tot manual for pats master trainers - community-led total … · 7 guiding booklet for wash club...

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Guiding Booklet for WASH Club

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 6

SANITATION SITUATION IN PAKISTAN ........................................................................................................ 7

SPSP – RURAL & PATS INTEGRATED MODEL ........................................................................................... 8

WHO WILL USE THIS GUIDING BOOKLET? ................................................................................................. 9

INTRODUCTION TO SANITATION ................................................................................................................. 10

CLIMBING LADDER TOWARDS TOTAL SANITATION .............................................................................. 10

SCHOOL LED TOTAL SANITATION (SLTS) ................................................................................................ 11

CONCEPT ........................................................................................................................................................... 11

OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

EXPECTED OUTCOMES ...................................................................................................................................... 12

WASH CLUB FORMATION ............................................................................................................................. 12

TORS OF WASH CLUB ..................................................................................................................................... 13

ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF WASH CLUB MEMBERS.................................................................................. 14

MONITORING INDICATORS ................................................................................................................................. 15

RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF WASH CLUB .................................................. 16

SLTS ACTIVITY CALENDAR .................................................................................................................................... 21

IMPORTANCE OF HYGIENE SESSIONS IN SCHOOLS ............................................................................. 21

ODF VILLAGE CERTIFICATION CRITERIA & PROCESS .......................................................................... 24

ODF CERTIFICATION PROCESS ........................................................................................................................ 25

BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION (BCC) CAMPAIGNS IN SCHOOL SETTINGS AND PRACTICAL

DEMONSTRATION OF IEC MATERIAL ................................................................................................................. 25

WHY BEHAVIOUR CHANGE COMMUNICATION ................................................................................................... 26

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BCC STRATEGY ................................................................................................... 27

OUT COME ......................................................................................................................................................... 27

MAIN OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................................ 27

AGENDA ............................................................................................................................................................ 31

REGISTRATION SHEET .................................................................................................................................. 36

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR THE WASH CLUB MEMBERS /TRAINEES ................................................ 37

PRE & POST TEST ........................................................................................................................................... 38

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List of Abbreviations

BCC Behaviour Change Communication

CAP Community Action Plan

CBO Community Based Organization

CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitation

CRP Community Resource Person

CSO Civil Society Organization

EDO–E Executive District Officer - Education

EDO–H Executive District Officer – Health

EV Extreme Vulnerable

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GoP Government of Pakistan

HH Household

HW Hand Washing

IEC Information Education Communication

IP Implementing Partner

KAP Knowledge Attitude and Practice

KI Key Informant

LG&RD Local Government & Rural Development

LHW Leady Health Worker

LSO Local Support Organization

M&E Monitoring & Evaluation

MDG Million Development Goal

MTR Mid-Term Review/Evaluation

NFR Note For Record

NGO Non-Government Organization

NOC No Objection Certificate

ODF Open Defecation Free

PATS Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal

PTA Parents Teachers Association

RSPN Rural Support Programmes Network

RuSFAD Rural Sanitation for Flood Affected Districts

SLTS School-Led Total Sanitation

SMC School Management Committee/Council

SO Social Organizer

SPSP Sanitation Programme at Scale in Pakistan

TORs Terms of References

TOT Training of Trainers

UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene

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92% of the population has access to water

48% of the population has access to sanitation but details show that this access is inequitable among the urban and rural population as only 34% of the rural population has access to sanitation in comparison to 72% urban population.

Poor sanitation is one of the contributors of poverty and in Pakistan 22.3% 0f the population is living below the poverty line and here again there is inequality in urban and rural population.

Poor sanitation coverage has increased the rate of malnutrition, mortality of under five children, and poor sanitation in high risk polio districts is alarming as the affected cases may rapidly effects a large population is poor sanitary conditions

Sanitation Situation in Pakistan

In Pakistan, diarrhoea is the leading cause of mortality for children under 5 (PDHS 2007-8)

where 116,013 children under the age of 5 die due to diarrhoea each year, translating into the

loss of life of 13 Pakistani children per hour (PDHS 2007-8). Children also suffer

disproportionately from sickness due to diarrheal disease with almost 25 million cases (PSLM

2006-7) reported annually. Major reasons for diarrhoea are a lack of access to clean drinking

water, poor hygiene status and, poor sanitation. The already dismal situation of sanitation in

Pakistan was further deteriorated by the devastating floods of 2010 which affected more than 20

million people across the country.

