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General Assembly Resolution1-A-1

Topic: The Role of science and Technology in the Context of International Security and Disarmament

Submitted to: General Assembly Plenary

Submitted by: First Committee

The General Assembly,

MINDFUL of both the negative and positive advancements being made in regards to science and technology and national security,

GUIDED BY the objectives and principles stated in Article 2.1 of the Charter of the United Nations, which states that “the organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its nations,”

RECALLING Article 1 of the Convention Relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation which states that every Member State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the air space 6500 feet above sea level,

ACKNOWLEDGING Article 57 (2)(a) of the additional protocol to the Fourth Geneva Convention–Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, which states that unarmed aerial weapons allow for completely dehumanized combat,

DEEPLY CONCERNED about the use of semi-autonomous and autonomous aerial weapons’ systems, such as Unmanned Arial Vehicles, being placed into the hands of non-state actors, and their potentially harmful use in the international sphere as outlined in the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research report Framing Discussions on the Weaponization of Increasingly Autonomous Technology,

RECALLING the message of GA Resolution 61/55 and its emphasis on the importance of the continued use of science and technology for peaceful purposes, and the importance of this reso-lution as it relates to autonomous weapons systems,

RECOGNIZING that the 2014 Informal Meeting of Experts on lethal autonomous weapons sys-tems defines autonomous weapons as any dehumanized weapons that have autonomous maneu-vering and decision making,

1. RECOMMENDS that the Security Council reinforce the principle of State sovereignty as defined in Article 1.2 of the Charter of the United Nations, to prevent potential regu-lations that could hinder the developing role of science and technology in disarmament or limit the power of Member States in their use of scientific and technological advance-ments to further their peaceful and prosperous development;

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2. CONDEMNS the use of semi-autonomous and autonomous aerial weapons systems by non-state actors as it conflicts with the achievement of goals relating to protecting civilians and non-combatants;

3. FURTHER INVITES the established Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force to aid Member States in addressing the prevention of attainment and use of semi-autonomous and autonomous aerial weapon systems by illicit non-state actors through providing technological support;

4. REQUESTS financial assistance for Member States who apply via grants for funding provided through the United Nations Fund for International Partnerships, an organiza-tion working for international security, human rights, and peace, whose grants would aid in research and security advancements as they relate to technology that bolster the ef-forts of national security to combat illicit non-state actors;

5. URGES Member States to produce national legislation like that outlined by the International Committee for Robot Arms Control in their working paper entitled Compliance Measures for an Autonomous Weapons Convention, which involves barring non-state actors from the acquisition and subsequent use of semi-autonomous and autonomous aerial weapons system’s technology;

6. ENDORSES the creation of a new division of the International Civil Aviation Organization that monitors the use of all aerial semi-autonomous and autonomous weapons systems technology in order to eliminate the potential for their acquisition by militarized non-state actors;

7. ENCOURAGES the International Maritime Organization to keep more detailed records and act as a reporting mechanism for Member States’ new technological and scientific advancements made in regards to water-based semi-autonomous and autonomous weapons systems used by non-state actors in order to account for the evolution in weapons;

8. EMPHASIZES the ability of Member States to independently determine what exactly constitutes a non-state actor, and subsequently decide sovereignly how to appropriately prevent the acquisition and use of semi-autonomous and autonomous weapons systems by said non-state actors through its own adopted national legislation and international cooperation at the discretion of the Member State;

9. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that Member States work towards the timely implementation of heightened security measures through various international organizations that work towards preventing militarized non-state actors, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, from obtaining and using semi-autonomous and autonomous weapons systems.

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Topic: The role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament

Submitted To: General Assembly Plenary



GUIDED BY Article 1.1 of the Charter of the United Nations as it states one of the main purposes of the United Nations (UN) is the maintenance of international peace and security, especially in regards to science and technology as it relates to security and disarmament,

FURTHER GUIDED BY Article 2.1 of the Charter of the United Nations, which calls for the sovereign equality of all nations, in order to maintain non-discriminatory efforts with regards to peaceful utilization of science and technology for the maintenance of international peace and security,

CONDEMNING the utilization of science and technology to increase the creation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), REAFFIRMING the facts stated within General Assembly Resolution A/RES/68/98 regarding the development of dual-use technology in the realm of security and disarmament,

REMINDING all Member States of the importance of productive uses of science and technology for energy sources in developing countries, which was called for in General Assembly Resolution A/RES/61/55,

DEEPLY CONVINCED that multilateral discussion over the role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament will only further developing States in a positive way and provide more efficient energy uses for developed States,

RECOGNIZING the need for complete, total, and irreversible disarmament of nuclear weapons by all States Parties the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapon (NPT) to make way for peaceful development of nuclear technologies as called for within the (NPT) and the need thereafter for the creation of nuclear weapon free zones such as the Treaty of Raratonga, the Treaty of Tlatelolco, and the Treaty of Pelindaba,

FURTHER REAFFIRMING the importance of Security Council Resolution S/RES/1373 in preventing the illegal movement of nuclear materials, as well as Security Council Resolution S/RES/1540 in prohibiting the transfer of WMDs and related materials and technologies to non-state actors,

NOTING THE IMPORTANCE of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, as it relates to cyber security threats, in order to prevent the acquisition of scientific capabilities through the financing of terrorism in all of its forms and manifestations,

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EMPHASIZING the need for maritime and port security in order to strengthen trade and prevent the illicit transfer of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons technologies to non-state actors as stated within the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea also known as the Hamburg Rules,

ENCOURAGED by steps taken towards the universalization of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction as it prevents the creation and proliferation of chemical weapons and also allows for the peaceful uses of chemical technologies,

EXPRESSING the importance of the safe and secure export of biological material and technology to developing countries in order to ensure the peaceful uses of medical biotechnology within the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (BWC),

COGNIZANT of Article IV of the NPT which states that all States Party to the NPT have the right to develop peaceful uses of nuclear technology including energy with an emphasis on increased security within nuclear facilities is needed,

