total standards picture
DESCRIPTION
Total Standards Picture. Client PC and Server Must be Compatible at All Six Layers. Application. Application. Transport. Transport. Internet. Internet. LAN Subnet (NIC). LAN Subnet (NIC). Upper Layers. Application Layer Standard depends on the application File service - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Total Standards Picture• Client PC and Server Must be Compatible
at All Six Layers
Application
Transport
Internet
LAN Subnet(NIC)
Application
Transport
Internet
LAN Subnet(NIC)
Upper Layers
• Application Layer
– Standard depends on the application
– File service
– Print services
– Electronic mail
– Etc.Application (service)
Upper Layers
• Transport and Internet Layers
– All new servers use TCP/IP standards
– Transport layer: TCP
– Internet layer: IP
Transport (TCP)
Internet (IP)
Upper Layers
• Novell NetWare– Now uses TCP/IP– Before, used NetWare’s proprietary IPX/SPX– Many old NetWare servers still use IPX/SPX
Application
Transport
Internet
Other
SPX
IPX
NCP
IPX
Upper Layers
• Novell NetWare– IPX at the internet layer– NCP at transport & application
• File service, print service, etc.
– SPX sometimes at transportApplication
Transport
Internet
Other
SPX
IPX
NCP
IPX
Upper Layers
• All Servers on a LAN Use the Same Subnet Layer Standards, which are implemented by NICs
• Servers can differ in upper-layer standards
AppTCPIP
802.2802.3 MAC100Base-TX
AppSPXIPX
802.2802.3 MAC100Base-TX
App
NetBEUI
802.2802.3 MAC100Base-TX
Upper Layers• Client Software is Flexible
– Speaks TCP/IP to Windows NT Server, UNIX, new Novell NetWare Servers
– Speaks IPX/SPX to older NetWare Servers
– Simultaneously!
TCP/IP IPX/SPX