tot on cc adaptation session 4.1 tools and frameworks using vca & cedra terry cannon
TRANSCRIPT
TOT on CC Adaptation
Session 4.1 Tools and Frameworks
Using VCA & CEDRA
Terry Cannon
What is VCA?
• A version of PRA tools modified for disaster vulnerability
• We can modify it for adaptation to climate change
• Participatory: the people get involved – as important as the product itself
• You can get quantitative data• It is a powerful way of cross-checking other
information• It can help to make a questionnaire much more
effective
International Federation of Red Cross
VCA methodology for disaster vulnerability and capacity assessment
Many other examples from NGOs etc
Three examples from VCA
A: Community mapping
B: Institution (power) mapping
C: Problem tree – diagnosing causes
• People in a group draw a map of their community and what is important in it
• Use paper, sticks in the earth, colour pens• Should be easy for people to reach – can be on
the ground but older people may not be comfy• Can do several “layers” –
– basic information and vulnerabilities– Risks and hazards – all types– Resources and sources of resilience
• Goal is to empower people to think about risks and risk reduction
A: Community mapping
Community mapping
• Better if you do it after a transect walk or walkabout– People get involved, you can identify participants– Should allow for “spontaneous” focus groups e.g.
Turkey RC Izmir – women, disabled….Can do mapping with different groups – e.g. women, children – they often show different maps and pictures
• Could use simple cheap digital cameras and get people to take photos to link to map – collect results a week later
“Make that change” Red Cross IFRC
http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/UIN11E/uin11e0c.htm
Kenya study by UNU
Using Google Earth for mapping
• Images can be used to correlate with community maps
• Quality of images varies a lot• You can put markers on Google Earth to
log information and share it with others• In Disaster Risk Reduction this could be
used to pressure for government action to reduce risks – e.g. highlighting dangerous schools
Murshidabad, West Bengal
B: Institution (Power) mapping
• Often uses Venn diagrams (chapati diagrams…)
• Size of circle shows level of power
• Various ways to show power relationships
• Important to centre on the people in survey
• It will involve disputes – power is about conflicts
• Call it institution mapping!!
FAO example of a typical Venn diagram – it shows different sizes for various institutions and levels of power
World Bankhttp://images.google.co.uk/url?q=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/Analyzing_Social_Capital_in_Context-FINAL.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHu7YyqE64M4t0N0GE1QKSVZROc_Q
Benefits and drawbacks of method
• Engages people – you have to think about power and influence of different actors
• May be sensitive – we leave but the people are stuck there, and we may stir up a hornets nest…
• Maps may use the idea of distance and space – people may take a while to understand how to use this
• E.g. they may show an institution as being distant, even though it is immensely powerful
Problem Tree
• Identifies factors that are important in creating a problem
• Helps to identify the causes• Can be used to design projects and
activities that reduce causes rather than treating the symptoms
• Will help to identify what you can and cannot do
• Needs for campaigns and advocacy to reduce causes
CEDRA
Climate Change and Environmental Degradation Risk & Adaptation Assessment
From Tearfund
Key benefits of CEDRA
• It links climate problems with environmental degradation
• It clarifies what the NGO project can and cannot do
• Advises on how to connect with other stakeholders
• Shows how to link up to scientific knowledge and local knowledge
Possible limitation
• Lack of clarity on how to link disaster context with the “everyday” issue of livelihoods and climate trends and variability
• But we are ALL learning on this – we can invent and modify!