KEEPING IN MIND the importance of the sharing best practices and technology transfer as it relates to cybersecurity, especially for developing states, in order to build information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure as emulated within the 2012 Organization of American States Report on Cyber Security,

ACKNOWLEDGING the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material as it is fundamental for international confidence building and security of nuclear technologies,

FURTHER RECOGNIZING the positive uses of ICTs in development of nuclear and alternative energy as referenced in the Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind,

REITERATING the need for increased regulation of the licit trade of small arms and light weapons (SALWs) within the international community through better utilization of emerging science and technology as addressed by the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT),

NOTING the harmful effects of the illicit trade of Small Arms Light Weapons (SALW) within the international community, especially in developing countries, and the impact that the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects has had to limit this trade, including technology transfer within national and regional frameworks,

FURTHER EMPHASIZING the need for cooperation between Member States and United Nation Organization on Outer Space Activities, in line with the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and

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Other Celestial Bodies, in the development and utilization of space and satellite technology so as to assist with overall socio-economic development,

NOTING FURTHER the importance of the 2005 World Summit on the Information Society, which emphasizes the role of Internet technologies being accessible by all Member States,

FURTHER RECOGNIZING that dual-use technologies can have both civilian and military pur-poses and that Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) also have these capabilities,

PROMOTING a Global Positioning System through technological advancements to allow UAVs to have a no fly zone, with respect to territorial integrity, as evidenced by the Chicago Convention, which require authorization to enter such territories,

1. RECOGNIZES the importance of respecting the sovereignty of all states within interna-tional organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Organiza-tion for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and Implementation Support Unit (ISU) regarding international peace and security, disarmament and non-prolifera-tion measures, especially with concerns towards science and technology;

2. REQUESTS that Member States cooperate with the 1540 Committee and the Counter-Terrorism Committee in order to increase and improve information sharing to developing nations, in order to build capacity for international non-proliferation efforts and prevent non-state actors from accessing WMDs and related materials;

3. EMPHASIZES the necessity to deny the financing of terrorism in all of its forms and manifestations through the utilization of the Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Com-mittee’s Executive Directorate, specifically with regards to the ability of non-State ac-tors to acquire technology for non-peaceful purposes;

4. ENCOURAGES the World Customs Organization to increase cooperation with Member States in implementing the Container Control Programme to develop improved port and maritime security infrastructure by using the secure communication application ContainerComm for technology transfer;

5. CALLS UPON the OPCW, the Australia Group and all Member States to increase the monitoring of chemical weapons technology transfers in order to prevent the acquisition of these technologies by non-state actors and ensure chemical material is utilized for peaceful uses only;

6. ENDORSES the increased funding of the ISU from all willing and able Member States especially for the creation of a peer review system as suggested by the UN Institute for Disarmament Research that will assist developing countries in implementing the BWC, specifically by transferring peaceful biological science and technology;

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7. CALLS FOR Member States to adhere to the NPT by disarming all nuclear weapons in order to create a safer international community for all and to utilize nuclear technology solely for peaceful purposes;

8. URGES all Member States create and comply with national comprehensive safeguard agreements through the IAEA with regards to the Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement(s) Between State(s) and the IAEA for the Application of Safeguards in order to be up to date on all safety standards within all nuclear facilities;

9. SUPPORTS the IAEA’s Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review Missions, in order to prevent obstacles for developing nations in creating and utilizing peaceful nuclear technology and energy through atomic fission;

10. FURTHER ENCOURAGES the establishment of non-discriminatory national legislation regarding nuclear energies through the IAEA Country Programme Frameworks, in order to allow nations the ability to access peaceful nuclear technologies;

11. FURTHER ENDORSES increased financial and technical assistance to nations pursuing safer atomic technology for alternative energy uses, particularly in line with the IAEA regulations and their programmes regarding nuclear technology;

12. SEEKS funding for ICT training within Member States for scientific and technological development through the UN Capacity Development Fund or the International Telecom-munications Union’s Accessibility Trust Fund in order to maintain national and regional security;

13. ACKNOWLEDGES the necessity for the continued utilization of the INTERPOL Infor-mation Security Incident Response Team to detect and mitigate cyber-security incidents, including social media recruitment by non-State actors, to enhance and uphold the main-tenance of international peace and security through assisting Member States in their abil-ity to accurately detect cyber-security threats or breaches;

14. CALLS UPON all willing and able Member States to promote cooperation in terms of scientific and technological advancements through the International Multilateral Partner-ship Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) that enables Member States to work together in order to establish and develop capabilities to ensure cyber-security on all levels, with special regards to Member States who are unable to develop such capacities on their own;

15. CALLS FOR increased facilitation for discussion on education regarding internet tech-nologies within scientific developments through increased technical cooperation by all Member States that utilize IMPACT;

16. URGES financial institutions, specifically regional development banks, to increase focus on cybersecurity threats which compromises safety and security of these networks, espe-cially in the terms of the financing of terrorism in all of its forms and manifestations;

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17. REQUESTS the expansion of the IAEA’s mandate to include cyber-security initiatives for the protection of nuclear facilities that are utilized by Member States for peaceful purposes in order to maintain international peace and security and the prevention the proliferation of these technologies for purposes which are not condoned within the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;

18. FURTHER REQUESTS the continued implementation of the non-binding International Code of Conduct for Information Security, which establishes recommendations on how Member States can improve cyber-security at the national and regional levels to strengthen international security, particularly in regards to scientific and technological advancements;

19. FURTHER CALLS UPON all Member States to sign, ratify and implement the ATT in order to regulate more effectively the licit trade of SALWs with new non-proliferation technologies so as to prohibit potential increases in the illicit trade of SALWs;

20. FURTHER URGES the increased tracing of SALWs by Member States and regional bodies, such as the African Union, European Union, Organization of American States and Association of South East Asian Nations, in adherence with the guidelines of the In-ternational Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons for their disarmament and to further maintain international peace and security through innovative technological applications of tracing;

21. FURTHER ENCOURAGES the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to assist developing countries in establishing space and satellite technology, such as UN Space-based information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, for peaceful purposes such as agricultural development and disaster risk reduction especially through technology transfer;

