Totalitarian Leaders

Mussolini:

Country/Year to Power: Italy 1922-1945Political Party: Fascist Came to Power: March on Rome-demanded to

be named Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel

Nickname: Il DuceSecret Police: Black Shirts

Mussolini:

Strategies used to stay in Power: • Strengthened the military• Invaded Ethiopia to show power• Partnered with Hitler • Used propaganda and censorship

Stalin:

Country/Year to Power: USSR 1928-1953Political Party: CommunistCame to Power: Lenin died. Stalin named the

successor after having Trotsky exiled to Mexico and later executed

Nickname: Man of Steel Secret Police: Checka

Stalin:

Strategies used to stay in Power: • 5 Year Plans– Increased industry– Improved farming and transportation

• Used propaganda and censorship• Created Collectives (large farms) and the

Kulaks (wealthy farmers) resisted• The Great Purge- killing of political opponents

Hitler:

Country/Year to Power: Germany 1933-1945Political Party: Nazi Came to Power: Elected Chancellor of the

Weimar Republic-within a year names himself dictator. Creates the Nazi Party.

Nickname: Der Fuher Secret Police: Gestapo/SS Storm Troopers

Hitler

Strategies used to stay in Power: • Anti-Semitism (“against the Jew”)– Nuremburg Laws– Hitler Youth– Kristallnacht (“night of broken glass”)

• Mein Kampf (“my struggles”)-manifesto • Final Solution- exterminate Jews from Europe

(Holocaust)