Total Participation TechniquesBy Persida Himmele and William Himmele

Characteristics of Successful and Unsuccessful Students

Number 3 is the scribe

A: 90-100%B 80-90%C: 70-80%D: Below 70%

Chapter 1: DEFINITION OF TPT

Total Participation Techniques are teaching techniques that allow for all students to demonstrate, at the same time, active participation and cognitive engagement in the topic being studied. (pg. 7)

Chapter 1:The Purpose for using TPT

Beach Ball scenario Bouncing around Not all students are engaged

Not being “listening objects” Lack of engagement leads to other problems

Low academics Behavior issues High dropout rates (which leads to crime) boredom

Chapter 1: Easy To Use

Same amount of planning time Not dependent on experience Becomes easier the more you use it

Start off intentionally Becomes a habit

Follows the Common Core Higher level thinking “digging deeper” Math Practice Standards

Chapter 2: Higher Order ThinkingHigher-Order Thinking

Lower-Order Thinking

Low Participation High Participation

3High Cognition/Low

ParticipationHigh order thinking for SOME

4High Cognition/High

ParticipationAll students are participating in higher

order thinking

1Low Cognition/Low

ParticipationTeaching is occurring, but learning is not

2Low Cognition/High

ParticipationLearning if forgotten because it is not

linked to anything

Chapter 3: Tools and Supplies

Having supplies ready, makes the use of TPT’s easier to manage. See pages 28-29 for a complete list of suggestions.

Laminated paper for a quick whiteboard

Flannel square for eraser Dry-erase pen Appointment clock Processing card

Suggestions: Make a supply box with tools

Scissors Glue Pencils~supply box for the whole class

TPT folder having materials suggested Multiple choice cards Hundred charts A-Z letter strip

Chapter 4 TPS- Quick easy way for all to

share their thoughts and reasoning for an answer. video

Quick-Writes: usually a quick 3 minute reflection (students can use word banks)

Quick-Draws: Select a “big idea” and ask students to reflect by drawing

Chalkboard Splash: Where all students get to put their quick write or draw on the board at the same time.

Thumbs up/down-video

Processing Card: Paper folded in half- one side says “Ready to Share” the other side says “Still Thinking”

Similes: Needs to be modeled and scaffold a lot before implementing. Good to start with fill in the blank sentences in beginning.

Ranking: Having students rank events in order. Helps with synthesizing and analyzing.

Numbered Heads Thumb Up/Down Voting

Chapter 5: Hold-ups Interaction based

activities Essential component is

student interaction Students reflect on

prompt, hold up answer, reflect on learning

Uses questions without easy answers to get higher level thinking

Feels like a game

Improve participation Improve on-task behavior Teacher provides more

feedback Able to use wrong

answers as teachable moments

Student come to their own conclusions by hearing opposing views and explaining their thinking.

Chapter 5: Examples of Hold-ups

Selected Response

Choices are

prepared

before hand

Fact / Opinion

Yes/NoPicture cards

Example video

Chapter 5: Examples of Hold-upsWhiteboard Hold-ups

Video example

Students hold up

white board for

analysis by peers

and teacher.

Chapter 5: Examples of Hold-upsNumber card Hold-ups*Variety of ways to use in math*Decks of number cards are used to answer questionsTrue/Not True Hold-ups*Makes kids think because very few things are black and whiteMultiple Choice Hold-ups*Great for impromptu selected response hold-ups*Could be done with clickers as well*Use A,B,C, D cards

Hold-ups are only meaningful if the students interact, analyze, debate, and defend their choices.

Chapter 6TPTs Involving Movement

“The mind can only absorb what the seat can endure.” –Bill Himmele’s (the author) father

There should be some form of movement in every lesson we teach. The need for movement is even more important for boys than girls.

Line-ups; Inside Outside Circles Three 3’s in a Row Networking Sessions Categorizing and Sorting Appointment Agendas Bounce Cards Mouth it, Air-Write it, or Show me Acting it Out, Roles Playing, and Concept Charades Simulations Cut and Pastes TPTs During Read Alouds

Line-Ups and Inside-Outside Circles

A Line-Up is a fun activity that allows students to move around the room sharing answers with different students.

Students stand in 2 parallel lines (or concentric circles) and face each other. Students respond to a prompt given by the teacher. Students talk over prompt and answer.

Ring bell and students will thank their partner and move to the next person.

Use questions and prompts that require discussion and connection-making.

Three 3’s in a Row This is an activity like Bingo; students answer questions in

boxes, then ask their classmates for feedback. It can be used as a quick assessment of what students

have learned. It leads to great conversations. Make sure your questions ensure higher-order thinking.

1. Prepare nine questions 2. Students walk around asking peers to explain one answer 3. Students summarize peers response in the box 4. Students find another peer and repeat 5. Go over as a class Caution- Only the owner of the paper writes on the paper.

TPT’s during a Read-Aloud

Use movement to describe and understand new vocabulary in a read-aloud.

Students act out their prediction. Students act out what happened in the story.

