Dr. Babatunde OmilolaHead of Development Planning and Inclusive Sustainable Growth TeamBureau for Policy and Programme Support, UNDP New York

G7 International Symposium on Food Security and NutritionTokyo, Japan, October 2016

Towards more effective and sustainable resource mobilization

The MDGs – A retrospective

The global mobilization behind the MDGs has produced the most successful anti-poverty movement in history

Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements, saving the lives of millions and improving conditions for many more

By putting people and their immediate needs at the forefront, the MDGs reshaped decision-making in developed and developing countries alike

The MDGs – A retrospective

MDG

PRO

GRES

S

MDG

PRO

GRES

S Right set of policies, targeted technical assistance, institutional capacity, and adequate funding

Strong political commitment

Cross-discipline and cross-sectoral contributions toward devising and implementing specific prioritized ‘acceleration solutions’ to help countries improve the rate of progress against specific targets

Learning from and adapting solutions that have been shown to work in other countries in similar circumstances through, for example, South-South knowledge-sharing

Key parameters for success

THE

UN

FIN

ISHE

D BU

SIN

ESS The unfinished business of the MDGs

Poverty700 million people live in extreme poverty

Energy1.4 billion people have no access to electricity

Water650 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources

Sanitation2.4 billion people still lack access to basic sanitation services

Health16,000 children die each day before they reach the age of five, mostly from preventable causes

InequalityInequality of income and opportunities have both substantially increased

EnvironmentAcute challenges, including food and water insecurity, climate change and natural disasters

Hunger795 million people are undernourished

• Poverty and Inequality• Demographic trends• Food security

State of the World today

SITU

ATIO

N A

NAL

YSIS

-6-6.8

-8.8-11.5

-15.7-16.7

-18.4-19.4

-21.9-23.6-25

-25.7-27.1

-31.5-33.3

-34.5-37.7-38.3

-39.7-40.4

-43.2-44.8

-46.1-48.4

-50.2-50.4-50.9

-52.5-55.2-56.1

-61.3-65.2-66.1

-71.4-73.4

-84.3

14.30.92.4

5.89.29

4.426.1

13.38.7

7.413.7

19.726.7

15.535.2

19.927.6

31.430.7

28.723.9

30.336.5

35.415.3

17.420.9

18.618

36.858.5

31.23534.6

46.5

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Uruguay

Kazakhstan

Indonesia

Montenegro

Georgia

Moldova

Costa Rica

Tanzania

Chile

Benin

Mongolia

Colombia

El Salvador

Ecuador

Niger

Bolivia

Sierra Leone

Togo

Urban poverty headcount ratio(% ofurban population)

Rural poverty headcount ratio (% ofrural population)

700 million people still live in poverty, with 75 percent living in rural areas

GRO

WTH

/ PO

VERT

Y &

INEQ

ALIT

Y

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60Guinea-Bissau

LuxembourgBosnia and Herzegovina

Russian FederationEthiopiaVietnamLao PDR

FranceMadagascar

SwedenCroatia

IndiaNicaragua

CanadaPolandTurkey

BangladeshSao Tome and Principe

Sri LankaPhilippines

PortugalSwitzerland

NetherlandsBelgium

BrazilParaguay

BelarusEl Salvador

Timor-LesteNigeria

Papua New GuineaBolivia

Malawi

CHANGE IN GINI (EARLY 2000 - LATEST)

Despite declining in many countries, inequalities remain persistent

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Azerbaijan

BelarusKosovo

RomaniaMoldova

SerbiaCambodia

ArmeniaCroatia

NepalEstoniaJordan

IndiaLuxembourg

LatviaSpain

MaldivesLao PDRThailand

TurkeyUnited States

Congo, Dem. Rep.Seychelles

NigeriaBeninPeru

NicaraguaVenezuela, RB

BoliviaChile

PanamaHondurasBotswana

Gini Coefficient (2013 or latest year available)

GINI

• 7.3 billion people in 2015• Projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050• More than half of global future population growth will occur in Africa and Asia

DEM

OGR

APHI

C TR

ENDS

The world population continues to grow at a rapid rate

FOO

D SE

CURI

TYFood insecurity persists

795 million people are undernourished globally

Over 90 million children under age five—one in seven children worldwide—remain underweight

Two regions account for nearly 90 percent of all underweight children in 2015—half live in Southern Asia and one third in sub-Saharan Africa

161 million children had stunted growth in 2013—one in four children under five worldwide

Vulnerability to natural disasters and civil conflict, seasonal or volatile changes in food prices, and climate change exacerbate food insecurity

Implies that goals and targets are relevant to all governments and actors: integration Universality does not mean uniformity. It implies differentiation (What can each country contribute?)

Policy integration means balancing all three SD dimensions: social, economic growth and environmental protectionAn integrated approach implies managing trade-offs and maximizing synergies across targets

The principle of ‘no one left behind’ advocates countries to go beyond averages. The SDGs should benefit all – eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities. Promotion and use of disaggregated data is key

SDG AGENDA PRINCIPLES

‘NO ONE LEFT BEHIND’INTEGRATIONUNIVERSALITY

WHAT IS DIFFERENT?

The 2030 Agenda is ‘indivisible’ – countries should avoid ‘cherry picking’ goals. It is important to assess the interlinkages across goals and targets.

The considered ‘sweet spot’ areas are limited.Countries need to carefully assess the ‘trade-offs’ across goals/targets.

Domestic public resources

Domestic and international

private business and finance

International development cooperation

International trade

Debt and debt sustainability

Financing mechanisms

in the Addis

Ababa Action

Agenda

RESOURCES AND PARTNERSHIPS

Addis Ababa Action Agenda Commitments: A Snapshot

© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’

• Looks systematically beyond ODA, at the need to consider all sources of finance and the need to build-capacity to make use of all resources

• Commitment to boost domestic resource mobilization

• Commits to increase public investment for research, infrastructure and initiatives to ensure food security

• Reaffirms commitments on ODA• Commitment to curb illicit financial flows

• Recognizes the special development challenges faced by LDCs, LLDCs, SIDS and fragile states

• Recognizes the need to better prevent and address shocks and crises

• Strong emphasis on need to ensure more private finance is aligned with sustainable development aims

• Strong emphasis on multi-stakeholder partnerships

• Establishes a strengthened FfD follow-up mechanism

FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: RESOURCE FLOW

© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’

THE FINANCING ‘TOOL BOX’

© U

NDP

–20

16 H

LPF

Trai

ning

–‘G

ettin

g re

ady

to im

plem

ent t

he 2

030

Agen

da’

THE FINANCING TOOL BOX

© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’

FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: THE GLOBAL CONTEXT

© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’

Domestic resource mobilization remains a challenge for some countries (e.g. LDCs, SIDS etc.)Private financial flows heavily skewedODA remains short of international commitmentsClimate funds often difficult to accessCountries remain vulnerable to shocks and crisesSome countries’ capacities to make use of financing “tool-box” constrained“Sustainable finance” initiatives still small in scaleIllicit financial flows remains a key problem

But challenges remain

Source FinancialResult

Intermediary Instrument

Fiscal

Grant

Debt/equity

Risks

Regulatory

Market

Avoid Future Expenditures

Deliver Better

Realign Expenditures

Generate RevenueDevelopment bankODA

Private firm

Aid agency

Consultancy firm

Institutional investor

Ind./household

Financial institutionFinancial institution

Government entity

NGODomestic budget

Special purpose vehicle

FINANCING SOLUTIONS

© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’