 ‐ p39© copyright ECPI
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S mmarSummary
August 2013 ‐ p40© copyright ECPI
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Summary: REACH
REACH changes the Chemical Management System in EuropeREACH changes the Chemical Management System in Europe− Consequences for European producers− Consequences for Importers
− Consequences beyond EU 27
REACH covers chemicals > 1 to / aREACH covers chemicals 1 to / a
No data, no market
Restrictions for Substances of Very High Concern− Candidate list
− Active Communication requirements along supply chain− Annex XIV
− Phase out after sunset date, unless authorised uses (on demand only), ( y)
August 2013 ‐ p41© copyright ECPI
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Summary: Phthalates
Low Phthalates with sunset dates February 2015− Market share of DEHP declining (in Europe)
− Application for Authorization will be pursued for DEHP
− Deadline for application by August 2013
High Phthalates can be regarded as (today’s) gold standardHigh Phthalates can be regarded as (today s) gold standard− Versatility / Economy / Availability
− Environment / Human HealthEnvironment / Human Health
August 2013 ‐ p42© copyright ECPI
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Be sure to check our website: www.plasticisers.orgComprehensive information available, including:
Updated library of fact sheets in 7 languages & mythbuster documents?
Issue papers and general information around flexible PVC and phthalates.
Updates on general health issues.
Press articles on applications such as automotive, construction etc…
Informative video in 3 languages
August 2013 ‐ p43© copyright ECPI