towards self-managing home networking systems yi-min wang cybersecurity and systems management...
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Towards Self-Managing Home Networking Systems
Yi-Min WangCybersecurity and Systems Management
Microsoft Research, Redmond(Google “Strider Wang”)
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The Aladdin Home Networking System
• Seven Windows PC connected by 10Mbps phoneline Ethernet– PC peripherals: USB cameras, IR controllers, etc.
• Sixty X10-based powerline devices– Controlled devices
• Lamps, fans, garage door openers, robo-dogs, beeper/chimer timers, etc.
– Converters• Wireless-to-powerline transceivers
– Transmitters • Wired and wireless controllers, phone-based controller,
PC-based controllers (CM11A powerline transceivers)• Sensors: motion sensors, water sensors, temperature
sensors, power outage sensors, garage door sensors, etc.
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Aladdin: connect to your house at any time, from any place, on any device
My HomeBuddy
MonitoringDaemon
DCOM DeviceControlObjects
LookupServices
NaturalLanguage
Parser
Soft-State Store
Text-basedInterface
Eventing
MSN
Aladdin DeviceAdapter (ADA)SIMBA
MyAlertBuddy
IM &Email
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Project Goals
• Home network as “part of my Internet”• Mid-size ubiquitous computing system
– Heterogeneous networks and devices– Mostly “low-cost”, off-the-shelf consumer devices– Limited mobility
• Deployed in a real house and used on a daily basis for three years
• Project goals:– Is this something that people can really live with? – What are the “killer apps”?– Study self-configuration & self-monitoring
requirements
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Self-Configuration
• Aladdin Device Adapter (ADA)– Device named by: device type + physical location
(pre-mapped to X10 address)• e.g., lamp on “the living room side of the kitchen”, which
is mapped to X10 address “E4”
– ADA enables self-configuration & -reconfiguration with “dumb” devices
• Even smart devices need “field attributes”
• Soft-State Store– Volatile or persistent state that will expire if not
refreshed
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One-step administration: X10 communication address to physical location mapping
D10
D16
E3
O16
P16
K3
F3
F16
G5
E4J14J16
E16
BonusRoom
MasterBedroom
KitchenLivingRoom
FamilyRoom
GarageCrawlSpace N3
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X10Transmitter
AC currentsensor
Simple Logic
X10Receiver
Powerline
Aladdin Device Adapter
LampE4
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• Announce– AC current sensor detects current thru device– Transmit device type and X10 address in
extended X10 code over powerline
• Revoke– Report device leaving (broken, switched off,
unplugged, etc.)
• Refresh– Periodically re-Announce: allow detecting ADA
leaving
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Powerline
PC #1 PC #2
PhonelineEthernet
Attribute-Based
Lookup Service(ABLS)
AladdinDeviceAdapter
Device type + Communication address (= Physical location)
Name-Based
Lookup Service(NBLS)
Bridging protocol address
Object
Device Announcement Protocol
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Multi-time-scale Soft-State Store
Soft-State Store (SSS)
Volatile StorePersistent Store
Name-BasedLookupService(NBLS)
Attribute-BasedLookupService(ABLS) Eventing
DaemonHeartbeats
ObjectHeartbeats
DeviceHeartbeats
Added;Changed;Deleted;
MetaChanged
SensorHeartbeat
s& States
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Self-Monitoring
• Daily end-to-end self-test– Powerline database Ethernet
Internet IM/email service cell phone SMS service
• Powerline anomaly detection– Receivers embedded into the house
responding to unintended control signals
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12:31AM, Sep. 24, 1999 - House under attack...00:31:42 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:35:07 - Func = C HailRequest(8)...00:35:13 - Func = F AllLightsOn(1)...00:35:59 - Func = M ExtendedDataTransfer(12) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:36:09 - Address = M13 >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:36:12 - Func = M Dim(4) Change in brightness level = 0x0e >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:38:00 - Func = E HailAcknowledge(9) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:38:50 - Func = I On(2)...00:40:26 - Func = N AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...00:45:14 - Func = E AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:24:31 - Func = K AllLightsOn(1) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:25:28 - Func = I AllUnitsOff(0)...01:26:24 - Func = E AllLightsOff(6) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<< ...01:44:52 - Func = J StatusRequest(15) >>>>> ALERT: BOGUS ADDRESS <<<<<
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01:44AM, Sep. 24 1999 - Attacker identified
A plugged-in CM11A interfaceWith a floating serial-port connector !Operator error + non-fail-stop failure
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Powerline Monitoring
• Model-based fault detection system– Experimentally develop a finite state automaton
that models all legal sequences of X10 commands• X10 protocol is under-specified
– Deduce model state indirectly from the sequence of observed powerline commands
• Hidden state and unobservable illegal transitions
– Detect model violations via regular expressions on observable X10 command sequences
– Detector itself is self-stabilizing
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Summary
• Truly ubiquitous computing means a lot of people using a lot of devices in their daily activities– Need low-cost, off-the-shelf consumer devices
• Low-cost consumer devices are less robust and less reliable– Systems management cost is too high
• Including security and safety concerns
• Two things are necessary to make it happen– Need a “universal killer app” to drive up the volume
and make low-cost, robust/reliable devices possible– As self-managing as possible
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“Killer Apps” for My Family
• Parents receive an IM/email when kids get home safely and disable alarm
• Remotely check on the house while on vacation
• Receive an IM when water sensor detects water leakage
• Receive an IM upon power outage
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For more information
• Google “Aladdin Wang”– News article
• “It was a fishy way for a scientist to start wiring houses onto Web,” Seattle-PI news article
• “There's No Place Like Home,” Microsoft Research News & Highlights
– Papers• “A Toolkit for Building Dependable and Extensible Home
Networking Applications,” Usenix Windows Systems Symposium
• “Towards Dependable Home Networking: An Experience Report,” IEEE DSN/FTCS
• “The SIMBA User Alert Service Architecture for Dependable Alert Delivery,” IEEE DSN
• “Model-based Fault Detection in Powerline Networking,” IPDPS