Hilary Term 2014

LAW OF TORTSCORE READING LIST

Material highlighted in green was added in the 2011-2012 academic year Material highlighted in red was added in the 2012-2013 academic year Material highlighted in yellow was added in the 2013-2014 academic year

Extract from Examination Regulations

“Questions may be set in this paper requiring knowledge of the law of contract.”

Teaching Convention

There is an agreed reading list for tort, which is revised annually. The topics on the list in bold type are taught by most Oxford tutors. The other topics without bold headings are taught by some Oxford tutors. The examiners are entitled to set questions requiring knowledge of issues across the bolded and unbolded categories and across topics.

Currently, the topics with headings in bold type are: Negligence/Duty of Care; Negligence/Breach of Duty; Causation and Remoteness of Damage; Negligence and Economic Loss; Defences; Liability for Defective Premises; Nuisance and the Rule in Rylands v Fletcher; Product Liability; Vicarious Liability. Currently the topics with headings that are not in bold type are: Joint Liability; Employers’ Liability; Breach of Statutory Duty; Defamation; Trespass; Economic Torts; Tort Remedies, including Damages for Personal Injury and Death; Compensation: Fault and Insurance.

Some of the materials on the agreed reading list are marked with an asterisk. This indicates the seminal and leading cases and other materials with which the examiners are entitled to expect that candidates answering questions on that topic are familiar.

Material Available in the Examination Room

A recent edition of Blackstone’s Statutes on Contract, Tort and Restitution, which may be supplemented by additional statutory material.

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Contents

BOOKS......................................................................................................................................4Textbooks..........................................................................................................................4Casebooks.........................................................................................................................4Monographs and edited collections..................................................................................4Practitioners’ Books..........................................................................................................4

A. NEGLIGENCE.................................................................................................................5Duty of Care..........................................................................................................................5General..................................................................................................................................5Liability of public authorities................................................................................................5Breach of Duty......................................................................................................................6

B. CAUSATION AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE.....................................................6Causation...............................................................................................................................6Remoteness............................................................................................................................7

C. NEGLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC LOSS......................................................................7Economic loss........................................................................................................................7Negligent statements and provision of services....................................................................7Negligent damage to property...............................................................................................7Relationship to Contract........................................................................................................8

D. DEFENCES......................................................................................................................8Contributory Negligence.......................................................................................................8Exclusion and Volenti non fit injuria....................................................................................8Illegality.................................................................................................................................8

E. LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PREMISES..................................................................9Occupiers’ Liability...............................................................................................................9Liability of Non-occupiers....................................................................................................9

F. PRIVATE NUISANCE.........................................................................................................9G. PUBLIC NUISANCE.........................................................................................................10H. THE RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER.......................................................................10I. PRODUCT LIABILITY................................................................................................11

Negligence...........................................................................................................................11Strict Liability......................................................................................................................11

J. EMPLOYERS’ PRIMARY LIABILITY......................................................................11K. VICARIOUS LIABILITY.............................................................................................11

Employees and borrowed employees..................................................................................11Independent contractors and agents.....................................................................................12

L. JOINT LIABILITY.......................................................................................................12M. BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY............................................................................12N. DEFAMATION.............................................................................................................13

Libel and Slander.................................................................................................................13Presumption of damage.......................................................................................................13Serious harm requirement....................................................................................................13Publication...........................................................................................................................13Who can sue?.......................................................................................................................13What is defamatory?............................................................................................................13Defences..............................................................................................................................14Remedies.............................................................................................................................15Defamation and Freedom of Speech...................................................................................15

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Relationship to other torts...................................................................................................15O. TRESPASS....................................................................................................................15

Trespass to the Person.........................................................................................................15Trespass to Land..................................................................................................................15

P. ECONOMIC TORTS....................................................................................................15General................................................................................................................................15Inducing a breach of Contract.............................................................................................15Intimidation.........................................................................................................................16Causing loss by unlawful means.........................................................................................16Conspiracy...........................................................................................................................16Deceit...................................................................................................................................16

Q. TORT REMEDIES........................................................................................................16Nominal damages................................................................................................................16Aggravated damages...........................................................................................................16Exemplary or punitive damages..........................................................................................16Restitutionary damages.......................................................................................................17Damages for personal injury...............................................................................................17Damages for death...............................................................................................................17Remedies in property torts...................................................................................................17

R. COMPENSATION: FAULT AND INSURANCE.......................................................18S. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TORT LAW..................................................18

