______________2016, Timisoara duma.virgil@osamember.org

Towards a Research Pole in Photonics in Western Romania. Achievements and Challenges

V.-F. Duma1-3 , C. Sinescu4, A. Gh. Podoleanu5

1 Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania http://3om-group-optomechatronics.ro/

2 Polytechnics University of Timisoara, Romania3 West University of Timisoara, Romania

4 Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Romania

5 Applied Optics Group, University of Kent, UK

1. Current Consortium & Collaborators

2

PARTNERSHIP Grant 1682 / 2011Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research

3

COORDINATOR:

3OM Optomechatronics Group

Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad

COLLABORATORS:

PARTNERS:

Current Consortium & Collaborators

UAVArad

UMFTimisoara

UoKent,UK

ELLETRA Sincrotrone, Trieste, IT

UoBuffalo, N.Y., USA

CUNY,NY, USA

Univ.PolytechnicsTimisoara

Schoolof

Dentistry

ETH, Zurich,

Switzerland

Universita Politecnica delle

Marche, IT

AradCounty Hospital

SCBioclinica

SA

SCInteliform

SRL

Inst. Optics,UoRochester

NY, USA

RWTHAachen,

Germany

The members of our consortium - future Photonics Pole in Western Romania (marked with circles)

and some of our main collaborators (marked with rectangles)

Current Project Romanian National Authority for Research

PARTNERSHIP Grant code 1682 / 2011 (2012-2016).

UAVA, UHA, BIO, UMFUAVA, BIO, UMF

Development of OCT Systems

Dentistry materials Teeth Mouth (soft tissue)

UAVA, UMF

Swept Source OCTSpectral Domain OCT

UAVA, INT

Development of endoscope MEMS probes

UAVA, INT

Development of handheld scanning

probes

UAVA, UHA, BIO, UMF

Testing of OCT systems - ex vivo and than in

vivo For colon For esophagus

Gastroenterology

Colonoscopy

http://3om-group-optomechatronics.ro/

36 researchers, with a balance between senior and young researchers - the latter including both UG and PG students.

2. Research Group - Topics

6

http://3om-group-optomechatronics.ro/

Hot Topics in Optomechatronics

Optomechatronic devicesapproached in the 3OM Group

SCANNERS CHOPPERSATTENUATORS

Monogon

1-D

Polygonal

GALVANOMETERS

Risley Prisms

7

Rotating

2-D

Φi

θ

D

i

2x

D

Risley Prisms

Duma V. F., et al., Applied Optics 48(14), 2678-2685 (2009)

Duma V F., J. of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, 10(6), 064008 (2008)

Duma V.F., CNSNS (Elsevier) (2011);

• Colorimetry• Photometry

Duma V. F., Applied Optics 48(32), 6355-6364 (2009)

PD

Duma V.F., in Modeling, Simulation and Control of Nonlinear Engineering Dynamical Systems, Awrejcewicz J., Ed., 2009, Springer, 243-253

Duma V.F., Proc. SPIE 5856, 606-617 (2005)

Duma V.F., Proc. SPIE 6785, 6785-1Q (2007)

Duma V.F., et al., Proc. SPIE 7390, 7390-42 (2009)

Duma V.F., Rolland J., Podoleanu A. Gh., Proc. SPIE 7556, 7556-10 (2010)

PM+GS

2GS

• OCT• Optical

Metrology

• Radiometry

Duma V.F., et al Appl. Opt.. 50(29) (2011)

Duma V.F.,TAML 2(2) (2012)

Duma V.F., Opt. Eng. 49(10) (2010)

Duma V.F., Latin American J. of Solids and Structures 10(1), 5-18 (2013).

http://3om-group-optomechatronics.ro/

OCT and Scanning

Evolution of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and related scanning techniques [1]

Several optical techniques are involved in OCT:• illumination & detection;• interferometry;• scanning; • adaptive optics (AO);• microscopy, endoscopy, etc.

Laser scanners: analysis & experiments.