22. RECOMMENDS the Interagency Space Debris Coordination Committee, which fully monitors space debris in the low earth orbit, in order to provide jurisdiction over developing states spaced based program, to ensure that developing space programs maintain their purpose and are not compromised due to space debris;

23. CALLS FOR Member States to expand the Wassenaar Arrangement to include UAVs in the import and export regimes, thus building the technical capacity of Member States to combat the illicit trade of UAV weapons;

24. FURTHER RECOMMENDS the creation of an additional protocol to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) on UAVs and related technologies in order to increase transparency and confidence building measures between Member States;

25. FURTHER RECOMMENDS the CCW Implementation Support Unit to assist States Parties to the CCW in implementing national legislation relating to UAVs and related

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technology as a means to prevent the proliferation and arming of UAVs in order to promote the development of technology for peaceful purposes;

26. FURTHER URGES all willing and able Member States to implement international stamping regulations that would aim at the illicit trafficking of UAV and their materials, which threaten disarmament measures, modelled after the Micro Percussion Method, which is both cost effective and efficient.

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Topic: The role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament




NOTING the potential damage that a distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack could cause to a Member States vital infrastructure such as: electric grids, water services, and various transportation services,

CONSCIOUS of the research that has been conducted regarding the movement of malicious data and the applications that have been found to better mitigate cyber-attacks, which are still not currently standard protocol,

RECOGNIZING that the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) holds purview over international data communications standards and studies cyber security issues in Study Group 17 as it provides recommendations, on security issues, that should be heeded by Member States wishing to protect themselves from cyber-attacks,

AWARE that a DDOS as defined by US-CERT, is an attack where a user may use a computer to attack another computer by taking advantage of security vulnerabilities. The attacker then sends huge amounts of data to a server to render it unusable,

1. CALLS UPON Member States to recognize that public and private data is seriously at risk with regard to DDOS attacks;

2. ENCOURAGES Member States to implement virtual servers to create a secure barrier between possible attackers and the aforementioned data;

3. ENDORSES Member States to enact legislation that would encourage the adoption of these server standards such as the implementation of virtual servers as a safeguard to protect sensitive information;

4. FURTHER ENDORSES the ITU to oversee the standardization of this system and im-proved software developments to better combat the advancing and evolving threats that are created;

5. RECOMMENDS every major server system, within Member States, create a virtual server system that will preview all traffic wishing to ping the server in order to better de-tect an attack and be able to be created as either a separate actual server that acts as a firewall to interpret data or as a software partition that acts in the same way and only al-low information packets to transfer to the actual server that have been verified as non duplicates;

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6. DESIGNATES that the server be described and utilized with:a. a virtual server that can be run on an open source Linux-based platform in order

to be more applicable and functional for under-developed States in regards to functionality against cost of common proprietary software,

b. a Linux-based system that is also more efficient for security matters and can be changed at the deepest level, the kernel,

c. the ability to respond to an oncoming DDOS attack and be able to shut down and reboot the system accordingly, while being able to modify the IP address during the compromise of the virtual server and allowing any computer or system con-nected via the IP connection to be spared from a direct attack.

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General Assembly Resolution 2-A-1

Topic: Follow-Up to and Implementation of the Outcome of the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development and the 2008 Review Conference


Submitted by: Second Committee


DETERMINED to use the purposes and principles stated in the Charter of the United Nations as a basis for all action taken on financing for development, especially sovereignty in Article 2.7, sovereign equality in Article 2.1, promoting higher standards of living for all in Article 55c, and achieving all human rights in Article 1.3,

FURTHER DETERMINED to strengthen efforts toward the implementation of the Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development (Monterrey Consensus) and the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development (Doha Declaration), in order to achieve the goals of promoting transparency and mutual accountability, achieving aid commitments, and encouraging the long-term self-sufficiency of developing countries by empowering local communities to assist in development efforts,

NOTING the importance of international cooperation toward mutual accountability in the provision of financing for development in order to improve the effectiveness and promote the transparency of aid, in line with the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness,

REMEMBERING the 2005 World Summit Outcome, which emphasized improving trade capacity for developing countries through comprehensive development initiatives, and the important role that transportation plays in trade capacity,

REITERATING General Assembly (GA) Resolution A/RES/68/199 which promotes the elimination of trade barriers in order to enhance the role of trade in generating development finance,

CONVINCED that trade is an engine for development, as recognized by the Monterrey Consensus, and that intraregional trade is an important way to generate finance for development and promote developmental self-sufficiency,

GUIDED BY the principle of state sovereignty as the basis for international diplomacy, as outlined in Article 2.7 of The Charter of the United Nations, because of the crucial nature that sovereignty plays on national ownership of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) initiatives,

COGNIZANT of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, which identified transparency as a crucial aspect of the effective implementation of FDI,

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RECALLING the Rio+20 outcome document, The Future We Want, and the beneficial role of regional organizations in assisting policy development through information sharing for the purposes of effective entrepreneurship and microfinance,

BEARING IN MIND the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Microfinance in Africa report, which highlights the importance of micro-financing in economic development of rural and developing regions,

FURTHER RECALLING the Declaration on the Right to Development and the crucial nature that basic services, such as education and healthcare, have on development,

UNDERSTANDING that building human capital through universal primary education is highly important to increasing societal productivity, as recognized in the Dakar Framework for Action, which will increase the ability of Member States to generate domestic financing for the purposes of development,

FURTHER COGNIZANT of the importance of technical and vocational training in order to enhance the quality of the workforce within all countries, particularly in the areas of entrepreneurship, skills development, agriculture, teaching, and infrastructure development, which was noted in the Millennium Declaration,

RECOGNIZING that external debt is a significant hindrance to development, as established in GA Resolution A/RES/68/202, especially developing countries, and that debt relief is a method of financing for development that effectively increases the capacity of developing countries for economic growth,