Pakistan is also lagging behind in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for

Sanitation. The UNICEF and WHO’s Joint Monitoring Program estimated (JMP 2012 update

report) that sanitation facilities are available only to 48% ( 72 % Urban, 34% Rural) but this

number is still with huge disparities that exist between rural and urban areas of the total

population. In rural areas an estimated 34% of the total rural population defecates in the open

while only 26% has unimproved sanitation and only 6% share sanitation facilities. An estimated

40 million people in Pakistan still practice open defecation which therefore indicates a huge

scope for providing improved sanitation facilities to the people in need.

The Pakistan National Sanitation Policy 2006 also focuses on creating an open defecation free

(ODF) environment using various total sanitation models. Based on lessons learned from the

total sanitation model previously implemented in Pakistan and keeping in view the socio

economic, political, cultural and rapid climate changes and frequent occurrence of disaster, a

Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation (PATS) was introduced by the Ministry of Environment in

2011. As an integrated sanitation model, PATS provides greater flexibility in programming and

an opportunity to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

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The Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation (PATS) is achieving and sustaining an open

defecation free environment both in rural and urban context with clear emphasis towards

behaviour change and social mobilization enhancing the demand side of sanitation. The

approach also endorses the use of a number of branded total sanitation models, having a key

role of communities, which include:

Community Led Total Sanitation

School Led Total Sanitation

Component Sharing

Sanitation Marketing

Disaster Response

SPSP – Rural & PATS integrated model

Based on experiences from RUSFAD, another program Sanitation Program at Scale in Pakistan

(SPSP) –Rural was initiated in 2012 in areas that were flood affected, had a high risk of Polio,

and were insecure. This program is being implemented in 14 districts of Pakistan through

different implementing partners. Under the Sanitation Program at Scale in Pakistan (SPSP) -

Rural six (6) pillars of integrated total sanitation model were introduced i, e. (1) linkages

development with duty bearers, 2) sanitation demand creation for ODF communities, 3)

sustaining demand through supply side interventions, 4) participatory health and hygiene

promotion, 5) attaining 100% adequate drainage and waste water treatment and 6) knowledge

management. The integrated model is further illustrated through following diagram:

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Who will Use this Guiding Booklet?

WASH club guiding booklet is prepared for the master trainer, Social Organizer or CRPs to build

the capacity of WASH club members and school teachers on School Led Total Sanitation

(SLTS). The school teachers can also use this guiding booklet to further train other members of

WASH club (if and when required).

This booklet would also guide the users about the introduction of the PATS approach, SPSP-

Rural, formation of WASH club, its functions and linkages development with the stake holders

(SMC, PTAs etc).

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DISPLAY SLIDE FOR SANITATION AND COMPONENTS

What is Sanitation?

Sanitation: The processes whereby people demand, effect,

and sustain a hygienic and healthy environment for

themselves by erecting barriers to prevent the transmission

of water and sanitation related diseases.

[Safe disposal of both liquid and dry waste is regarded

sanitation, technical definition]

It refers to the combination of hardware and software

components that are necessary to produce a healthy

environment and to develop or support safe hygiene

behaviours.

Examples of Hard components: 1. Hand pump, 2.Tap

connection, 3. Rain water tank, 1. Construction of Latrine, 2.

Water container for hand washing.

Examples of Soft Components: 1. Hygiene behavioural

change, and Activist training

Introduction to Sanitation

Sanitation: The processes whereby

people demand, effect, and sustain a

hygienic and healthy environment for

themselves by erecting barriers to

prevent the transmission of water and

sanitation related diseases.

Climbing Ladder Towards

Total Sanitation

The sanitation ladder is one of the important concepts

for the planners, implementer’s and the communities in

which sanitation programs is implemented. It focuses

that once a step on sanitation ladder is achieved at the

community level or individual level the one always try

to sustain the achievement or move up on the ladder.

1. If no resource or facility is available then the

faecal matter can be covered with mud. In

order to take the first step on to the “Sanitation

Ladder” behaviour change is critical.

2. In areas where successful social mobilization

has triggered behavior change, the next issue

is technology options to contain and confine

human excreta. The most convenient and

cheapest option available is pit latrine.

3. Once the community is sensitized and trained

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for fixed point defecation, they can be explained the option of ventilated improved

soakage pit latrine.

The next step of improved sanitation is pour flush twin soakage latrine.

4. The best and most highly recommended standard of sanitation for a community is

septic tank with soakage pit OR sewer line.

School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS)

School Led Total Sanitation approach is a progressive step towards Total Sanitation

emphasizes on effective mobilization of WASH club to motivate the communities to build and

use the latrine. SLTS, which is developed as a complete package of school and community

sanitation, comprises the basic elements of sanitation program.