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BOOKS

Textbooks

Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis (eds), Markesinis and Deakin’s Tort Law (OUP 7th ed 2012)

McBride and Bagshaw, Tort Law (Longman 4th ed 2012)Murphy and Witting (eds), Street on Torts (OUP 13th ed 2012)Rogers (ed), Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort (Sweet & Maxwell 18th ed 2010)

Casebooks

Lunney and Oliphant, Tort Law: Text and Materials (OUP 4th ed 2010)Hepple and Matthews, Tort: Cases & Materials (Butterworths 6th ed 2008)Steele, Tort Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (OUP 2nd ed 2010)

Monographs and edited collections

Arvind and Steele (eds), Tort Law and the Legislature (Hart 2013) Atiyah, The Damages Lottery (Hart 1997)Beever, Rediscovering the Law of Negligence (Hart 2007)Beever, The Law of Private Nuisance (Hart 2013)Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed 2004)Cane, Atiyah's Accidents, Compensation and the Law (CUP 8th ed 2013) Cane, The Anatomy of Tort Law (Hart 1997)Carty, An Analysis of the Economic Torts (OUP 2nd ed 2010)Conaghan and Mansell, The Wrongs of Tort (Pluto 2nd ed 1999)Degeling, Edelman and Goudkamp (eds), Torts in Commercial Law (Thomson 2011)Goudkamp, Tort Law Defences (Hart 2013) Harris, Campbell and Halson, Remedies in Contract & Tort (Butterworths 2nd ed 2002)Khoury, Uncertain Causation in Medical Liability (Hart 2006)McIvor, Third Party Liability in Tort (Hart 2006)Markesinis et al., Tortious Liability of Statutory Bodies (Hart 1999)Mitchell and Mitchell (eds), Landmark Cases in the Law of Tort (Hart 2010)Nolan and Robertson (eds), Rights and Private Law (Hart 2012)Owen, Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law (Clarendon 1995)Pitel, Neyers and Chamberlain, Tort Law: Challenging Orthodoxy (Hart 2013)Stapleton, Product Liability (Butterworths 1994)Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007)Weir, Economic Torts (Clarendon 1997)Weir, Introduction to Tort Law (Clarendon 2nd ed 2006)Wright, Tort Law and Human Rights (Hart 2001)

Practitioners’ Books

Jones and Dugdale (eds), Clerk & Lindsell on Torts (Sweet & Maxwell 20th edn 2010)Oliphant (ed), Law of Tort (Butterworths 2nd ed 2007)

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A. NEGLIGENCE

Duty of Care

General

*Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (compare Lord Atkin and Lord Macmillan)*Caparo v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605, 616-618Phelps v Hillingdon LBC [2001] 2 AC 619Stapleton, ‘Duty of Care Factors: A Selection from Judicial Menus’ in Cane and Stapleton

(eds) The Law of Obligations: Essays in Celebration of John Fleming (OUP 1998) 59 Weinrib, ‘The Disintegration of Duty’ in Madden (ed) Exploring Tort Law (CUP 2005) 143Robertson, ‘Justice, Community Welfare and the Duty of Care’ (2011) 127 LQR 370Nolan, ‘Deconstructing the Duty of Care’ (2013) 129 LQR 559

Omissions and acts of third parties

*Smith v Littlewoods [1987] AC 241Calvert v William Hill Credit Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1427, [2009] Ch 330Everett v Comojo (UK) Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 13, [2011] 4 All ER 315, concentrate on [1]-

[12], [23]-[34]

Liability of public authorities

Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co [1970] AC 1004*Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53Stovin v Wise [1996] AC 923Kent v Griffiths (No 2) [2001] QB 36*Barrett v Enfield LBC [2001] 2 AC 550*D v East Berkshire Community NHS Trust [2003] EWCA Civ 1151, [79]-[85] and [2005]

UKHL 23, [2005] 2 AC 373*Gorringe v Calderdale MBC [2004] UKHL 15, [2004] 1 WLR 1057, [2004] 2 All ER 326Jain v Trent Strategic Health Authority [2009] UKHL 4, [2009] 1 AC 853*Mitchell v Glasgow City Council [2009] UKHL 11, [2009] 1 AC 874Smith v Ministry of Defence [2013] UKSC 31; [2013] ICR 981 Nolan, ‘The Liability of Public Authorities for Failing to Confer Benefits’ (2011) 127 LQR