[1] Duma V.F., Rolland J., Podoleanu A. Gh., Perspectives of optical scanning in OCT, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 7556, 7556-10 , San Francisco (2010 )

OCT

A-scan, B-scan

1991 1995 1996

Flying spot / confocal OCT

Channelled spectrum

Translation stages of the

probe

1997

En face OCT

1998

Combined OCT and

SLO

Galvoscanner modulation

2001

OCT with <1μm

resolution

2003 2004 20102008

Full Field OCT

Flying spot OCT

GD OCM

No electro-mechanical scanning (FP filters)

Slit-lamp integrated

FD-OCT

SS OCT

GS-based scanning filters

SS OCT

Early MEMS

with acousto-optic scanners

Acousto-optically

tuned OCT

PM-based scanning filters

2005

2-D MEMS scanners

LL

LL embedded microscopy

B-scans,z-axis corrections

1993

Talbot bands

2000

FD OCT first

images

2012

MEMSgain

momentum

OCT endoscopes

expand

2015

Handheld probes for

OCT

3. Research Avenues:Optomechatronics, Photonics, and

Biomedical Imaging

9

3.1. Optical Scanners: Galvanometer-based

10

Duma V. F., Lee K.-S., Meemon P., Rolland J. P., Experimental investigations of the scanning functions of galvanometer-based scanners with applications in OCT, Applied Optics 50(29), 5735-5749 (2011) & Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics 6(11) (2011) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.005735

Duma V. F., Optimal scanning function of a galvanometer scanner for an increased duty cycle, Optical Engineering 49(10), 103001 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3497570

Duma V. F., Command functions of open loop galvanometer scanners with optimized duty cycles, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 2(4), 043005 (2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/2.1204305

Duma V.-F., Tankam P., Huang J., Won J. J., and Rolland J. P., Optimization of galvanometer scanning for Optical Coherence Tomography, Applied Optics 54(17), 5495-5507 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.005495

3.1.1. Galvanometer Scanners in OCT: Experimental Investigations of the

Scanning Functions

11

Duma V. F.*, Lee K.-S., Meemon P., Rolland J. P., Experimental investigations of the scanning functions of galvanometer-based scanners with applications in OCT, Applied Optics 50(29), 5735-5749 (2011) - also published in Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics 6(11) (2011) http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.005735

Galvoscanners in OCT

Schematic illustrating the operating principle of a galvanometer scanner (GS), with constructive parameters:

J, moment of inertia of the mobile element (with galvomirror); c, damping coefficient;

k, elastic coefficient of the torsion springs that support the mobile element.

N S

Galvomirror (J)

Damper (c)

-θm

(O.A.)

θa

-xa

xa H

-HFix magnet

Spring (k)

Mobile element

Lens

θ, scan angle θa, angular scan amplitude θm, total angular scan amplitude

x(t), scanning function=> xa, linear scan amplitude H, total scan amplitude

3.1.2. Effective Duty Cycle of Galvoscanners: Impact in OCT

13

Duma V.-F.*, Tankam P., Huang J., Won J. J., and Rolland J. P., Optimization of galvanometer scanning for Optical Coherence Tomography, Applied Optics 54(17), 5495-5507 (2015), -also published in Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics 10(6) (2015)http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.005495

Galvoscanners in OCT

θm

θ’a

0

-θ’a-θm

t

ta=ƞtT

θ

ττ

(b2)

t'a=ƞT

T

Δt1

Δt2

2τ 2τ

input

outputΔ Δ

Δ’

Δ’

Ideal/input signals versus scanning functions/output signals of the GS.

The scanning function:

(b2) Sawtooth scanning

for high fs and θm

),2/[),(

32

,2

,24

)2/,2[,)2(

2,,2

),0[,

)(2

2

TTtTt

TTt

Tt

Ttt

tt

tt

t

m

a

m

Characteristic:

=> The effective duty cycle:

or

'

)'(2

'

'22

aaaa

TTaa

''

TTm

3

2

132

aa '/'/ 6' T

Two migrations Δt1 and Δt2 occur for the two peaks per period T of

the θ(t) output of the GS

An increasing non-linearity occurs for these portions.

and

(3)