School is a respectable and permanent community institution, so SLTS program has regarded it

as an entry point to sanitation promotion. Similarly, it has recognized the teachers and members

of SMC and PTA as the mover and shaker of the society to lead sanitation promotion. The

program has also emphasized on an effective mobilization of the WASH club, the change

agents. It has envisioned making school and its catchment area free from open defecation and

gradually achieves perfection in personal, households and environmental sanitation. For this,

motivation of communities and students is taken as a key step towards behavioural

transformation and latrine promotion through enhanced partnership of school, local level

organizations and community.

Concept

School is a respectable, important and permanent community institution. So, SLTS is

regarded as an entry point for SPSP-Rural. Similarly, it has recognized the teachers and

members of SMC/PTA as the mover and shaker of the society to lead sanitation interventions.

The approach has also emphasized on an effective mobilization of WASH club’ members, as

change agents. It has envisioned making school and its catchments free from open defecation

and gradually achieving perfection in personal, households and environmental sanitation. For

this, motivation of communities and students is taken as a key step towards behavioural

transformation and latrine promotion through enhanced partnership and linkages development

among school, local level organizations and community.

Objective

SLTS aims at making the school and its catchments free from open defecation with the

collaborative efforts of the stakeholders. WASH club is also used to sensitize the students,

teachers, parents and communities about health hazards caused by open defecation. Besides,

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it also aims at following:

Develop the student and school as the role model in sanitation for promoting personal,

household and environmental sanitation

• Development of open defecation free communities within school catchments by

ensuring that every household has access to latrines.

• Promotion of hand washing with soap in school and communities

• Enhancement in innovativeness and leadership capacity of students

• Development of school and community partnership through sanitation promotion

• Promotion of sustainable child friendly and gender friendly WASH facilities in school

• Management of waste water and solid waste in school

Expected Outcomes

In the long run, the program will contribute to reduce child mortality and develop healthy and

productive human resources with the reduction of diarrhoeal diseases. It will also help

enhance community’s self- realization, build up the feeling of their ownership towards

program, scale it up, raise their self-esteem and social standing. And there will be visible

increase in student’s enrolment and reduction in drop-out rates. Ultimately, it will contribute to

enhance quality education and the holistic development of students through strengthened

school -community partnership and social harmony.

WASH Club Formation

1. Selection of Schools to be finalized with willingness of principal and signing of MOU

2. Selection of two active teachers who are popular amongst students and have interest in

working for the improvement of environment.

3. Selection of member’s student (2 from each class) shall include the children of class 3 to

class 8.

Register the WASH Club members and assign the duties to WASH club members as per the

TORs of WASH Club.

After the formation of the WASH club following TORs will be given to the members:

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TORs of WASH Club

School WASH club if active can play a very important role in providing the services to

school.

The WASH Club will coordinate with SMC and PTA.

They will provide the functional sanitation services to the children and teachers.

School sanitation committees will provide the clean and safe sanitation facility.

WASH club will share the hygiene messages.

WASH club will ensure that hand washing stations are provided and soap is available.

WASH club will ensure that wash rooms are accessible to male and female children

during school hours.

WASH club will propagate if the proper services for disable children is not available in

the school.

WASH forums will celebrate the hygiene events to raise awareness among the

community.

WASH club will generate resources for maintenance of facilities through different

activities.

WASH club will represent the school to respective Village Sanitation Committee; they

will give their opinion in construction of facilities for the students.

It is important to understand that the roles of WASH club members must not be prepared on a

set pattern as the WASH roles can be different from area to area or as per the culture which

allows to acquire certain roles very effectively by children or may apprehend certain activities in

school or community.

The structure of WASH club is flexible as it depends on children that how they will decide that

how they can contribute in a better way to perform effectively.

The children will decide about the meetings and agenda of WASH club and the process of

implementing the action required.

The teacher, SMC members and PTA member of the school will be honorary members of

WASH club and will have an independent opinion about the decisions ‘of WASH club they will

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monitor the reasons why certain issues are not addressed or there are delay in the issues and

will submit their reports to the EDO education to take up the issues to higher levels.

Role and Responsibility of WASH Club Members

The WASH club detailed responsibilities can be

1. Preparing the action plan with WASH members to ensure that school children have

access to safe latrines and are using it properly and practicing hand washing practices at

critical timings.

2. They ensure the soap availability at the hand washing stations. They can arrange soap

by mobilizing school management through school funds and if not possible than through

the WASH clubs funds or material received from any stakeholder

3. School WASH club children will actively participate in the activity of hygiene promotion,

as per the agreed strategy.

4. School will engage with local representative of government in the community to support

the WASH club campaign through their participation and contribution of resource

material that may be required to conduct those campaigns.

5. WASH club will explore the alternative resources that could be generated through the

disposal of solid waste to provide resources for soap availability.