260

Nervous Shock

*McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410*Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] 1 AC 310*Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 (evaluated Bailey and Nolan, ‘The Page v Smith Saga: A Tale

of Inauspicious Origins and Unintended Consequences’ (2010) 69 CLJ 495)*White v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1999] 2 AC 455 (sub nom. Frost)Greatorex v Greatorex [2000] 4 All ER 769 *W v Essex [2001] 2 AC 592*Rothwell v Chemical & Insulating Co; Re Pleural Plaques Litigation [2007] UKHL 39,

[2008] 1 AC 281

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Law Commission, Liability for Psychiatric Illness (LC 249, 1998)

‘Wrongful Life’, ‘Wrongful Conception’ and ‘Wrongful Birth’

Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976McKay v Essex Area Health Authority [1982] 2 All ER 771*McFarlane v Tayside Health Board [2000] 2 AC 59 *Parkinson v St James & Seacroft University Hospital [2001] 3 All ER 97*Rees v Darlington Memorial Hospital NHS Trust [2003] UKHL 52, [2004] 1 AC 309 Hoyano, ‘Misconceptions about Wrongful Conception’ (2002) 65 MLR 883

Breach of Duty

*Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850*Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367*Roe v Minister of Health [1954] 2 QB 66*Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582, 586-587*The Wagon Mound (No 2) [1967] 1 AC 617, 640–644Goldman v Hargrave [1967] 1 AC 645, 663–664*Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691*Sidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital [1985] AC 471Mansfield v Weetabix Ltd [1998] 1 WLR 1263*Mullin v Richards [1998] 1 All ER 920*Bolitho v City & Hackney HA [1998] AC 232Blake v Galloway [2004] EWCA Civ 814, [2004] 1 WLR 2844Connor v Surrey County Council [2010] EWCA Civ 286, [2011] QB 429Baker v Quantum Clothing Group [2011] UKSC 17, headnote from [2011] 4 All ER 223 (in

the absence of an AC report) plus Lord Mance [15]-[26] and Lord Dyson [91]-[101].Nolan, ‘Varying the Standard of Care in Negligence’ (2013) 72 CLJ 651.

B. CAUSATION AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE

Causation

Performance Cars v Abraham [1962] QB 33*Barnett v Chelsea Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428*Baker v Willoughby [1970] AC 467 *Jobling v Associated Dairies Ltd [1982] AC 794 *Hotson v East Berkshire Area Health Authority [1987] AC 750*Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority [1988] AC 1074*Allied Maples Group v Simmons & Simmons [1995] 4 All ER 907Banque Bruxelles Lambert v Eagle Star Insurance [1997] AC 191 *Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22, [2003] 1 AC 32*Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41, [2005] 1 AC 134*Gregg v Scott [2005] UKHL 2, [2005] 2 AC 176*Barker v Corus plc [2006] UKHL 20, [2006] 2 AC 572 (reversed by the Compensation Act

2006, s 3 in so far as apportionment of liability in mesothelioma cases is concerned)*Rothwell v Chemical & Insulating Co; Re Pleural Plaques Litigation [2007] UKHL 39,

[2008] 1 AC 281 *Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884

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Sienkiewicz (estate of Costello) v Greif (UK) Ltd [2011] UKSC 10, [2011] 2 AC 229Durham v BAI (Run Off) Ltd [2012] UKSC 14, [2012] 3 All ER 1161, [52], [55]-[68], [77],

[82]-[83], [124]-[132]Stapleton, ‘Lords a'Leaping Evidentiary Gaps’ (2002) 10 Tort LJ 276 Peel, ‘SAAMCO Revisited’ in Burrows and Peel (eds), Commercial Remedies: Current Issues

and Problems (OUP 2003) ch 7Stapleton, ‘Cause-in-Fact and the Scope of Liability for Consequences’ (2003) 119 LQR 388 Stapleton, ‘Unnecessary Causes’ (2013) 128 LQR 39

Remoteness

*Re Polemis [1921] 3 KB 560*The Wagon Mound (No 1) [1961] AC 388*Smith v Leech Brain [1962] 2 QB 405*Hughes v Lord Advocate of Scotland [1963] AC 837 McKew v Holland Hannen & Cubitts [1969] 3 All ER 1621Lamb v Camden LBC [1981] QB 625Knightley v Johns [1982] 1 All ER 851*Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 *Jolley v Sutton LBC [2000] 1 WLR 1082Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884Spencer v Wincanton Holdings [2009] EWCA Civ 1404 Cartwright, ‘Remoteness of Damages in Contract and Tort Law: A Reconsideration’ (1996)

55 CLJ 488 Stauch, ‘Risk and remoteness of damage in negligence’ (2001) 64 MLR 191

C. NEGLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC LOSS

Economic loss

Stapleton, ‘Duty of Care and Economic Loss: A Wider Agenda’ (1991) 107 LQR 249Mitchell, ‘Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd (1963)’ in Mitchell and Mitchell

(eds), Landmark Cases in Tort Law (2010) 171.Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007) 20–43.