3.1.3. Galvanometer Scanners:Theoretical Analysis of the Scanning Functions

15

Duma V. F., Optimal scanning function of a galvanometer scanner for an increased duty cycle, Optical Engineering 49(10), 103001 (2010)http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3497570

t

t

t

3T/2

T/2

T/2

3T/2

2T

2T

2T

T

T

T

0

0

τ

xa

vx v

-xa-H

-v

ax

v/τ

-v/τ

H x

0

x

vxv

-v0

-

0

t

t

t

2T

2T

2T

T

T

T-

ax

-xa

xaH

)(tx )(tx

)(txTwo profiles of the scanning function , with the scanning velocity

and acceleration of the laser spot:

(p) (s)

(p) linear + parabolic; (s) linear + sinusoidal

Galvanometer Scanners (GS)±2θa

N

N

S

S

Mobile

element

Magneticcircuit

L=f

L1

zx 2θ

Other functions also tested: higher order polynomials and more complicated sinusoidals. => Conclusion: The choice has to be made between the (p) and (s) functions.

τ

Galvanometer scanners (GS)±2θa

N

N

S

S

Mobile

element

Magneticcircuit

L=f

L1

zx 2θ

0 0.5 10

0.5

1

p r( )

s r( )

r

0 0.5 10

2

4

Tip r( )

Tis r( )

r

0 5 100

0.5

1

p Ti( )

s Ti( )

Ti

and

=>

Issue: To compare (p) and (s).

(s) is slightly better with regard to the duty cycle.

(p) is better with regard to the maximum inertia torque.

ηp

ηs

ηp

ηs

Solution: For a certain Ti, the values of r that are actually possible for (p) and (s) are determined.

Ti

Tis

Tip

rs rp

0 5 100

0.15

0.3

Ti( )

Ti

=> ηp -ηs

2.5% 2

The parameter r is eliminated. The actual expressions of the duty cycle are obtained:

1

1

i

ip T

T

2

2arctan

2

21

1

ii

s

TT

Duma V. F., Optimal scanning function of a galvanometer scanner for an increased duty cycle, Optical Engineering 49(10), 103001 (2010).

3.2. Handheld Scanning Probes for OCT

with 1D Scanners

18

Demian D., Duma V. F.*, Sinescu C., Negrutiu M. L., Cernat R., Topala F. I., Hutiu Gh., Bradu A., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Design and testing of prototype handheld scanning probes for optical coherence tomography, J of Engineering in Medicine 228(8), 743-753 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411914543963

http://www.octnews.org/articles/5612435/feature-of-the-week-10-5-14-design-and-testing-of-/

Duma V.-F.*, Dobre G., Demian D., Cernat R., Sinescu C., Topala F. I., Negrutiu M. L., Hutiu Gh., and Bradu A., Podoleanu A. Gh., Handheld scanning probes for optical coherence tomography, Romanian Reports in Physics 67(4) (2015)http://www.rrp.infim.ro/2015_67_4/A14.pdf

Handheld Scanning Probes for OCT

1st Design

(a) (b)1

2

3

6

4 5a89

7

11

12

10

built almost entirely from off-the-shelf (Thorlabs) components

19

First configuration of the handheld scanning probe: (a) design; (b) photo, with the GS.Notations (see for details the Table – slide 6): (1) fiber collimator; (2) mount adapter for the fiber

collimator; (3) X-Y translation stage; (4) 6-way cage cube; (5a) GS mount; (6) 1-D GS; (7) compact cage plates; (8) extension rods; (9) compact cage mounting brackets; (10) rods; (11) lens tube; (12) lens

objective.http://www.octnews.org/articles/5612435/feature-of-the-week-10-5-14-design-and-testing-of-/

Handheld Scanning Probes for OCT

(a) (b)

1

2

3

6

11

12

13

14

*

15

more compact lighter more ergonomic constructed mostly from manufactured parts

(c)

3rd Design (optimized)

20

Final prototype of the OCT handheld probe with the 1-D GS, suitable for small scale production: (a) exploded view, with some of the same annotations as in the Table and Figs 1 and 2, but with a

manufactured handle (0) and with a central part (13) that is both a mount and a heat sink for the GS; (b) design of the assembly; (c) manufactured handheld probe.