6. WASH club will actively contribute in advocating the community to attain ODF status, for

this the school teacher will help the students to organize different awareness raising

activities within the community or in school premises through celebration of events.

7. WASH club will manage the funds and will also generate the activities of fund

generation.

It is important to understand that the roles and responsibilities of WASH club can be flexible and

should be finalized among the member of WASH club; but it must be ensured in sanitation

programs that each WASH club must address the issues of social inclusion and disability while

promoting hygiene practices. Addressing the issues of equity, inclusion and disability will

facilitate all the children to get access for school WASH services and facilities.

As WASH club role is not limited to school, they also perform their role in the community. The

following table will guide the WASH members about their role at school and community level:

School Community

Regular Cleaning of School Compound Construction of Household (HH) latrines and

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School Community

appropriate drainage system

Cleanliness of WASH facilities Follow-up household and ensure that they properly use and maintain the latrines

Provision of garbage pits / bins in schools Display of key Health & Hygiene messages on prominent places in the community

Participation in WASH and BCC activities Mobilize communities for early ODF status

WASH Club formed and efficiently active Organize and participate in BCC campaigns

Participation of teachers Open Defecation Free status being monitored and maintained

Involvement of SMC / PTA

Maintenance of WASH Facilities (User Friendly) – Operational

Open Defecation Free status

SLTS activities documented and communicated among students

Activity Register in place & updated

While performing the WASH club in the school and community both members and teachers

should know that their activities should not create any conflict among the children and

community The activities should follow the do not harm approach and equal importance should

be given to all the children and without discriminating a child due to his/her physical health and

cast Conflicts can be avoided through participatory approaches and with clear and complete

messages which are not biased towards certain community groups, religion or ethnic clusters. If

any conflict arises in the school or in the community teacher can play his/her role being an elder

of the group and settle the issue in a way which benefit to all.

The cultural context and local customs must be studied in detail when implementing WASH

Club activities.

Monitoring Indicators

Monitoring of activities is an important part of roles and responsibilities as the activities will not

performed as per the standards if the indicators are not identified and monitoring frame work is

not prepared.

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1- Monitoring Indicators for Sanitation Facilities:

Availability of safe toilet for boys and girls separately

Hand washing facility with soap and water

Adequate safe Water for drinking

Proper safe drainage

Clean Environment

3-Monitoring indicators of Use and maintenance of services

All children use toilets

Children practicing hand washing at critical timings

Cleanliness of toilet and availability of water is ensured

WASH in School Internal Stake Holders

School Children

WASH club

School Administration

SMC

PTA

The next step for the WASH club members is to monitor the hygiene promotion activities in the

school. All the indicators will be recorded as per the monitoring frame work. Indicators for

Hygiene promotion activities can be

Resource Mobilization and Sustainability

of WASH Club

Resource mobilization is one of the important

activities for carrying out different activities in the

school for maintenance of the facilities and

2- Monitoring indicators of Hygiene Promotion activities

Hygiene Promotion activities are regularly performed

Hygiene education is participatory and life skill based

Parents and community are involved collectively through different events/celebrations

Children are using toilet properly and cleanliness of the latrine will be ensured

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Salient features of wash club

To build capacity of schools and communities in order to facilitate behavioral and attitudinal changes among children and communities.

Enhance students’ innovativeness and leadership capacity

Develop partnership of school and community

Develop ownership among the children towards their environment.

Promote child/gender friendly WASH facilities in school

WASH in School External Stake Holders

Community Members

Village Organization

SMC

PTA

District authorities

hygiene promotion as well for the assurance of the soap availability. The sources for fund

generation depend upon the internal and external stake holders of the sanitation programs.

Out of these stakeholders the School Management Councils and parent teacher associations

are important part of institutional funds availability and their authorities for utilization. A close

working relationship between the WASH club and these school level bodies will help in address

the initial needs of funds. The fund generation activities can be generated by various school

level activities.

The exemplary activities can be resource generation through recycling of paper waste, school

events, water and sanitation melas/ exhibitions and nominal registration fees.