Negligent statements and provision of services

*Hedley Byrne v Heller & Partners [1964] AC 465*Smith v Bush [1990] 1 AC 831*Caparo Industries v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605Spring v Guardian Assurance [1995] 2 AC 296*Henderson v Merrett Syndicates [1995] 2 AC 145*White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207*Williams v Natural Life Health Foods [1998] 1 WLR 830Commissioner for Customs & Excise v Barclays Bank [2006] UKHL 28, [2007] 1 AC 181

Negligent damage to property

Weller v Foot & Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 569*Spartan Steel & Alloys v Martin [1973] QB 27

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*The Aliakmon [1986] 1 AC 785 D & F Estates v Church Commissioners [1989] AC 177*Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 AC 398D Pride & Partners v Institute for Animal Health [2009] EWHC 685 (on what constitutes

physical damage and what pure economic loss)Shell UK Ltd v Total UK Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 180, [2011] QB 86, [111]-[152] (noted Low,

‘Equitable Title and Economic Loss’ (2010) 126 LQR 507)

Relationship to Contract

Junior Books v Veitchi [1983] 1 AC 520Simaan v Pilkington Glass [1988] 1 All ER 791 Pacific Associates v Baxter [1989] 2 All ER 159, 178-180Henderson v Merrett Syndicates [1995] 2 AC 145Robinson v PE Jones [2011] EWCA Civ 9, 134 Construction LR 26

D. DEFENCES

Contributory Negligence

*Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945*Jones v Livox Quarries [1952] 2 QB 608*Stapley v Gypsum Mines [1953] AC 663*Froom v Butcher [1976] QB 286*Reeves v Commissioner of Metropolitan Police [2000] 1 AC 360St George v Home Office [2008] EWCA Civ 1068, [2009] 1 WLR 1670, [2008] 4 All ER

1039Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd v Pritchard [2011] EWCA Civ 329; [2012] QB 320, [28]-

[63], and [76]-[86], noted in Goudkamp, ‘Contributory Negligence and Trespass to the Person’ (2011) 27 LQR 518

Exclusion and Volenti non fit injuria

*Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, ss 1, 2*Road Traffic Act 1988, s 149(3)*Dann v Hamilton [1939] 1 KB 509*ICI v Shatwell [1965] AC 656*Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691*Morris v Murray [1991] 2 QB 6*Reeves v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [2000] 1 AC 360

Illegality

Hall v Herbert [1993] 2 SCR 159 (McLachlin J)Revill v Newbery [1996] 1 All ER 291*Gray v Thames Trains [2009] UKHL 33, [2009] 1 AC 1339Delaney v Pickett [2011] EWCA Civ 1532; [2012] 1 WLR 2149Joyce v O’Brien [2013] EWCA Civ 546, [2014] 1 WLR 70

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E. LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PREMISES

Occupiers’ Liability

To visitors

*Occupiers Liability Act 1957*Defective Premises Act 1972, s 4*Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, ss 1 and 2 (as amended by Occupiers Liability Act 1984,

s 2)*Roles v Nathan [1963] 1 WLR 1117*Wheat v Lacon [1966] AC 552*White v Blackmore [1972] 2 QB 651*Ferguson v Welsh [1987] 3 All ER 777*McGeown v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1995] 1 AC 233Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 1881, [2002] 1 WLR 1052,

[113]-[155]Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041, [2003] QB 443Maguire v Sefton MBC [2006] EWCA Civ 316, [2006] 1 WLR 2550Portsmouth Youth Activities Committee v Poppleton [2008] EWCA Civ 646Harvey v Plymouth City Council [2010] EWCA Civ 860

To non-visitors

*Occupiers Liability Act 1984Herrington v British Rail Board [1972] AC 877Swain v Nati Ram Puri [1996] PIQR P442*Tomlinson v Congleton BC [2004] UKHL 47, [2004] 1 AC 46Keown v Coventry Healthcare NHS Trust [2006] EWCA Civ 39; [2006] 1 WLR 953SH Bailey, ‘Occupiers’ Liability: the Enactment of ‘Common Law’ Principles in Arvind and