Handheld Scanning Probes for OCTTesting 2: in dentistry – for metal ceramic dental prostheses

DD

D

D D

D

DS

M

P1P2 I

MP

I

(a)

(b)

(c)

OCT investigations of metal ceramic prostheses using a handheld probe and a SD-OCT system: (a) B-scan of metalo-ceramic partially fixed prosthesis on the 1st molar (M) and on the 1st premolar (P1),

investigated in vivo – defects (D) in the depth of the ceramic layers at the level of the interface (I) between the 1st molar (M), first and 2nd premolar (P2);

(b) B-scan interface (I) of a metalo-ceramic partially fixed prosthesis with 5 elements pointed out an aeric insertions in the depth of the ceramic layers (one defect is shown as an example in the figure);

(c) B-scan investigation of metalo-ceramic partially fixed prosthesis with an open defect on the vestibular surface (DS), but also with several defects (D) in the depth of the material

(d) en face OCT image of a metalo-polymeric prosthesis obtained using the TD-OCT setup in our group (example considered to show the different porosity of the polymeric material). 21

(d)

3.3. Polygon Mirror Scanners

22

Metrology: The “Optical Micrometer”

Laser

L=f e

R

L1 L2

PD(O.A.) dD α

PM

h

ω

V. F. Duma, „Novel approaches in the designing of polygon scanners,” Proc. SPIE 6785, 6785-1Q (2007).

The “Optical Micrometer”- Polygon mirror (PM) scanning system for dimensional measurements

Shape and distance measurements

23

As the polygonal mirror (PM)rotates, it transforms the fix beaminto a rotating one that scans probe space with the speed v.

The amount of time the photo-detector PD receivesno light signal is a measureof the dimension ‘d’of the object in the scan direction.

Laser

f e

R

L1

D α

PM

h(θ)

θ,ω

a

F-theta lensfor a linear scanwith constant speed.

PM-based Swept Sources (SS) for OCT

Polygon mirror (PM) based scanning filters for swept broadband laser

sources (off-axis setup for OCT) [1]

[1] W. Y. Oh, S. H. Yun, G. J. Tearney, and B. E. Bouma, "115 kHz tuning repetition rate ultrahigh-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser," Opt. Lett. 30, 3159-3161 (2005).

• high swept rate;• uni-directional;• on- [2] or off-axis [1] PM.

Example:

24

- The broadband laser beam comes through the collimator;

- It is diffracted on the grating;

- The rotating polygon selects only a certain beam (of a certain wavelength λ) to be redirected through the collimator:

The one that is perpendicular on the end mirror M.

Principle:ω

PM

λN

L2

λ1

M

α

L1

Grating

Collimator

e

h

(O.A.)

R

L=f v

O

[2] Yun, S. H., Boudoux, C., Tearney, G. J. and Bouma, B. E., “High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter,” Opt. Letters 28, 1981-1983 (2003).

4. Dentistry investigations of teeth and dental prostheses

using OCT

25

Oancea R., Bradu A., Sinescu C.*, Negru R. M., Negrutiu M. L., Antoniac I., Duma V. F., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface using optical coherence tomography, J of Adhesion Science and Technology 29(1), 49-58 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.974879

Sinescu C., Negrutiu M. L., Bradu A., Duma V.-F.*, and Podoleanu A. Gh., Noninvasive quantitative evaluation of the dentin layer during dental procedures using Optical Coherence Tomography, Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Paper ID 709076 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709076

Canjau S., Todea C., Negrutiu M.L., Sinescu C., Topala F.I., Marcauteanu C., Manescu A., Duma V.-F., Bradu A., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Optical Coherence Tomography for Non-Invasive ex vivo Investigations in Dental Medicine - a Joint Group Experience (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine/Modern Technologies in Medicine 7(1), 97–115 (2015), ISSN 2076-4243 http://dx.doi.org/10.17691/stm2015.7.1.13

4.1. Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface

using SS-OCT

26

Oancea R., Bradu A., Sinescu C.*, Negru R. M., Negrutiu M. L., Antoniac I., Duma V. F., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface using optical coherence tomography, J of Adhesion Science and Technology 29(1), 49-58 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.974879

Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface using OCT

Identification of the different types of defects regarding the results of the dental work - in the sealant material

(S) and in the interface between different sealant materials and the

teeth processed: (a)from the occlusal view (the 3D OCT

reconstruction), the sealant (S) is located only in the depth of the enamel

fissure (circled area); (b) from the occlusal view, the sealant (S) failed to fill some enamel fissures (white

arrows); (c) the B–scan presents an open

interface (white arrow) between the sealant (S) and the tooth structure;

(d) from the occlusal view, the sealant (S) presents a defect inside the material

(black arrow); (e) the B–scan presents a defect (white arrow) inside the sealant material (S).