REAFFIRMING the goals set by the Monterrey Consensus, specifically the goal to eradicate poverty, and the positive impact that agriculture sector development has on financing economic growth development and eradicating poverty,

AWARE of the poverty strategy reduction papers (PRSP), used by the Highly-Indebted Poor Countries in order to increase transparency and accountability, and therefore furthering FDI and multilateral development assistance,

UNDERLINING GA Resolution A/RES/68/262, entitled Human Rights and Unilateral Coercive Measures, which recognizes that the application of sanctions, regardless of motivation, has a direct negative impact on the development within the target Member State and reduces the amount of financing for development,

FURTHER NOTING paragraph 86 of the Doha Declaration which addresses concerns associated with inadequate infrastructure and lack of capacity building which prohibits the financing of economic development,

FURTHER AWARE of the importance of increasing financial inclusion and removing barriers to the access to finance, particularly for rural populations, in helping individuals save up financing for development, including through the use of innovative tools, such as micro-finance, in promoting development at the local level, as mentioned in GA Resolution A/RES/68/226,

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FURTHER NOTING the importance of empowering women through gender mainstreaming within national development strategies, which will greatly improve societal productivity and increase the amount of financing available for development, as stated in the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action,

FURTHER NOTING the importance of both corporate social responsibility and creating an international enabling environment for the promotion of investment in order to increase the role of the private sector in financing for development, as held in the 2005 World Summit Outcome,

EMPHASIZING the vital role that migration and remittances can play in promoting development and higher standards of living within developing countries, and the need to streamline remittance delivery to these countries, as held in the Declaration of the High-Level Meeting on Migration and Development,

FURTHER NOTING the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Youth Strategy 2014-2017 which identifies the role youth play in stimulating the economy and financing for development,

1. COMMENDES the beneficial impact that the UNDP’s Delivering As One initiative has had on development, by coordinating their development assistance through one source;

2. STRONGLY REAFFIRMS the commitment in the Monterrey Consensus and the Outcome of the World Conference on the Economic and Financial Crisis and Its Im-pact on Development to achieve the allotment of 0.7% of gross national income (GNI) toward official development assistance (ODA);

3. RECOMMITS to the provision of ODA through the creation of plans to incremen-tally raise the percent in order to achieve the goal by no later than 2020, or on a by-needs basis with a comprehensive review of these plans in 2020, to ensure constant progress to achieve the 0.7% of GNI;

4. EMPHASIZES that all the solutions contained in this resolution should be imple-mented in line with national development strategies and the principle of national ownership held in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, and with the utmost respect for cultural norms and the sovereignty of Member States, as held in Article 2.7 of the Charter of the United Nations;

5. ENDORSES the creation of a Permanent Forum on Accountability and Trans-parency in Financing for Development comprised of members of the Second Com-mittee with membership being extended to all interested Member States and requir-ing a unanimous decision for any action and shall be responsible for:

a. Conducting a semi-annual review and analysis of the allocation of monetary funds to recipient countries, if a Member State’s use of these funds is ques-

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tionable and/or in possible violation of the adopted transparency and account-ability framework, then an additional session shall be called to decide if addi-tional action, including condemnation, is necessary;

b. Analyzing development assistance reports conducted by the receiving coun-try in order to decide if official and assertive condemnation by the Forum is necessary;

c. Maintaining unbiasedness by prohibiting a Member State from reviewing themselves; and

d. Ensuring all decisions are made by unanimous decision amongst permanent and rotating members of the Forum;

6. INVITES donor Member States participating in the Aid for Trade Initiative to adhere to the Most Favored Nation principle, as defined by the World Trade Organization, by giving equal treatment to all trading partners to promote free and equitable trade within the international community;

7. URGES Member States to utilize bilateral agreements and regional trading blocs to further expand upon the work done by trade networking initiatives such as the African Agribusiness and Agro-industries Development Initiative;

8. RECOMMENDS that the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency expand its fo-cus to include the mitigation of economic and financial risks, in addition to political risks, in order to better mobilize financial resources for financing for development;

9. ENCOURAGES all willing and able Member States to increase financial assistance to the UNDP Good Governance Thematic Trust Fund, in order to improve trans-parency and therefore promote the effective implementation of FDI;

10. CALLS ON Regional Development Banks to expand their transportation infrastruc-ture development initiatives, such as the Asian Development Bank’s Trade and Transportation Facilitation Programme, to focus on rural communities, in order to establish roads and trade routes in accordance with national development plans to better facilitate trade economic growth through increased transportation capacity;

11. FURTHER CALLS ON Member States to cooperate with the World Customs Orga-nization (WCO) through the establishment of Authorized Economic Operators, in or-der to implement universally agreed upon WCO standards of economic integration in the realm of multinational corporations and all other relevant stakeholders;

12. REAFFIRMS the UNDESA’s African Traditional Responsive Banking to offer its framework to all willing and able Member States for the adoption a more regional approach for the sharing of best practices and information sharing to promote cohesiveness through micro-financing;

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13. COMMITS to reducing by at least 50% average annual trade delays by 2030, through transportation infrastructure development in order to streamline trade and more effectively mobilize imports and exports in developing countries;

14. CALLS UPON the United Nations Capital Development Fund, in cooperation with regional organizations, to lend its technical expertise to developing countries, through information sharing and policy development assistance, in order to aid de-veloping countries in the national formulation of entrepreneurship and micro-finance strategies;

15. SUPPORTS the creation and expansion of nationally appropriate social development incentives, such as conditional cash transfers which promote the investment in health and education within developing communities;

16. DIRECTS multilateral development funding institutions, such as the UNDP’s Poverty Thematic Trust fund and Regional Development Banks, to increase financial assistance to the World Health Organization’s Public Health and Infrastructure Pro-gramme, in order to more comprehensively develop healthcare infrastructure, includ-ing effective and modern healthcare technology;

17. FURTHER ENCOURAGES developing Member States to conduct country-led in-frastructure development for education, including the building of schools and pro-moting access to school through strengthening transportation networks, with cooper-ation from United Nations (UN) programmes like the United Nations Children’s Fund, regional development banks, and civil society organizations;