Steele (eds), Tort Law and the Legislature (Hart 2013) 187

Liability of Non-occupiers

*Defective Premises Act 1972*Latent Damage Act 1986*Pirelli v Oscar Faber [1983] 2 AC 1D & F Estates v Church Commissioners [1989] AC 177*Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 AC 398*Targett v Torfaen BC [1992] 3 All ER 27Nitrigin Eireann v Inco [1992] 1 All ER 854Hoyano, ‘Dangerous Defects Revisited by Bold Spirits’ (1995) 58 MLR 887

F. PRIVATE NUISANCE

*St Helen’s Smelting Co v Tipping (1865) 11 HLC 642Bradford Corporation v Pickles [1895] AC 587*Hollywood Silver Fox Farm v Emmett [1936] 2 KB 468*Halsey v Esso [1961] 1 WLR 683

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*The Wagon Mound (No 2) [1967] 1 AC 617*Miller v Jackson [1977] QB 966*Kennaway v Thompson [1980] 3 All ER 329Allen v Gulf Oil [1981] AC 1001Laws v Florinplace [1981] 1 All ER 659*Cambridge Water Co v Eastern Counties Leather [1994] 2 AC 264*Wheeler v JJ Saunders [1996] Ch 19*Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] AC 655*Southwark LBC v Mills [1999] 4 All ER 449, 459-460, 464-466Marcic v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2003] UKHL 66, [2004] 1 All ER 135Watson v Croft Promosport Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ 15, [2009] 3 All ER 249Barr v Biffa Waste Services Ltd [2012] EWCA Civ 312, [2012] 3 WLR 795, [2012] 3 All ER

380*Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13Nolan, ‘“A Tort Against Land”: Private Nuisance as a Property Tort’ in Nolan and Robertson

(eds), Rights and Private Law (2012) 459

Who can sue?

*Hunter v Canary Wharf [1997] AC 655Dobson v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ 28, [2009] 3 All ER 319 *European Convention on Human Rights, art 8

Who is liable?

*Sedleigh-Denfield v O’Callaghan [1940] AC 880 *Leakey v National Trust [1980] 1 QB 485Hussain v Lancaster City Council [1999] 4 All ER 125Lippiatt v S Gloucestershire Council [1999] 4 All ER 149*Holbeck Hall Hotel v Scarborough BC [2000] 2 All ER 705

G. PUBLIC NUISANCE

Wringe v Cohen [1940] 1 KB 229*AG v PYA Quarries [1957] 2 QB 169Tate & Lyle v GLC [1983] 2 AC 509*Corby Group Litigation v Corby BC [2008] EWCA Civ 463, [2009] QB 335

H. THE RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER

*Rylands v Fletcher [1866] LR 1 Ex 265; [1868] LR 3 HL 330Perry v Kendricks [1956] 1 WLR 85*Cambridge Water Co v Eastern Counties Leather [1994] 2 AC 264*Transco plc v Stockport MBC [2003] UKHL 61, [2004] 2 AC 1 Bagshaw, ‘Rylands Confined’ (2004) 120 LQR 388 Nolan, ‘The Distinctiveness of Rylands v Fletcher’ (2005) 121 LQR 421

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I. PRODUCT LIABILITY

Negligence

*Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562Grant v Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85Muirhead v Industrial Tank Specialities [1986] QB 507Hamble Fisheries v Gardner [1999] 2 Lloyds Rep 1Tettenborn, ‘Components and product liability: damage to “other property”’ (2000) LMCLQ

338

Strict Liability

*Consumer Protection Act 1987, pt 1 and ss 45, 46*Directive on Liability for Defective Products (85/374/EEC)C 300/95 Commission v UK [1997] All ER (EC) 481Abouzaid v Mothercare [2000] All ER (D) 2436*A v National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289, [2]–[22], [31]–[81]Tesco Stores Ltd v Pollard [2006] EWCA Civ 393, [2006] All ER (D) 186Stapleton, ‘Products liability reform - real or illusory?’ (1986) 6 OJLS 392 Newdick, ‘The Development Risk Defence of the Consumer Protection Act 1987’ (1988) 47

CLJ 455 Stapleton, Product Liability (Butterworths 1994), ch 13

J. EMPLOYERS’ PRIMARY LIABILITY

*Employers Liability (Defective Equipment) Act 1969 Wilsons & Clyde Coal Co v English [1938] AC 57McDermid v Nash Dredging [1987] 2 All ER 878Barber v Somerset County Council [2004] UKHL 13, [2004] 1 WLR 1089, [2004] 2 All ER