S

Tooth

STooth

ToothS

Tooth

S

STooth

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Scale bars: 1 mm.

Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface using

OCTIdentification of the different types of defects

regarding the results of the dental work - in the sealant material (S) and in the interface between

different sealant materials and the teeth processed:

(f-i) Sample 3, right half reveals two defects (white arrows), where the B–scan shows

(f) besides a good interface between the sealant (S) and the enamel of the tooth, two closed sealant

defects, (g) the evolution of the left defect (white arrow)

which will open to the surface, (h) the evolution of the right defect (white arrow)

which will open to the surface, and finally (i) the C–scan reveals both material defects

inside the sealant.

Tooth

S

Tooth

Tooth

Tooth

Defects

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

Scale bars: 1 mm.Oancea R., Bradu A., Sinescu C.*, Negru R. M., Negrutiu M. L., Antoniac I., Duma V. F., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Assessment of the sealant/tooth interface using optical coherence tomography, J of Adhesion Science and Technology 29(1), 49-58 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2014.974879

4.2. Noninvasive Quantitative Evaluation of the Dentin Layer

during Dental Procedures using OCT

29

Sinescu C., Negrutiu M. L., Bradu A., Duma V.-F.*, and Podoleanu A. Gh., Noninvasive quantitative evaluation of the dentin layer during dental procedures using Optical Coherence Tomography, Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Paper ID 709076 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709076

Evaluation of the Dentin Layer using TD-OCT

(a) Volumetric OCT reconstructions of the drilled cavity - in real time during the dentistry procedure - illustrating the upper wall of the pulp chamber; (b) Macroscopic approach on the morphology of this tooth - after sectioning the tooth after the procedure: there is still a lot of dentin left under the drilled cavity to protect the pulp chamber; (c) Example for which the drilling already affected the pulp chamber by opening the pulp horns accidentally (the opening is proved by inserting an endodontic needle from the drilled cavity through the pulp horn towards the pulp chamber) .Notations: (1) drilled cavity on the occlusal surface of the tooth; (2) ceiling of the pulp chamber; (3) pulp horns (difficult to evaluate during a normal drilling process); (4) pulp chamber.

Drilled cavity

(4) Pulpchamber

2 mm

1 mm

(a)

(2) Dentin layer

(b) (c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)(2)

(1)

(3)

(4)

Evaluation of the Dentin Layer using TD-OCT

Real time OCT-based evaluations of the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) between the drilled cavity and the pulp chamber:

(a) measurement of the safety limit of the RDT; (b) decrease of the dentin layer towards the critical value of its thickness

(for which a fracture cannot be avoided); (c) image taken just before the fracture in the dentin is initialized;

(d) communication between the drilled cavity and the pulp chamber, demonstrated using OCT.

Drilled cavity

Pulpchamber

Pulpchamber

Drilled cavity

~ 0.5 mm

~ 0.3 mm ~ 0.15 mm

1 mm

1 mm

2 mm

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

~ 0.05 mm

Drilled cavity

~ 0.25 mm

Drilled cavity

Pulp chamber

Pulpchamber

Communication between the

drilled cavity and the pulp

chamber

2 mm

2 mm

1 mm

1 mm

5. OCT in Material Studies

32

Hutiu Gh., Duma V. F.*, Demian D., Bradu A., and Podoleanu A. Gh., Surface imaging of metallic material fractures using optical coherence tomography, Applied Optics 53(26), 5912-5916 (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.005912

Results: OCT vs. SEM

(a)

1

23

4

5

6

1

5

4

23

6

(c)

(b)

Imaging the fracture of OL 37 steel: (a) frontal SEM overview of the entire sample; (b) SEM image; (c) OCT image of the same area.

Ductile fracture

•6 grains were numbered on the SEM and OCT images in order to allow for their comparison.