1. For establishing WASH club, here are the steps to be followed:

Awareness raising

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Mobilization of WASH Club

Orientation of teachers, members of SMC & PTA and VDC secretary/member

Liaison with Village Sanitation Committee

Development and implementation of school and community level plan of action

Generation of funds in school to construct WASH facilities

Construction, use and operation & maintenance of WASH facilities in schools

Use of PRA tools for community sensitization to stop open defecation

Implementation of advocacy/awareness raising activities during implementation of SPSP-

Rural

Development of social map and base line data on monitoring indicators

Development of documentation system in school

Formation and mobilization of Community Action Group, (if required) or link with VSC

Reward and recognition of individual/organization/communities

Promotion of innovative and creative activities in sanitation

Self-monitoring and follow-up of school and community level actions

Facilitate, organize and participate in BCC campaigns

Develop child as a change agent

Behavior Change and empowerment

Capacity building

2. Various steps for mobilization of WASH club are:

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SLTS Activity Calendar

SLTS/WASH activity calendar suggested is as under:

Activity

Code

Activity

Description Responsible

Start

Date

End

Date Deliverable/output/Remarks

Importance of Hygiene Sessions in Schools

Along with community hygiene session school hygiene sessions are very important as this is

denial of basic rights of children. It is usually observed that if WASH facilities are not working

then major consequences are;

Denial of basic rights of children.

It is disrespectful for the children.

Children may face sexual violence.

More children suffer from diarrhea and water borne diseases.

Open defecation around school brings in flies and diseases.

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Expected Positive Impacts of Hygiene Education

Children have basic right to have access to safe sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, clean

drinking water and basic information on hygiene.

If the children have knowledge they can share the same with their families this will ultimately

leads to improving the awareness about the sanitation and hygiene.

The children are the upcoming new generation so once the behaviours are changed from

child hood there is more chances of sustainable change in behaviour and practices of

practicing sanitation and hygiene.

Improved sanitation practices will apprehend the transmission routes of water and sanitation

related diseases.

As the water and sanitation related diseases have their greater effect on school aged children

especially to those who are in elementary classes.

The average loss of cognitive levels is acutely effected by worm infestation and malnutrition

related to poor sanitation and hygiene practices

Example of Skill Based Hygiene

Education

-Knowledge about the spread of

diarrheal diseases and its route of

spread.

-Change in attitude toward the

sanitation services and facilities

-Practices of Hand Washing at critical

timings.

If the hygiene sessions are given in schools regularly it brings in very positive changes in the

behaviour of school children which may latter on influence others in community.

In school settings the hygiene education is a tricky thing and it is appropriate to conduct the

sessions through skill based hygiene education. The skill based hygiene education is a

complete methodology which delivers the knowledge of hygiene by practicing it through

practical sessions. The practical sessions are based on the behaviour which is in focus and

needs to be changed.

As compared to didactic lectures these sessions

successfully imparts greater learning and interest among

the participants.

The skill based hygiene education has certain

characteristics which can be highlighted through an

interactive session. Initiate the interaction by asking the

participants to share what is the traditional system. Enlist

the characteristics of traditional lecturing system that is

implemented for class room teaching. Now ask the

participants what are the draw backs. Once this is

discussed conclude the session by showing this slide

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which explains the characteristics of skill based hygiene education.

The life skill based education will focus on knowledge, attitude and practice and will explain the

things through simple examples.

WASH is a very broad area in which there are many themes that needs to be discussed for

hygiene education but a few of thematic areas are shared here so that the WASH club members

can generate sessions for skill based hygiene education.

In the last explain that what are the dos and don’ts of interactive learning.

The Skill based hygiene education differs from the regular hygiene sessions the major

difference between the types is given below:

What needs to be done for an interactive

session

What should not be done in interactive

sessions

The facilitator will facilitate the process Guiding the participants

The participants will be encouraged to talk and

give plausible responses, if certain responses are

not relevant the facilitator will ask the participants

to accept or reject it by giving authentic evidences,

examples or observation.

The facilitator will state away give a statement

which will be considered an authority.

The participants are encouraged to argue if they

think the shared knowledge, example or solution

Arguments are not allowed

Themes of Skill Based Hygiene Education

Water, sanitation and waste in school, homes and community—including the different types of water sources; the transport, handling and storage of drinking water; and different types of waste existing within a community (such as human excreta and rubbish) and how these differ in terms of cleanliness and risks to health.

-Personal and food hygiene in school, homes and community (including food vendors)—covering conditions and practices that are either positive or negative and the reasons, ways and means to change the latter.

- Diseases related to water supply and sanitation that have an impact on someone’s health—including information on the incidence and transmission, as well as the prevention, of diseases in the local environment.

-Facilities for water, sanitation and hygiene within schools, households and the community. This category may cover topics such as the planning, construction, maintenance, management, monitoring use of water supply, excreta disposal and other existing facilities

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What needs to be done for an interactive

session

What should not be done in interactive

sessions

may not fit in their context

The participants are encouraged to ask question

and facilitator will help the participant by putting

the same question to the group so that the

participants can learn from each other.

The facilitator always gives the answer to the

query without forwarding it first to other

participants.

ODF Village Certification Criteria & Process

Once the action plan is successfully implemented the ODF certification process will be followed.

This includes the following steps.

