Touchstone#2

Unit 4-5-6

Future with Going toExamples:

•I’m going to buy something special.

•You’re going to get a present.

•She’s going to be 50.•We’re going to send some flowers.•They’re going to have a party.

•What are you going to do for you birthday? I’m not going to do anything special.

•Are you going to have a party? Yes, we are. We’re going to invite all our friends.

We use the Going to with future meaning to talk about personal plans, intentions or decision to do something.To talk about predictions about future actions or events ( evidence).Reduction of going to: /gɔʏητә/ or /gʌnnә/

Vague Responses

I don’t knowI’m not sureMaybeIt depends

Indirect Objects/Pronouns

Indirect Objects

•I’m going to buy my mother something special.•Let’s send Mom and Dad some flowers.

Indirect Objects Pronouns

•Me•You•Him•Her•Us•Them

Examples•I’m going to buy her something special-•Let’s send them some flowers.

Direct object :WHAT? -What are you going to send? Some flowers.Indirect Object: WHO? – Who are you going to send some flowers? Mom and Dad.

Present Continuous-Future Meaning.

ING Going to

What are you doing for New Year’s Eve? What are you going to do for New Year’s Eve?

We’re going to The Sea Grill for dinner. We’re going to somewhere for dinner.

We’re meeting friends there at 8:30. We’re going to meet some friends there at 8:30.

Use the ING or Going to -to talk about plans.Present Continuous is often used for plans with specific times and places.Use Going to for predictions. Ex. •It’s going to be fun. (It’s being fun.) •It’s going to rain tomorrow. ( It’s raining tomorrow.)

Be Born

Where were you born?

• I was born in Canada.• I wasn’t born in Canada.

Where were your parents born?

• They were born in Hong Kong.• They weren’t born in the US.

Time expressionsDid you live there for a long time? How long did you live in Brazil?

Yes, (I did). I lived there for six years.No, (I didn’t). I didn’t live there long.

Did she move here last year?Yes, (she did). She moved in May.No, (she didn’t) She moved in 2002.

We lived there until I was six. From 1986 to 1992.We didn’t leave until 1992. Then we came to the US.

When did they come here?They came here about three years ago.They came when Ling was sixteen.

Time expression using adverbs, conjunctions and prepositionsFor (prep) + period of time = for six years / a long time.In (prep) + a specific point in time = in May / in 2002.From (prep)____to (prep)_____ + specific point in time = from May to July …Ago (adv.) time expression + ago = six months ago.Until (conj.) + clause with specific point in time = We lived there until I was six.Until (prep.) +a specific point in time = until February/ 1992…Then / and then + a sentence / clause =Then we moved… And then we…..

Use

• (For ) Long: in questions and negative sentences. For long is used in affirmative sentences.

• From---to--- :indicates a period of time• Ago: is used to tell how long before the present.• Until :means “up to a specific point in time”.• When: begins a time clause used with simple past

means “at the same time” or “immediately after”• Then: formal writing is used with and Can stand at

the beginning of sentences.

Determiners/QuantifiersGeneral Specific

All children learn a language. All (of) the children in my town take English…..All of them

Most Canadians need French. Most of the people in my office know French……Most of us

Some students take Spanish. Some of the students in my class take Greek……Some of us

A few people are good at Latin. A few of my classmates got As……A few of them

No students like exams. None of my friends failed the exams……None of them

A lot of people speak English well. A lot of the people in this city speak English……A lot of them

Use

• All, most, some and a few---People an things in general (without of)

• Of—refer to more specific things.• A lot of—fixed expression…• No isn’t followed by of• After none of the verb can be plural or

singular.None of my friends like / likes English.