385

K. VICARIOUS LIABILITY

Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007) 257–274

Employees and borrowed employees

*Employers Liability (Defective Equipment) Act 1969, s 1Mersey Docks & Harbour Board v Coggins & Griffiths [1947] AC 1*Cassidy v Minister of Health [1951] 2 QB 343Ready Mixed Concrete Ltd v Minister of Pensions [1968] 2 QB 497Young & Woods Ltd v West [1980] IRLR 201*Viasystems (Tyneside) Ltd v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 1151,

[2006] QB 510Hawley v Luminar Leisure Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 18, [2006] IRLR 817Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Abrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008] EWCA Civ

1257, [2009] QB 725, [41]-[61]

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*Various Claimants v Catholic Child Welfare Society [2012] UKSC 56, [2012] 3 WLR 1319 (discussed in Lord Hope, ‘Tailoring the law on vicarious liability’ (2013) 129 LQR 514)

Independent contractors and agents

*Honeywill & Stein v Larkin [1934] 1 QB 191*Salsbury v Woodland [1970] 1 QB 324*Launchbury v Morgans [1973] AC 127*McDermid v Nash Dredging Co [1987] AC 906Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041, [2003] QB 443*Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Abrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008] EWCA Civ

1257, [2009] QB 725, [62]-[82] Farraj v King's Healthcare NHS Trust and Cytogenic DNA Services Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ

1203, [2010] 1 WLR 2139, [63]-[123]Woodland v Essex County Council [2013] UKSC 66, [2014] 1 All ER 482, [2013] 3 WLR

1227McKendrick, ‘Vicarious Liability and Independent Contractors—A Reexamination’ (1990)

53 MLR 770

Course of employment

Beard v London General Omnibus Co [1900] 2 QB 530*Century Insurance v Northern Ireland RTB [1942] AC 509*Rose v Plenty [1976] 1 WLR 141General Engineering v Kingston & St Andrews Corporation [1988] 3 All ER 867Smith v Stages [1989] AC 928*Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd [2002] 1 AC 215 Mattis v Pollock [2003] EWCA Civ 887, [2003] 1 WLR 2158Richard Weddal v Barchester Healthcare Ltd; Royal Bank v Wallbank Fox designs Ltd

[2012] EWCA Civ 25

Vicarious Liability for Statutory Torts

Majrowski v Guy's Hospital [2006] UKHL 34, [2007] 1 AC 224 (Stevens (2006) 123 LQR 30)

L. JOINT LIABILITY

Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978Carty, ‘Joint Tortfeasance and Assistance Liability’ (1999) 19 Legal Studies 489CBS Songs Ltd v Amstrad Consumer Electronics Plc [1988] AC 1013Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Export Credits Guarantee Department [2000] 1 AC

486

M. BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY

Groves v Wimborne [1898] 2 QB 402Phillips v Britannia Hygienic Laundry [1923] 2 KB 832Cutler v Wandsworth Stadium [1949] AC 398Lonrho v Shell [1982] AC 173

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*R v Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison ex p. Hague [1992] 1 AC 58, 157-161, 168-173*X v Bedfordshire CC [1995] 2 AC 633, 731-732*Cullen v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] UKHL 39, [2003] 1

WLR 1763, [1]-[21], [33]-[44], [62]-[70]Stanton, ‘New Forms of the Tort of Breach of Statutory Duty’ (2004) 120 LQR 324 *Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s 47 (as amended by the Enterprise and

Regulatory Reform Act 2013, s 69)

N. DEFAMATION

*Defamation Act 2013Mullis and Scott, ‘Tilting at Windmills: the Defamation Act 2013’ (2013) 77 MLR 87.

Libel and Slander

Defamation Act 2013, s 14Broadcasting Act 1990, s 166Theatres Act 1968, ss 4, 7Monson v Tussauds [1894] 1 QB 671Smith v ADVFN [2008] EWHC 1797 (QB), [13]-[17]

Presumption of damage

Jameel v Dow Jones & Co Inc [2005] QB 946

Serious harm requirement

Defamation Act 2013, s 1

Publication

Defamation Act 2013, s 8Defamation Act 1996, s 1Huth v Huth [1915] 3 KB 32Bryanston Finance v de Vries [1975] QB 703 Slipper v BBC [1991] 1 QB 283McManus v Beckham [2002] EWCA Civ 939, [2002] 1 WLR 2982Bunt v Tilley [2006] EWHC 407, [2006] 3 All ER 336 headnote plus [1]-[37]

Who can sue?