Involves a set of activities which starts in following order:

Once the certification is awarded, then the communities celebrate the ODF status of their

village.

The final criteria for ODF village is

3. ODF village and open spaces

4. The water sources are free from human excreta

5. Hand washing with soap is practices before having food and after the use of toilet

6. All the village is aware about the safe disposal of human excreta and is practicing the same

Step - I Initiation

Step- II

Verification

Init

Step- III Declaration

Init

Step- IV Certification

Init

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The Declaration Process

The declaration process usually begins as an internal step of WASH club at school. The WASH club

declares first the status of ODF and inform concerned VSC to get it verified.

The Verification Process

Verification also begins with an internal step followed by external endorsement, depending on the level of

verification/certification being performed: for instance, WASH club declares first as ODF and inform the

VSC through their SMC/PTA or any other structure available. The VSC will involve the stakeholders like

UNICEF, Local Government and TMA to arrange a joint monitoring visit to that particular school within due

course of time to physically verify the ODF. Better to put the local institutions in a lead role to verify jointly

and verify thorough certification. They will also verify the hygiene practices within school like hand

washing with soap, solid waste management etc.

Certification Process

Practicing safe hygiene and sanitation requires constructing physical facilities as well as making

behavioural changes. Attaining both results at the same time has been found to be difficult; normally,

physical changes precede behavioural ones. (Physical actions include construction of latrines and hand

washing facilities while behavioural actions include latrine use, fix hand washing facility, and safe water

handling).Hence certification of safe sanitation and hygiene practice should thus take places in two

phases:

Phase 1: Primary certification; recognizes ODF status

Phase 2: Secondary certification; recognizes safe sanitation and hygiene practices that include

ODF with minimum latrine standards, hand washing with soap or soap substitutes at critical

times, and household safe water handling.

ODF Certification Process

Behaviour change communication (BCC) Campaigns in School Settings and

Practical Demonstration of IEC Material

The BCC campaigns are one of the important features to change the behaviour of the

community. The components are built on clear strategy without clear guide line BCC campaign

will not create an impact.

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How BCC will be done

1-Demand Creation

Technical options for sanitation

Appropriate Technology

Hygiene Campaigns

Sustaining Behaviour Change

Barriers or Motivators in learning

behaviour

1-They give pleasure

2-increase self esteem

3-They are linked with cultural and

belief system

4-They are linked with religious

belief models

5-Some behaviours are also

adopted by the social pressures and

social norms.

Why Behaviour Change Communication

To use a variety of mediums and approaches

to positively influence the behaviour of target

population to adopt hygienic practices

related to WASH at the individual, household

and community level

To facilitate an enabling environment to

achieve & sustain those practices

To make a dent in the national efforts for reducing morbidity & mortality related to poor

sanitation and resulting a dignified and healthy family

In Behaviour Change Communication it is important to consider that the behaviour is learned

and there are different steps in learning the behaviour these are:

Knowing the behavior

Practicing it

Adopting the behavior

Influence others to change their behavior

But these steps are definitely influenced by several

factors that may affect the learning so these factors

may act as the motivators of or barriers in learning

certain specific behaviours.

The BCC strategy is culture specific and needs an in

depth understanding of the belief models of the

area.

Development of BCC strategy always depends upon the cultural context and specifications .The

WASH club can develop their BCC strategy which requires some important aspect to well

thought-out before the initiation of actual activities.

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Basic Principles of BCC Strategy

The basic principle of BCC strategy must be addressed when developing such strategies. It will

be good if the school WASH club develops their own BCC strategy during the orientation

sessions for this the facilitator can help them by designing a campaign.

Coordinate with the administration of school and important internal and external stake

holders to make the strategy comprehensive and understood by all who are involved.

First focus on the selected number of behaviors and then move up of to focus more

improved behaviors.

Focus on multiple channels and mediums like using the regular sessions in schools,

assemblies, local festival, and celebration of important days.

Link channels and messages with access to products, services and supplies essential

for the promoted behaviors

Use a branded approach with a logo and tagline to unite all the behaviors and messages

as part of a coordinated approach.

The BCC strategy will be incomplete if the strong monitoring and evaluation frame work

does not exist.

First Focus on what we want to achieve through BCC strategy focus on the outcome first and

then move on to main objectives and sub objectives. Based on these objectives and sub

objectives the principle messages will be developed and activities will be monitored.

Out Come

Practicing Safe Sanitation and Hygiene behaviours that prevent faecal oral contamination

Main Objective

Increased practice of hygiene behaviours that prevent faecal-oral contamination

Sub –Objectives can be

Hand washing with soap after defecation

Hand washing with soap before eating

Hand washing with soap before preparing food

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Hand washing with soap before feeding children

Hand washing with soap after handling a child’s faeces

Develop the messages, activities and who will be the lead person, audience of messages and

what medium and timings will be chosen. For schools the immediate preference will be to start

the campaign from schools and then expand it to various levels where the children and WASH

club members can make their impact.

