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Worksheet 2 KS3 1 TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE... ? Not all tortoises look the same. What can you learn about a tortoise from looking at the shape of its shell? TASK 1 How would you define the term ‘adaptation’? Share your definition with a friend and give an example. TASK 2 In the space below, draw one of our Galapagos giant tortoises. Make notes describing the different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild. Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has to its habitat? Think about adaptations that you might not be able to see, e.g. Internal or behaviour. Some Galapagos tortoises have domed shells like this Some Galapagos tortoises have saddleback shells like this

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Page 1: TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE · different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild. Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has

Worksheet 2 KS3 1

TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE...

? Not all tortoises look the same. What can you learn about a tortoise from looking at the shape of its shell?

TASK 1How would you define the term ‘adaptation’? Share your definition with a friend and give an example.

TASK 2In the space below, draw one of our Galapagos giant tortoises. Make notes describing the different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild.

Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has to its habitat? Think about adaptations that you might not be able to see, e.g. Internal or behaviour.

Some Galapagos tortoises have domed shells like this

Some Galapagos tortoises have saddleback shells like this

Page 2: TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE · different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild. Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has

Worksheet 2 KS3 2

TASK 3 Which of the two tortoise shell shapes is better adapted for reaching tall cacti plants? Why?

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Which of these island types is likely to provide enough food for tortoises to grow to larger sizes? Why?

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Which island type do you think our tortoises are likely to have come from? Why?

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Why have scientists noticed that cacti plants are bigger on the Galapagos Islands than they used to be?

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? Not all the Galapagos Islands have the same habitat. What can you tell about the habitat of a tortoise by looking at the shape of its shell?

Some of the Galapagos Islands are smaller and dryer, where tall cacti

plants grow.

Some of the Galapagos Islands are larger and wetter, where many plants grow close to the ground.

Page 3: TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE · different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild. Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has

Worksheet 2 KS3 3

ISLAND GIANTS!? Why are Galapagos giant tortoises

so large?

It is thought tortoises first arrived on the Galapagos Islands a long time ago by being swept into the ocean and floating there all the way from South America!

TASK 4Do you think a large tortoise or small tortoise is likely to survive a long journey like that with no food or water? Why?

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This is known as the “founder effect” - the first tortoises on the Galapagos may have already been large, but once on the Islands was it an advantage or disadvantage for these animals to be large?

TASK 5List the possible different reasons below:

Advantages to being big on an island Disadvantages to being big on an island

TASK 6In your own words, describe the process of evolution via natural selection that Galapagos tortoises have gone through to make them the island giants we know today:

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They change the spread of native vegetation by transporting their seeds over long distances.

DID YOU KNOW?

DID YOU KNOW THAT GIANT TORTOISES ARE KNOWN AS

‘HABITAT ENGINEERS’?

Page 4: TORTOISE SHAPES AND SIZE · different adaptations of the tortoise and how those features might help the tortoise survive in the wild. Can we see all the adaptations a tortoise has

Worksheet 2 KS3 4

Some animals living on islands actually adapt to be smaller over time rather than bigger. This is known as Island Dwarfism.

TASK 7 Explain a reason why you think this could happen:

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CLIMATE CHANGE—LOOKING TO THE FUTUREWith current climate change trends, the Galapagos Islands could see a decrease in overall rainfall.

TASK 8 Predict what short term effects this could have on tortoises living there:

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Predict what long term effects this could have on tortoises living there:

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? What other animals do we have at ZSL London Zoo that might be island giants?

See if you can find out about other animals that are island giants by visiting the world’s largest lizard, the Komodo Dragons of the Indonesian Islands. Also, in our reptile house, what can you find out about one of the world’s largest frogs, the Mountain Chicken Frog, of the Islands of Montserrat and Dominica (www.mountainchicken.org)?

Be a scientist and record your observations in the space below:


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