*Derbyshire CC v Times [1993] AC 534 Goldsmith v Bhoyrul [1997] 4 All ER 268

What is defamatory?

*Cassidy v Daily Mirror [1929] 2 KB 331 Tolley v Fry [1931] AC 333Byrne v Deane [1937] KB 818Newstead v London Express [1940] 1 KB 377

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Lewis v Daily Telegraph [1964] AC 234Morgan v Odhams Press [1971] 2 All ER 1156Charleston v News Group [1995] 2 All ER 313Berkoff v Burchill [1996] 4 All ER 1008

Defences

Truth

Defamation Act 2013, s 2Defamation Act 1952, s 5*London Artists v Littler [1969] 2 QB 375

Honest opinion

Defamation Act 2013, s 3London Artists v Littler [1969] 2 QB 375 British Chiropractic Association v Singh [2010] EWCA Civ 350, [2011] 1 WLR 133Joseph v Spiller [2010] UKSC 53, [2011] 1 AC 852

Absolute privilege

Defamation Act 1996, s 14 (as amended by the Defamation Act 2013, s 7(1))Hamilton v Al Fayed [2000] 2 All ER 224Westcott v Westcott [2008] EWCA Civ 818, [2008] Fam Law 951

Qualified privilege

Defamation Act 2013, s 6Defamation Act 1996, s 15 and Schedule 1 (as amended by the Defamation Act 2013, s 7). *Horrocks v Lowe [1975] AC 135

Publication on a matter of public interest

Defamation Act 2013, s 4Reynolds v Times Newspapers [2001] AC 127Jameel v Wall Street Journal Europe SPRL [2006] UKHL 44, [2007] 1 AC 359

Reportage

Charman v Orion Publishing Group Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 972, [2008] 1 All ER 750 headnote plus [48]-[56], [66]-[69].

Other statutory defences

Defamation Act 2013, ss 5, 10Defamation Act 1996, ss 1-4Milne v Express Newspapers Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 664, [2005] 1 WLR 772

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Remedies

Defamation Act 1996, ss 8-10Defamation Act 1996, s 13*John v Mirror Group [1996] 2 All ER 35

Defamation and Freedom of Speech

*European Convention on Human Rights, art 10*Human Rights Act 1998, ss 2, 4, 6, 8, 12*Derbyshire County Council v Times Newspapers [1993] AC 534Tolstoy v United Kingdom (1995) 20 EHRR 442*John v Mirror Group [1996] 2 All ER*Reynolds v Times [2001] AC 127Greene v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 1462, [2005] 1 All ER 30

Relationship to other torts

Joyce v Sengupta [1993] 1 All ER 897*Spring v Guardian Assurance [1995] 2 AC 296

O. TRESPASS

Trespass to the Person

Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 QB 426Letang v Cooper [1965] QB 232, approved in A v Hoare [2008] UKHL 6, [2008] 1 AC 844Lane v Holloway [1968] 1 QB 379 *Sidaway v Bethlem Hospital [1985] AC 871Wilson v Pringle [1986] 2 All ER 440*In re F (Mental Patient: Sterilisation) [1990] 2 AC 1Non-Marine Underwriters, Lloyd's of London v Scalera [2000] 1 SCR 551 [1]-[45], [74]-

[119]*Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police [2008] UKHL 25, [2008] 1 AC 962

Trespass to Land

Bernstein v Skyviews [1978] QB 479League Against Cruel Sports v Scott [1986] QB 240

P. ECONOMIC TORTS

General

Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007) 297–298.Deakin & Randall, ‘Rethinking the Economic Torts’ (2009) 72 MLR 519

Inducing a breach of Contract

Lumley v Gye (1853) 3 E&B 216

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Hilary Term 2014

*Hill v First National Finance [1988] 3 All ER 801OBG v Allan; Douglas v Hello! [2007] UKHL 21, [2008] 1 AC 1Howarth, ‘Against Lumley v Gye’ (2005) 68 MLR 195

Intimidation

*Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129 OBG v Allen; Douglas v Hello! [2007] UKHL 21, [2008] 1 AC 1, [7], [61] (Lord Hoffmann)Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Total Network SL [2008] UKHL 19, [2008] 1 AC

1174, [99] (Lord Walker), [124] (Lord Mance).