18. FURTHER CALLS ON Member States to increase contributions toward the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Technical, Vocational, and Educational Training programme to bridge the gap between primary education and productive employment, especially for entrepreneurship for women, which will promote long-term sustainability of development finance in developing countries and help to create sustainable human capital for the advancement of development for all;

19. FURTHER INVITES creditor countries to expand the use of debt swap initiatives that use debt relief in combination with development initiatives in order to better promote sustainable debt in developing countries and overall economic and social development;

20. FURTHER RECOMMENDS UN-WATER to expand their Capacity Development Decade Programme to improve the allocation of resources, technical assistance, and training for the development of national irrigation plans, in order to improve agricul-tural production and therefore economic development and the eradication of poverty, the primary goal of financing for development;

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21. REQUESTS that CGIAR and the International Fund for Agriculture Development’s Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme, work together through the free and open flow of ideas and technical information, to be able to better distribute live-stock and hybridized inputs, in order to develop and diversify the agriculture sector in developing countries and therefore finance economic development;

22. RECOGNIZES that the PRSPs of the Highly-Indebted Poor Countries Initiative should integrate a requirement for financial management workshops, in cooperation with international financial institutions and donor states, that build the capacity of developing countries to effectively improve financial and economic governance;

23. FURTHER SUPPORTS increased collaboration between UN programmes, such as the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the United Nations Space Based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, in order to improve preparedness in disaster risk reduction;

24. FURTHER CALLS ON all willing and able Member states to increase financial, technical, and logistical assistance through the High-Level Panel on UN System-Wide Coherence in the Areas of Development, Humanitarian Assistance and the En-vironment, in order to streamline disaster response and recovery by coordinating their assistance through one source;

25. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the African Development Bank, and the International Trade Center’s Transparency in Trade to work in conjunction with the United Nations’ Ethics Office to include the eight defined standards outlined within the United Nations Transparency and Accountability Initiatives regarding development for financing and sharing of best practices;

26. FURTHER RECOGNIZES the negative developmental effects of sanctions and the importance of minimizing the effects on civilian populations in line with the purposes and principles of the UN;

27. FURTHER INVITES donor Member States participating in the Aid for Trade Initiative to adhere to the Most Favored Nation principle, as defined by the World Trade Organization, by giving equal treatment to all trading partners within their trade development programs to promote free and equitable trade within the international community;

28. FURTHER URGES Member States to utilize bilateral agreements and regional trading blocs to further expand upon the work done by trade networking initiatives such as the African Agribusiness and Agro-industries Development Initiative;

29. FURTHER REAFFIRMS the UNDESA’s African Traditional Responsive Banking to offer its framework to all willing and able Member States for the adoption a more

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regional approach for the sharing of best practices and information sharing to promote cohesiveness through micro-financing;

30. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that the UNDP’s Poverty Thematic Trust Fund streamline partnerships with regional development banks to increase the efficiency of projects that improve and create infrastructure development to meet the specific needs of each Member States, modeled after the United Nations Environmental Programme’s Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project;

31. FURTHER SUPPORTS the micro-financing framework found in legislations, such as Jordan’s national Poverty Alleviation Strategies, to increase access to microcredit and microloans to marginalized populations, as determined by the Member States;

32. FUTHER CALLS FOR the implementation of the provisions of the Global Compact in national policies of both developed and developing States in order to incentivize multinational and transnational corporations to comply with corporate social respon-sibility standards, especially in regard to promoting development in host countries, by providing fast-tracked incentives such as lowered tariffs and preferential trade in order to increase the positive benefit of the private sector on financing for develop-ment;

33. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ex-pand its focus to include the mitigation of economic and financial risks, in addition to political risks, in order to better mobilize financial resources for financing for de-velopment;

34. FURTHER ENCOURAGES greater cooperation between national investment pro-motion agencies (IPAs) under the auspices of the World Association of IPAs to im-prove the ease of doing business in developing countries, including by the streamlin-ing of business creation, reducing barriers to trade, and the reformation of taxation systems in order to remove barriers to FDI;

35. PROMOTES the streamlining of remittances in order to increase the amount of fi-nancing for development available to developing countries, through the formulation of a long-term international agenda for the mutual reduction of barriers to remittance sharing, to be created by the International Organization for Migration before 2020 and periodically reviewed to assess progress made and strategies for improving its effectiveness.

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General Assembly Resolution 3-B-1

Topic: Comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

Submitted to: General Assembly

Submitted by: Third Committee


GUIDED BY Article 55 and 2.1 of the Charter of the United Nations, which call for universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, and reaffirms sovereign equality of all Member States respectively, especially in regards to the application of human rights,

ACKNOWLEDGING Paragraph 98 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA), which calls for the international community to strengthen the enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights, and the important role that culture plays within the promotion and protection of all human rights,

ACKNOWLEDGING the Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development, which calls for donor States to contribute .7% of their GNP to Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries with the aims of contributing to the promotion and protection of human rights,

UNDERSTANDING the domestic jurisdiction of national courts to try individuals for crimes against humanity and other human rights abuses as outlined in the Charter of the United Nations Article 2.7,

NOTING the importance of good governance and rule of law on the national and international scale in line with the Vienna +20 outcome document, in the realms of the promotion and protection of a healthy environment for Member States’ human rights mechanisms,

EMPHASIZING the importance of access to education for all peoples and the necessity for proper social infrastructure and social service delivery as noted in the Brussels Programme of Action on Least Developed Countries,

DEEPLY CONCERNED by the nearing deadline of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the continued lack of access to universal primary education for all populations, in line with MDG 2,

OBSERVING the importance of poverty alleviation for the advancement of human rights, such as education, as it has not been fully addressed within the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action or efforts for its implementation and follow-up,

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THIRD COMMITTEE

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PROMOTING the Dakar Framework for Education and the need to expedite the achievement of the Education for All Goals, particularly to provide universal, accessible, and quality education on all levels, in order to achieve empowerment of youth and protect their right to education,

