To quote this work:

Aubron Claire, Kleinpeter Vivien, Bainville Sébastien, Philippon Olivier, 2019. Producing milk today in India:a diversity of structures and practices, International seminar "Milk and Dairy in India’s Development Path.Lessons, challenges and perspectives", India International Centre, New Delhi, 17-18 December, 25 p.

Producing milk today in India:

a diversity of structures and practices

C. Aubron, V. Kleinpeter, O. Philippon, S. Bainville

IndiaMilk final seminar, Delhi, 17-18 December 2019

Presentation of 4 contrasting production systems

Landless day labourer

with dairy farming

Family farmer

rainfed crops with multifunctional livestock

Family farmer

irrigated crops and dairy farming

Landowner with hired labour

irrigated crops and dairy farming

1 2

3 4

12

43

EXAMPLE OF ONE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

IN ALLUVIAL PLAIN

(PETLAD, GUJARAT)

(work conducted by Corentin Lucas, 2014)

Landless day labourer

with dairy farming

1

1. Landless day labourer,

with dairy farming

feed concentrate

rice and mil straw

veterinary care, A.I.

milk

manure

animals

2 family workers0 ha 1 wooden stall

1 she-buffalo

grass on roads and field edges

weeding

Ø

purchasing

collecting

selling

milk

family consumption

PRODUCTION SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

1. Landless day labourer,

with dairy farming

1 she-buffalo

(4 -15 years)

DEMOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONING SCHEME (average /year)

first calving : 4 years

1 year between two calvings

calf mortality 80 %

sex ratio 50%

0,1 male

(at 2 months)

0,1 female calf

(0-1 year)

0,1 she-buffalo

(at 15 years)

0,1 male calf

(0-2 months)

milk : 775 L / she-buffalo / yearmanure

animals

0,1 heifer

(2-3 years)

0,1 heifer

(1-2 years)

0,1 heifer

(3-4 years)

1. Landless day labourer,

with dairy farmingFEEDING

Contribution to the annual ration provided in troughkilograms dry matter per year for the herd

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

collected spontaneous green fodder concentrate straw

1. Landless day labourer,

with dairy farmingWORKING CALENDAR

days of work

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

January February March April May June July August September October November December

153 days of work

with half corresponding to collecting spontaneous green fodder

(work conducted by Hugo Lehoux, 2014)

EXAMPLE OF ONE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

IN HILLY AREA

(DHARAMPUR, GUJARAT)

Family farmer

rainfed crops with multifunctional livestock

2

2. Family farmer, rainfed crops

with multi-functional livestockPRODUCTION SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

seeds

chemicals fertilizer

2 family workers0,7 ha

1 swing plough

1 hoe

1 stall

1 local cow

grass on roads and field edges

weeding

purchasing

collecting

selling

family consumption

2 bullocks

0,5 ha

0,1 ha

paddy

paddy / pulses

pulses

finger millet

0,1 ha

0,1 ha milk

animals

paddy

pulses

finger millet

milk

rice

pulses

finger milletdraught

manure

paddy straw

finger millet straw

rice bran

daily grazing in the forest

grazing

2. Family farmer, rainfed crops

with multi-functional livestockMULTIFUNCTIONAL LIVESTOCK

organic fertilizer

milk

ploughinglevelling

2. Family farmer, rainfed crops

with multi-functional livestockDEMOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONING SCHEME (average /year)

1 local cow

(3 -15 years)

first calving : 3 years

16 months between two calvings

calf mortality 40 %

sex ratio 50%

0,07 young male

0,22 female calf

(0-1 year)

0,08 cow

(15 years old)

0,22 male calf

(0-1 year)

0,14 young female

2 bullocks

(2 -15 years)

0,15 bullock

(15 years old)0,08 heifer

(2- 3 years)

0,15 male

( 1 - 2 years)

milk : 150 L / year

draught

manure animals

0,15 heifer

(1- 2 years)

2. Family farmer, rainfed crops

with multi-functional livestockFEEDING

0 1000 2000 3000

collected spontaneous green fodder concentrate straw

Contribution to the annual ration provided in troughkilograms dry matter per year for the herd

2. Family farmer, rainfed crops

with multi-functional livestock

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

January February March April May June July August September October November December

cropping systems

operations

livestock system

tasks

WORKING CALENDAR

paddy transplanting paddy harvesting

days of work

163 days of work for the livestock system

with half corresponding to collecting spontaneous green fodder + grazing

Family farmer

irrigated crops and dairy farming

3

(work conducted by Céline Buttard, 2018)