Causing loss by unlawful means

Allen v Flood [1898] AC 1*OBG v Allan; Douglas v Hello! [2007] UKHL 21, [2008] 1 AC 1

Conspiracy

Quinn v Leathem [1901] AC 495Crofter Hand Woven Harris Tweed Co v Veitch [1942] AC 435 *Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Total Network SL [2008] UKHL 19, [2008] 1 AC

1174

Deceit

*Derry v Peek [1899] 14 AC 337 Smith New Court Securities v Scrimgeour Vickers [1997] AC 254

Q. TORT REMEDIES

Tettenborn, ‘What is a Loss?’ in Neyers et al (eds), Emerging Issues in Tort Law (Hart 2007)

Nominal damages

Ashby v White (1703) 2 Ld Raym 938, 92 ER 126 Constantine v Imperial Hotels [1944] KB 693

Aggravated damages

Kralj v McGrath [1986] 1 All ER 54Law Commission, Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages (LC 247 1997),

Part II

Exemplary or punitive damages

Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129Cassell & Co v Broome [1972] AC 1027*Kuddus v CC of Leicestershire Constabulary [2001] UKHL 29, [2002] 2 AC 122Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed, 2004), ch 18

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Hilary Term 2014

Law Commission, Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages (LC 247 1997), Part IV

Restitutionary damages

Ministry of Defence v Ashman [1993] 2 EGLR 102Inverugie Investments Ltd v Hackett [1995] 1 WLR 713 Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed, 2004), pp.371-395

Damages for personal injury

*Courts Act 2003, ss 100, 101, amending Damages Act 1996 ss 2, 2A, 2B, 4Cane, Atiyah’s Accidents, Compensation and the Law (CUP 8th ed 2013), ch 6

Damages for non-pecuniary loss

Administration of Justice Act 1982, s 1(1)(b)Lim Poh Choo v Camden & Islington AHA [1980] AC 174*Heil v Rankin [2000] 3 All ER 138

Damages for pecuniary loss

Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act 1948, s 2(4)*Pickett v British Rail Engineering [1980] AC 136Wells v Wells [1999] 1 AC 345

Collateral Benefits

Social Security (Recovery of Benefits) Act 1997*Bradburn v Great Western Railway Co (1874) LR 10 Ex 1Parry v Cleaver [1970] AC 1*Hunt v Severs [1994] 2 AC 350 Lewis, ‘Deducting Collateral Benefits from Damages: Principle and Policy’ (1998) 18 LS 15

Damages for death

*Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934, s 1 *Fatal Accidents Act 1976 Davies v Taylor [1974] AC 207*H v S [2002] EWCA Civ 792, [2003] QB 965Law Commission, Claims for Wrongful Death (LC 263 1999), Parts I and III

Remedies in property torts

*The Mediana [1900] AC 113Dodd Properties v Canterbury City Council [1980] 1 WLR 433Arthur v Anker [1997] QB 564*Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655Delaware Mansions Ltd v Westminster City Council [2001] UKHL 55, [2001] 4 All ER 737Dimond v Lovell [2002] 1 AC 384

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Hilary Term 2014

*Lagden v O’Connor [2003] UKHL 64, [2004] 1 AC 1067, [45]-[62], [90]-[102]

R. COMPENSATION: FAULT AND INSURANCE

Atiyah, ‘Personal Injuries in the Twenty-First Century: Thinking the Unthinkable’ in Birks (ed), Wrongs & Remedies in the Twenty-First Century (Clarendon 1996), or Atiyah, The Damages Lottery (Hart 1997)

Burrows, ‘In Defence of Tort’ in Burrows (ed), Understanding the Law of Obligations, (Hart 1998)

Weinrib, ‘The Insurance Justification and Private Law’ (1985) 14 JLS 681Stapleton, ‘Tort, Insurance and Ideology’ (1995) 58 MLR 820Morgan, ‘Tort, Insurance and Incoherence’ (2004) 67 MLR 384 Morris, ‘Spiralling or Stabilising? The Compensation Culture and Our Propensity to Claim

Damages for Personal Injury’ (2007) 70 MLR 349 (see also Compensation Act 2006, s 1)Coleman, Risks and Wrongs (OUP 1992), pp.205–209

S. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TORT LAW

Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007), chs 1, 13–14Nolan and Robertson, ‘Rights and Private Law’ in Nolan and Robertson (eds), Rights and

Private Law (2012) 1Weinrib, The Idea of Private Law (Harvard University Press 1995), chs 1 and 6

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