The BCC campaign will be implemented at the following levels:

Household

Community

Religious Place

School

The WASH club members will observe the campaign which will implement at school and

community level. They will not only observe the campaigns but also record the impact of those

campaigns on school children and community at large.

Selection criteria for participant

The selection of the participant is one of the very important steps as the selection of the right

participant for the training will ensure the efficient use of resources.

29


AGENDA Day 1

The day 1 session will start from 09:00 and will end at1600

Registration of Participants 30 min

Recitation from the Holy Quran 5 min

Welcome/Introduction of Participants & ice breaking, Norms setting, fears

and expectations 40 min

Objectives of Training 15 min

Pre- Test 15 min

Introduction to Sanitation 20 min

Pakistan Sanitation situation – an overview and Introduction to PATS 40 min

Introduction to SPSP – Rural 60 min

Climbing Ladder towards Sanitation 90min

Day 1 – Reflections, Two Way Feed Back 30 min

AGENDA Day 2

The Day 2 sessions will start from 09:00 and will end at 1600

Recitation from the Holy Quran 5min

Review of day-01 25min

Introduction to SLTS 90 min

Introduction to low cost sanitation technology options 60min

Formation of WASH club in the school 60 min

Planning of WASH club activity 90min

Recap of the day 30 min

AGENDA Day 3

The Day 3 sessions will start from 09: 00 and will end at 1700

30


Recitation from the Holy Quran 5min

Review of day -02 25min

ODF certification and ODF village criteria 60 min

Linkage development with VSC & other SPSP activities 45min

Introduction to BCC 90 min

Introduction of Monitoring mechanism & Funds management 90min

Post test and evaluation of training 60min

Certificate Distribution Ceremony & closing remarks 30min

31


Agenda

Three Day Training Agenda of WASH Club

Day 1

Time Activity Process Responsibility Resource Person/ Facilitation

09:00 – 0930 Registration of

participants

The participants will register themselves on the

provided registration forms available at the

registration desk.

Registration

Forms

0930 – 0935 Recitation from The

Holy Quran

One of the Participants will recite verses from the

Holy Quran.

Recitation

0935– 1015 Introduction of the

facilitators and

participants /Ice

breaking (Expectation

& fears of the

participants)

This session will help participants to know each

other and will help in the upbringing of inter

personal communication among the participants.

The expectations of the participants will be noted

down and these will be matched with the training

objectives, the left over will be included by the

resource persons in order to meet the expectations

of the participants.

Brainstorming

1015-1030 Objectives of the

training

This will be a formal welcome to the Training of

Teacher and views will be provided on the

objectives of the training in relation to its relevance

with the program highlights the role of the master

trainers.

In addition to this the objectives of the training will

also be shared with the participants.

Presentation/

Discussion

1030-1045 Pre-test Pre-test on formats Formats

32


1130-1200 Introduction to Village

Sanitation Committee

(VSC)

Power Point Presentation

Group Discussion

Group Work

The participant will develop Vision, mission and goal of

their organization and will also define the basic principles

on which organization will work

1200-1300 Roles and

Responsibility of VSC

Roles and responsibility of Village sanitation

committee will be discussed among the participants and

the facilitator will explain the comprehensive presentation

about the possible role of Village sanitation committee

1300-1330 Day 1 Reflections On chart

Tea Break (15 min)

1100 – 1200 Introduction to

Sanitation

The understanding of the participants will be

enhanced with regards to sanitation covering the

following topics i.e.

What is sanitation

Sanitation Ladder Approach

Current Sanitation Scenario in Pakistan

Issues of Sanitation

Presentation

1200-1300 Introduction to SPSP

Project

Objective of this session is to bringing workshop

participants; team of master trainers in particular, at

the same level of understanding of the project in

terms of the project goal, objectives, activities and

interventions and expectations from the project

Presentation

Lunch and Prayer Break (60 min)

1400- 1530 Climbing ladder

towards total

sanitation

The participants will be divided into 2 groups and

each group will prepare a ladder

Group work and

discussion

1530- 1600 Recap of the day 1 The facilitator will review the learning of the day with

active participation of participants

Brainstorming

33


Day 2

0905-0930 Review of the day 1 The participants will reflect their moods of Day

1

0930-1100 Introduction to SLTS The participants will be briefed about the

concept and objectives of the School Led Total

Sanitation and develop understanding about

SLTS implementation model/Frame work. The

participants will be explained about the

mechanism of establishing ODF verification

committee (SMC, PTA) for schools and its

mergence with VSC.