EXAMPLE OF ONE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

IN DECCAN PLATEAU

(PALAMANER, ANDHRA PRADESH)

3. Family farmer, irrigated crops

with dairy farmingPRODUCTION SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

seeds

chemicals fertilizer

pesticides

sticks, threads, wires

electricity

materiel services

paddy straw

groundnuts cake

wheat and rice husk

artificial insemination

veterinary consultation and

medicine

glucose and calcium

insect spray for the cattle

2 family workers

+ hired labourers1,2 ha

1 tube well, 1 battery

spray pump, 5 hoes, 5

sickles, 0,7 ha drip

irrigation system, 1 stall

2 crossbred cows

purchasing

selling

family consumption

0,7 ha

0,4 ha

vegetable / vegetable

groundnut + pulses

elephant grass

0,1 ha

milk

animals

vegetables

pulses

milk

vegetables

pulses

manure

elephant grass

groundnut leaves

grazing

grazing all year

3. Family farmer, irrigated crops

with dairy farmingDEMOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONING SCHEME (average /year)

2 crossbred cows

(3 years -10 years)

first calving : 3 years

1 year between two calvings

sex ratio 50%

calf mortality : female 19%, male 28%,

0,72 young male

(1 year old)

0,81 female calf

(0-1 year)

0,29 heifer

(2-3 years)

0,29 cow

(10 years old)

0,72 male calf

(0-1 year)

0,52 young female

(2 years old)

milk : 1 480 L / cow / yearmanureanimals

0,81 heifer

(1-2 years)

3. Family farmer, irrigated crops

with dairy farmingFEEDING

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

cultivated green fodder concentrate straw

Contribution to the annual ration provided in troughkilograms dry matter per year for the herd

3. Family farmer, irrigated crops

with dairy farmingWORKING CALENDAR

297 days of work for the livestock system (including cultivated fodder collection)

with 15% corresponding to grazing

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

January February March April May June July August September October November December

hired labourers for the

cropping systems

operations

family workforce for the

cropping systems

operations

family workforce for the

livestock system tasks

days of work

(work conducted by Remi Pédèches, 2017)

EXAMPLE OF ONE PRODUCTION SYSTEM

IN DECCAN PLATEAU

(BANAGANAPALLI, ANDHRA PRADESH)

Landowner with hired labour

irrigated crops and dairy farming

4

4. Landowner with hired labour,

irrigated crops and dairy farmingPRODUCTION SYSTEM FUNCTIONING

seeds

chemical fertilizers

manure

pesticides

electricity

diesel oil

artificial insemination

veterinary consultation

and medecine

rice bran

flour

1 family worker

+ 1 hired labourer32 ha

1 tractor with tools

3 pumps with pipes

1 stall

4 she-buffaloes

purchasing

selling

family consumption

24 ha

chick pea // sorghum // pigeon pea

paddy

8 ha

milk

animals

paddy

chic pea

sorghum

pigeon pea

straw

milk

paddy

pulses

manure

sorghum and rice straw

grazing

crop residues (April to August)

collecting

grass on roads and field edges

weeding

4. Landowner with hired labour,

irrigated crops and dairy farmingDEMOGRAPHIC FUNCTIONING SCHEME (average /year)

4 she-buffaloes (5 -15 years)

first calving : 5 years

1,5 year between two calvings

calf mortality 15 %

sex ratio 50%

2,27 female calves

(0-1 year)

0,3 she-buffalo

(at 15 years old)

2,27 male calves

(0-1 year)

milk : 980 L / she-buffalo / yearmanureanimals

2,27 heifers

(2-3 years)

2,27 heifers

(1-2 years)

2,27 heifers

(3-4 years)

2,27 heifers

(4-5 years)

1,27 heifers

(at 4 years old)

2,27 male calves

(at 1 year old)

4. Landowner with hired labour,

irrigated crops and dairy farmingFEEDING

Contribution to the annual ration provided in troughkilograms dry matter per year for the herd

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

collected spontaneous green fodder concentrate straw

4. Landowner with hired labour,

irrigated crops and dairy farmingWORKING CALENDAR

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Januray February March April May June July August September October November December

family workforce

cropping systems operations

temporary hired labourers

cropping systems operations

pemanent hired labourer

livestock system tasks

215 days of work for the livestock system

days of work

Examples of 4 farms archetypes …

... among 147 modelized

in the process of being all stored in a database.

Thank you for your attention !