Chapter 7: Note-Taking and Concept Analysis

Note-Taking = Effective Students struggle (summarization skills/writing

verbatim/too much/too little) Non-stop stand and deliver = bad We want to transition our students from “listening

objects” to students that understand and analyze content

Confer, Compare, and Clarify

Confer = 1 sentence summary (TPS) Compare = Students read each other’s notes Clarify = students record questions Partners become groups Continue un-clarified questions in a Chalkboard Splash or

index cards for later Address questions before moving on

Graphic Organizers and Prepared Packets

In other words…Guided Notes Unit Packets with premade organizers for specific tasks

as well as blank organizers to be used willy-nilly Good way to get everyone engaged very quickly Road map for lessons/units

Anticipatory Guides In other words…Advanced Organizers True/False statements Pre-instruction set; students make predictions; based on

prior knowledge Pair-Share responses and rationales Debrief with Thumb Up/Down Votes Post-instruction set; students answer based on

instruction Compare to pre-instruction set and see if/how their

knowledge changed

Picture NotesPicture Pause 1 Picture Pause 2 Picture Pause 3

Topic Topic Topic

The Big Picture

Explanation:

Other Note-Taking Ideas 3-Sentence Wrap-Up Lecture T Chart A-Z Sentence Summaries Pause, Star, Rank (think and reflect on notes) Key-Word Dance Debate Team Carousel Technology-Based TPTs

Blogging Clickers

Chapter 8 TPTs make great formative assessments.

Formative assessments are informed judgments that teachers gather to help the student progress

affect learning because they help evaluate students’ knowledge then teachers adjust their teaching.

Formatives effect teaching, but they result in the formation of new learning.

Formatives cause new learning to take shape.

This types of assessment can have powerful positive results on student learning because teacher behavior becomes informed and instruction becomes targeted.

More facts about Formatives Engages students in taking ownership of their own

learning

Teachers are essential because we decide what are the needs of the student

What does formatives have to do with TPTs? TPTs can be formatives because they affect learning by giving teachers data.

TPTs and Expectations Change the way you teach and what you expect

because you will know what your student are able to accomplish

Teachers can have higher academic expectations

Students will rise to the challenge

Application of TPTs as Formatives Chalkboard Splash: All students write their answers

to a prompt then analyze similarities and differences of everyone’s responses

This technique can be a formative because the teacher can determine from each student’s response if the class can move on or they need more time with the concept

The teacher can also see any misunderstandings of the class any point in the lesson

Application of TPTs as Formatives Hold ups: Number card, True/False/Multiple Choice

We learned that hold-ups are only meaningful if the students interact, analyze, debate, and defend their choices

Unlike the Chalkboard Splash, the teacher can see which student did not understand the concept

We could get the same information from the independent practice. This is a way to get evaluative information through student participation

Last Two TPTs and Formatives Quick writes/Quick Draws lets the teacher know the level

of each student (literal/concrete, inferential, abstract)

One Liner wall is a wall of one sentence each student has written. This is a good formative just like the quick write/quick draws because the level of each student is apparent in the one sentence.

Can guide students to more higher order thinking because the students are learning from peers who are at that level

A teacher can also show a student’s progression through the year through one liners.

CHAPTER 9BUILDING A TPT CONDUCIVE

CLASSROOM• You have to plan TPT in your everyday lessons

• Get comfortable with the idea that students will be taking over some over the communication (teachers talk less= students talking more

• Build a classroom environment that establishes trust & acceptance • Honor student differences & promote peer

acceptance

• Best thing about TPT: no longer guessing game for who is learning; you observe growth as it is happening• Celebrate learning along side your students as it is

happening

Appreciating Student Differences* To get the very best from students they need to know they are free to think & try!!!

* Using TPT we get to see the differences in our students

- The quite ones- Great ideas/ deep thinkers

Fostering Student CollaborationNothing is

more valuable than students

talking to each other!!!

GROUPS Choose own group Heterogeneous Strategically

o Trust them to make their own groups; more willing to share & collaborate

o Activity determines grouping

Peer Rejection & Peer Acceptance Students need to feel safe to participate & share

They all have unique talents Using the ripple effect to build a safe environment

RIPPLE EFFECT1. Quick draw; Quick write; etc2. First ripple: when you ask them to share with

peer3. Outer ripple: ask pairs to join; bounce ideas off

each other Shared & had success with peers they feel safe

to share with whole class & teachers Good for: Socially awkward group; Special Needs;

ELL

Building Confidence/ Building Trust* Teacher is Key

Use body language and words that show them you care

o Trust is earned: Slow down and analyze what they need

Post these: • I trust You!

• I trust that you want to learn• I trust that you have amazing things to share, and I’m going to

shape opportunities so you can share them• I trust that you can learn from each other

• I trust that our collective differences make us all a bit smarter• I trust that if you trust yourself, the best in you will come out

Walking around & Follow through• TPT emphasizes that you get evidence of

active participation• Walk around• Engage students• Respond to key words: content based

conservations• Redirect off task students by asking on topic

questions

• Ask them to “Tell you more” • Explain themselves• Understand where went wrong• Follow reasoning• Scaffold backward: see error in thinking