Presentation

Discussion

Tea break (15 min)

1100-1200 Introduction of low

cost latrine

technology options

Different techniques of low cost latrine

construction will be briefly discussed with the

participants for their knowledge

Presentation

Discussion

1200-1300 Formation of WASH

Clubs in Schools

Understanding of the participants will be

developed about formation of WASH Clubs in

schools along with selection criteria for schools,

teacher (Master Trainers), club members

(students), roles and responsibilities and

identification of schools catchment area.

Prayer & Lunch Break (60 min)

1400-1530 Wash Club activities

planning

Based on understanding developed in last

session, the participants will design the

activities of the club members within school

and communities

Group Work

Discussion

34


1530-1600 Recap of the day The facilitator will review the learning of the day

with active participation of participants

Day 3

0900-0905 Recitation from The

Holy Quran

One of the Participants will recite verses from the

Holy Quran.

Recitation

0905-0930 Review of the day 2 The participants will reflect their moods of Day 2

0930-1030 ODF declaration and

verification

mechanism

The participants will be briefed about ODF

declaration and verification mechanism for school

and community

Presentation

Discussion

Tea Break (15 min)

1045 – 1130 Linkage with VSC and

other activities of SPS

Program

School teachers will learn how they can support

VSC Mobilization through summer camp, post

triggering of CLTS & Monitoring of ODF status

1130-1300 Introduction to BCC Participants will be briefed about Behavior Change

Communication, SPSP campaigns

Presentation and

Discussion

Prayer & Lunch Break (60 min)

1400-1530 Introduction of

Monitoring mechanism

& Funds management

The participants will understand the monitoring

mechanism with regards to SLTS reporting system.

Utilization & record keeping of SLTS funds

Receiving returned loans and utilizing in

sustainability of wash clubs

1530-1630 Post Test & Evaluation

by Trainees

Review of the training

Participants will give their feedback through filling the

post test formats, Evaluation formats

Participant will contribute their learning about whole

training topics

Post test Formats

Evaluation

Formats

Discussion (after

filling formats)

35


1630-1700 Certificate Distribution

Ceremony and closing

Remarks

The participants will be awarded with certificates and

facilitator will present the closing remarks

Note of Thanks

36


Registration Sheet

Teachers 1Data Base

S. No

Name

Gender

Age

District UC Address Contact

Education Experience (Social

work)

M F

18 to 22

23 to 28

29 to 34

35 +

Primary

Middle

Matric

FA

BA

MA

> = 5

6 to 10

11 to 15

1 Maintain WASH Club members data base separately

29


Selection Criteria for the WASH club members /trainees

Selection Criteria Yes No

2 active teachers who are popular amongst students and

have interest in working for the improvement of environment.

Participants should be from class 3 – 8

The participants is volunteer tone a member of WASH Club

The participants is proactive in school and can participate in

community activity

The participants are willing to take extra responsibilities of

WASH activity.

28


Pre & Post Test

Training for WASH Club Members

Date: _____________

Venue:_______________________________

Name of the trainee Designation

Organization District

Trainer’s Name

A. Please write true/false against statements given below:

S#

Statement

True

False

1.

Currently in Pakistan, 52 % of population does not have access to

sanitation facility

2. PATS means “ Pakistan Approach to Total Sanitation”

3. School teachers are developed as “agent of change” to achieve total

sanitation in the approach called SLTS

4. School Management Committee and Parents Teachers Association

should be taken on board before starting the SLTS activities in

school

5. SMC and PTA can generate funds for the construction of latrines

6. Children will be involved in hygiene promotion activity whereas the

decision making will be done by teachers

7. Messages about the hygiene practices will be displayed only at the

time of hygiene session

8. “ODF” status of a community means that “community is protected

against natural disasters”

29


S#

Statement

True

False

9. Community conflicts will be resolved by children of WASH club

10. Community Action Plan is made to finalize the plan for collectively go

for shopping in nearby town

11. Latrine construction is the basic activity of sanitation program in

PATS approach

12. The minimum cost for construction of a latrine is 35 thousands

rupees

13. IEC material is used to sensitized the community members about

problem and solution related to a particular issue prevailing in a

community

14. “Demand Creation” is one of the components of BCC campaign

15. CRP is a representative of Government Department

Signature by Trainee _______________________


Rural Support Programmes Network (RSPN)

House No.07, Street 49, F-6/4 Islamabad, Pakistan

Tel: 00-92-51-2829141, 2829556

2822476, 2826792, 2821736

Fax: 00-92-51-2829115

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.rspn.org

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