•On both images that the grains broke in a trans-granular manner

=> ductile/shearing fracture, which is produced inside the crystal grains in sliding planes with maximum atom density.

Indeed, all the grains in (b) and (c) are broken: they all miss their peaks.

•Furthermore, the ductile fracture crack propagates along the maximum tangential stress of the load applied, i.e. under a 45˚ angle from the tensile stress applied.

This is best seen on grain 2 (c), which is both on the direction of the tensile stress and on the frontal direction of view.

6. Optical Choppers

34

Duma V. F., Theoretical approach on optical choppers for top-hat light beam distributions, Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 10(6), 064008 (2008)http://iopscience.iop.org/1464-4258/10/6/064008/

Duma V. F., Optical choppers with circular-shaped windows: Modulation functions, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 16(5), 2218-2224 (2011) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2010.04.043

Duma V. F., Prototypes and modulation functions of classical and novel configurations of optical chopper wheels, Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 10(1), 5-18 (2013)http://www.lajss.org/index.php/LAJSS/article/view/510/463

35

Overview of the Research

(1) Classical choppers

R

2δ

2r=>

Modulation signals

produced

for top-hat laser beams

→

(2) “Eclipse” choppers

ρ

R

2r

R

ρ

2δ1

(3) Prototype wheels & module (4) Programs for modeling & simulations

→

Duma V. F., J of Opti 10, 064008 (2008) Duma V. F., CNSNS 16, 2218-2224 (2011)

Duma V. F., Latin Am J Solids and Structures 10, 5-18 (2013)

Translation of Research Experience into the Students’ Curricula

[1] Duma V.F.*, Mnerie C., Demian D., Hutiu G., Kaposta I., Building an Optomechatronics Group in a young university in Western Romania, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 9289, 928913, 12th Education and Training in Optics and Photonics (ETOP), Porto 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2070774

IT

Optics

Mechanics

Electronics

EE, 3rd year: Computer Peripherals:•Scanning heads for printers;•Optical systems of webcams,

photographic apparatuses and cameras;Modeling, Identification and

Simulation•Analytical and experimental identification

of GS models;•Matematical modeling and

Matlab/Simulink simulations of GSs;•Multi-parametric analysis of PM

scanners;•Actuators modeling;

Automatic Control Systems•Design, simulation and applications of control structures with different types of

controllers for 1-D GSs;EE, 4th year, Biomedical Engineering:

•Biomedical imaging;•OCT, confocal and multiphoton

microscopy;

EE, 4th year: Instrumentation:•Laser sources;

•Virtual Instrumentation – Labview (National Instruments platform);

•Advanced optomechanical scanners;•Optomechanical choppers;

•Handheld probes for OCT; and confocal microscopy;•MEMS (Micro-Electro-mechanical Systems);

•Endoscope probes;•TD (Time Domain), FD (Fourier Domain), SD

(Spectral Domain) and SS (Swept Sources) OCT systems:

•Modules of OCT systems;

ME, 1st year: Materials Studies•OCT in the non-distructive evaluations of non-metallic and composite

materials;ME, 2nd year: Mechanisms

•Polygon scanners – optical cam;•Risley prisms scanners and gears – an analogy;

•Dynamic aspects of optomechanical scanners – fast rotating shafts;

EE, 1st year: Numerical Methods:•Graphic representations of transfer functions;

•Animations of optical choppers;•Calculus of the areas between two curves - applications for optomechanical devices.

ME, 3rd year: Mechanical Systems:•On-line non-contact industrial measuring systems with

optomechanical scanners;CAD-CAM (Mechanical Design):

•FEA of fast rotating PMs;•Assemblies of GS-based handheld probes;

•Mechanical design of optical choppers;

OPTOMECHATRONICS

Acknowledgements

The current research is being supported by:

Romanian Authority for Research through PARTNERSHIP Grant 1682 / 2011 (2012-2015).

Thank you!37

The research was previously supported by:

Romanian Authority for Research through IDEAS Grant 1896/2008 (2009-2011).

US Department of State through Fulbright Senior Scholar Research Grant 474 / 2009 (Inst. of Optics, UoRochester,

Sept. 2009-June 2010).

http://3om-group-optomechatronics.ro/