NOTING Paragraph 31 of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA), which highlights the access to adequate healthcare as a human right and affirms its importance to sus-tainable development,

NOTING FURTHER the specific emphasis Paragraph 31 places on responsibility to protect and promote human rights through assuring the capacity of healthcare sectors in developing coun-tries to meet the healthcare needs of their populations as a means of promoting the right to life and development,

EMPHASIZING Article 15 of the ICESCR which promotes international solutions for scientific progress and development,

PROMOTING expedited action for MDG 8, primarily for access to medicines as a necessary means to ensuring prevention of the spread of communicable diseases and promoting healthy lifestyles,

RECOGNIZING the negative impact of the major health epidemic, particularly HIV/AIDS, on the fulfillment of human rights, and the need to achieve MDG 6 by the deadline of 2015, as well as continual process thereafter,

HAVING EXAMINED the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, which highlight the role of states in protecting women’s cultural, social, economic, civil, and political rights,

RECOGNIZING the success of programs such as MenEngage Rwanda, which work to address gender based biases, promote healthy families, encourage tolerance and support women’s eco-nomic empowerment through male education,

EMPHASIZES the importance of preserving cultural heritage and practices within healthcare design and application, as established in Article 3 of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Di-versity, as cultural diversity increases opportunities for everyone, specifically in healthcare,

TAKING NOTE of the definition of torture as found in Article 1.1 of the Convention Against Torture,

UNDERSTANDING the importance of addressing violence against women in a comprehensive manner, as outlined in HRC Resolution 23/25,

CONSIDERING the continued existence of inhibiting obstacles, particularly violence and instability, to the promotion and protection of human rights, as identified in Article 17 of the VDPA;

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RECALLING the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the Convention on Stateless Peoples, and the need for international cooperation with regards to short term and protracted refugees, internally displaced people, and stateless crises,

RECOGNIZING the work by the UNHCR for world development and enhancing access for refugees to settlements, food, water, and sanitation,

NOTING the right to work for all peoples as a means of eradicating poverty and promoting a standard of living for the promotion of universal human rights, in line with the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights,

1. CALLS FOR Member States and entities within the UN System to uphold the highest respect for human rights of all peoples, with particular attention paid to inter alia, women, children and youth, ethnic, religious, and cultural minorities, the disabled, the indigenous, the elderly, and gender and sexuality minorities, with appropriate international assistance, in order to promote a productive environment and approach to the VDPA;

2. URGES all willing and able Member States to sign and ratify all relevant international human rights conventions, particularly those listed specifically within the VDPA;

3. RECOMMENDS enhanced regional integration and cooperation in regards to the promotion of culturally-sensitive human rights-based approaches to the implementation and follow-up to the VDPA;

4. CALLS UPON the World Conference on Human Rights to convene with Member States and other relevant actors every decade to discuss updates to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, with a periodic review of progress every five years to assess progress toward meeting the goals therein in order to address the changing landscape of human rights;

5. ENCOURAGES obliged Member States to fulfil their commitment made within the Monterrey Consensus to assist developing countries in the implementation of national human rights priorities;

6. FURTHER ENCOURAGES increased attention to aid effectiveness, transparency, predictability, accountability, and national ownership of ODA in line with the Accra Agenda for Action and the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness;

7. WELCOMES the increased importance of investment capital and technical support to both the public and private sectors of Least Developed Countries via grants and loans from the UN Capital Development Fund with the aims of building national capacity and support for human rights mechanisms;

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8. REQUESTS all willing and able Member States contribute technical innovations, technical and logistical expertise, and other necessary resources to the UN Office for South-South Cooperation as a means to strengthen North-South and Triangular Cooperation with aims of addressing the unique needs of developing Member States, specifically as it comes to increasing the provision of human rights;

9. ENDORSES the cooperation of ECOSOC-registered NGOs with UN entities in the international promotion of access to basic human rights such as education, employment, healthcare, sanitation, water, and food in order to streamline efforts on national, regional, and global levels for the respect of the implementation of the VDPA;

10. RECOMMENDS enhanced coordination, collaboration, and registration of NGOs, including those addressing controversial topics and conflict prevention, within UN entities, as well as the inclusion of CSOs for a community-based approach which provides training and better incorporates local resources into development-related human rights initiatives;

11. SUGGESTS Member States work with the UN Rule of Law Unit in the promotion of the development of national, regional, and international legislation for the protection of human rights mechanisms with additional funding provided by the United Nations Development Program’s Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund;

12. IMPLORES all Member States to strengthen international mechanisms for addressing human rights abuses, including the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice, in a manner that is universal, while complementing national action;

13. FURTHER SUGGESTS the increased inclusion of women in the political sphere through national coordination with the UN Democracy Fund,

14. SUPPORTS increased technical and financial investments by willing and able Member States to the UNDP and its relevant trust funds in order to increase infrastructure development related to social service delivery and facilities with the aid of UNDP in order to meet the needs of underserved and remote populations;

15. ENDORSES the utilization of the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Education Sector in partnership with Member States to monitor and review education ministries modeled after the Universal Periodic Review to ensure the rights of the most vulnerable are met at all levels of education;

16. AFFIRMS collaboration between UNICEF and regional development banks to strengthen programming aimed at increasing financial literacy in order to enhance every individual’s ability for financial and economic freedom to further the promotion of human rights;

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17. EMPHASIZES the importance of national ownership and development of infrastructure programs, in order to ensure universal and sustainable access to social services, thereby protecting human rights on the national scale;

18. URGES the inclusion of all populations in primary education for the achievement of MDG 2, through national coordination and streamlining of the World Food Program’s (WFP) School Meals Initiative in order to promote retention in schools through alleviating the burden of nutrition and food security for impoverished populations;

19. PROMOTES the expansion of the Midday Meals Scheme in coordination with the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), par-ticularly in rural areas and developing countries, to provide nutritional meals and food security for children as a means to alleviate poverty and promote human rights with increased budgetary assistance to target countries from the donor community;

20. ENDORSES increased involvement in the Global Partnership for Education, with funding from the UNHCR’s Assisting Communities Together Project, to enhance sharing of best practices on the expansion of need-based education in all Member States, to ensure that all peoples have the ability to participate in the education which accommodates for local conditions and provides an adequate standard of liv-ing;

21. INVITES increased coordination between relevant education bodies within the UN system in order to develop quality human capital for education through the avenues of:

a. Funneling financial assistance to developing countries through UNESCO Teacher Training Initiative;

b. Providing technical assistance through the UNESCO’s International Task Force on Teachers for Education for All;

c. Providing logistical assistance through national initiatives such as the 360 Global Program;

22. WELCOMES the promotion of basic women’s rights through equitable access to ed-ucation for women and girls through the utilization and streamlining of the UN Girls Education Initiative, UNESCO’s Malala Fund for Girls’ Education, and NGOs such as CARE for a broad-based approach to gender equity and the promotion of women’s rights;

23. SUPPORTS the expansion of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Child Friendly Schools Programme to include primary and secondary education, with a focus on human rights education, to ensure the right of equal access to education at

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all levels thereby addressing actions raised in the VDPA, and is funded by the increased financial contributions from willing and able Member States;

24. SUGGESTS the review of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ (OHCHR) Database on Human Rights Education and Training in order to discover and address gaps within human rights education on the national level;

25. FURTHER SUGGESTS the adaptation of the OHCHR human rights education and training materials in line with the gaps found within the OHCHR Database on Hu-man Rights Education and Training to address the ever-evolving need for technical assistance and aspects of human rights;

26. REQUESTS coordination between UNESCO, International Telecommunications Union and Member States with aims of increasing the utilization of media in order to comprehensively and holistically implement the VDPA through provision of quality education and open access to information, especially in rural and remote locations;

27. RECOMMENDS the completion of the third phase of the OHCHR World Pro-gramme for Human Rights Education in order to properly train media professionals and journalists in the realm of human rights promotion to ensure a standard of under-standing on human rights, their devastating effects from abuse, and access to justice;

28. APPROVES the coordination between the UN Institute for Training and Research and the UNESCO’s TVET Initiative, in order to strengthen multilateralism, promote economic development and social inclusion, to promote human rights and sustain-able peace through gainful employment;

29. CONFIRMS the need for additional funding to achieve universal access to education on all levels for all populations through the utilization of such funding mechanisms as the MDG Achievement Fund;

30. SUGGESTS coordination between the ILO’s Women’s Entrepreneurship Develop-ment Program, the UN Capital Development Fund’s (UNCDF) MicroStart, and the UNCDF’s MicroLead, in order to empower impoverished women to not only attain gainful employment, but to be able to sustain their own businesses;

31. EMPHASIZES the need for coordination between the UNHCR’s Surge Project and the ILO’s Rural Development Programme to enhance resources and training for rural peoples;

32. REAFFIRMS increased assistance from regional development banks to expand ILO and Member State partnerships, to address the right to life, health, and freedom of assembly for disadvantaged workers, such as the Better Factories for Cambodia

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program, to serve as a review mechanism for protecting the human rights of disadvantaged workers;

33. ENDORSES Member States, particularly developing countries, to utilize the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Code of Practice on the International Recruit-ment of Health Personnel with assistance from the UN Population Fund to ensure ad-equate training of healthcare professionals and to mitigate brain drain;

34. ACKNOWLEDGES the importance of regional action to address climate and re-gion-specific issues in regards to the provision of healthcare, and therefore encour-ages Regional Development Banks to aim their assistance towards the healthcare sector;

35. CALLS UPON Member States to work in conjunction with the World Health Organization and other relevant UN bodies to engage underserved populations, such as the indigenous, in their own health care through community based micro health initiatives, like the micro health initiative in Latin America, as it combines local knowledge and western technology to address the community’s most urgent health needs;

36. DESIRES the prevention and eradication of highly communicable diseases, espe-cially HIV/AIDS, through logistical assistance for immunization, technology, and medicines provided by the United Nations’ Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Supply Divi-sion;

37. REQUESTS revitalized funding and voluntary contributions from donor states to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS toward an effective research of treat-ment and care methods for HIV/AIDS, such as extension of mobile clinics in rural areas and training of all professionals, to promote higher levels of health for all af-fected by the pandemic, especially vulnerable populations;

38. TAKES NOTE of national integration of proper immunization practices through such avenues as:

a. Financing of immunizations through the WHO’s International Finance Facil-ity for Immunization;

b. Training on proper usage of immunization through the WHO’s Immunization Training Partnership;

c. Sharing of best practices on immunization through the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations;

d. Integrating proper disposal and usage techniques for immunization and sy-ringes through the UNODC’s Guide to Starting and Managing Needle and Syringe Programs;

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39. SOLICITS continued collaboration between UN organizations, like the World Health Organization, e-learning platforms, and Member States to better engage in alternative learning initiatives as a means of educating people on their right to healthcare and how best to realize those rights through e-programs like NOVARTIS, which can be used as a model for educating women in particular on maternal health;

40. UPHOLDS the provision of reproductive rights and maternal healthcare through pro-grams such as the UNFPA and the UNICEF Healthy Mother, Healthy Child, Healthy Generation Campaign to provide women with information on proper family planning and mothering techniques;

41. AFFIRMS enhanced North-North, South-South, and triangular cooperation for the transfer of green technologies to developing countries aimed at furthering the ad-vancement of sustainable healthcare practices;

42. PROMOTES the highest quality provision of healthcare, especially in the realm of healthcare sanitation, through the WHO’s Clean Care is Safer Care Project in efforts to universally acknowledge that infection control is vital for patient safety and reduc-ing healthcare-associated infections and their consequences;

43. CALLS FOR increased voluntary financial contributions to the UN-Habitat Water and Sanitation Programme in order to build its capacity to expand to more target States, thereby increasing access to sanitation and potable water for all populations;

44. APPEALS for the work of the UNDP and UNICEF’s WASH Programs and encour-ages their use to address gaps between access to sanitation in regards to rural and ur-ban populations, thereby working to achieve MDG 7;

45. RECOMMENDS a review and revitalization of UN-Water’s Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation (GLASS) of Drinking-Water, including the consideration of innovative funding to the program, in order to address new concerns in regards to the urban and rural divide in access to potable water;

46. CONFIRMS the need for sustainable water management practices in developing countries through the utilization of the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Water Development Management Unit, which address the effectivity and productiv-ity of best practices for water use and conservation;

47. REQUESTS an enhanced partnership between the FAO, UN-Water, and the WFP in the auspices of streamlining local initiatives, such as qanat, to promote access to sus-tainable irrigation infrastructure;

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48. REITERATES the importance of increasing national understanding of the necessary capacity for food security in consultation with the High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis and the Committee on World Food Security;

49. PROPOSES periodic updates to the WHO’s Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition in order to have current data regarding child stunting and malnutrition, which will also be indicative of food security crises;

50. IMPLORES UN Bodies to engage and collaborate with Member States and NGOs to address childhood malnutrition through short term initiatives like those provided by PATH, which provides immediate food aid, and long term initiatives like Rural Education Action Programme (REAP) which works to add supplemental nutrition to food stuffs in developing countries;

51. SUPPORTS the efforts and recommendations of the ICRC, the UN Human Rights Council and other relevant international bodies to ensure that prisoners are treated with respect and dignity, while encouraging Member States to implement, with international financial assistance, the recommendations regarding prisoner safety made during their universal periodic reviews;

52. FAVORS the continued collaboration between UN-WOMEN and UNDP to support the implementation of educational initiatives that work to combat gender stereotypes by promoting positive masculinities and promote tolerance;

53. URGES financial support for developing countries from the Gender Thematic Trust Fund in order to promote the development, implementation, and enforcement of na-tional and regional legislation regarding mitigating all forms of gender-based vio-lence (GBV) including, inter alia, mutilation, domestic violence, and rape as a weapon of war;

54. CALLS UPON Member States to engage in culturally sensitive initiatives to combat gender based and domestic violence against youth and women, particularly from underserved populations, by empowering vulnerable populations through effective communication and governance like seen in Indian-based Project Smile, which trains youth in how to address harmful cultural practices;

55. FURTHER URGES assistance and empowerment for survivors of GBV and sexual violence through the expansion of the mandate of the Desert Flower Foundation and the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women in order to achieve women’s equality and empowerment in line with MDG 3;

56. DESIRES access to justice for survivors of human rights violations and vulnerable and marginalized populations through national strategic plans for justice and em-

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powerment of vulnerable populations, with support from the United Nations Devel-opment Program’s (UNDP) Access to Justice and Rule of Law Programme;

57. ENCOURAGES increased coordination and participation in the UN Rights Up Front Initiative by Member States, UN bodies and agencies, and local actors on the ground to promote viable dialogue on preventative means to avert any possible human rights violations, especially by ensuring accountability of all actors;

58. REQUESTS all willing and able Member States to increase contributions to the UN-HCR and regional development banks, such as the African Development Bank and Asian Development Bank in order to enhance burden sharing arrangements for na-tional governments, particularly developing countries with short term and protracted refugees, internally displaced people, and stateless crises;

59. CALLS FOR an enhanced partnership between the UNHCR and UN-Habitat to ex-pand beyond urban areas and focus on development rural communities aimed at bet-ter incorporating vulnerable populations, specifically refugees, into the economy by fulfilling their basic needs, especially housing, and ensuring the protection and pro-motion of human rights on all levels.

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Topic: The Scope and Application of Universal Jurisdiction


Submitted by: Sixth Committee

GUIDED BY the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, especially Article 2.1 which establishes the sovereign equality of States and Article 2.4 which establishes that Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, including through foreign occupation, and particularly in any application of universal jurisdiction;

RECALLING Article 13 of the Charter of the United Nations as it suggest the UN shall give guidance for international law;

RECOGNISING the establishment of universal jurisdiction in Article 105 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, that piracy is the original crime punishable under universal jurisdiction recognized by the international community;

FURTHER GUIDED BY the Charter of the United Nations, specifically Article 2.7 which states that the United Nations shall not interfere in what are inherently the domestic affairs of any States, including through the application of universal jurisdiction;

NOTING the Working Group of the Sixth Committee on Universal Jurisdiction, and its important role in collecting information pertaining to the scope and application of universal jurisdiction;

FULLY AWARE the 2005 World Summit Outcome, which established the responsibility of the international community to protect in States where domestic institutions and the government is unable or unwilling to protect their populations, including from deliberate starvation or ethnic cleansing, which is complementary to and should not be confused with universal jurisdiction;

RECALLING the 64th Session of the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly where opposing definitions pertaining to the scope and application of universal jurisdiction arose;

CONFIDENT that the principle of universal jurisdiction is an important tool to ensure human rights, prevent impunity, and provide justice to victims and their families of the world’s most heinous crimes;

REITERATING the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and the Geneva Conventions, that the universality principle should only be applied to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole;

AFFIRMING the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

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EXPRESSING its appreciation for the UN Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and wider Appreciation of International Law which gives States a better understanding of international law to further promote peace and security;

FURTHER RECOGNIZING the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which established the limitations of the jurisdiction of the court and defined ways by which cases may not be admissible to the court;

REAFFIRMING Article 36.8, of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Rome Statute) which deals with the selection of International Criminal Court justices and gives consideration to equitable geographical representation;

CONSCIOUS that Member States are of different cultural and religious practices and that the human rights outlined in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights must not be infringed upon in the application of universal jurisdiction;

FULLY AWARE of the Statute of the International Court of Justice as annexed to the Charter of the United Nations, which establishes the parameters of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) as a mediation body regarding disputes between States;

1. STRONGLY AFFIRMS the need for States to respect State sovereignty regarding issues pertaining to universal jurisdiction, along with the concepts or definitions established by this resolution, as the infringement on state sovereignty poses a threat to international peace and security;

2. SUGGESTS that all willing and able Member States enact national legislation that in-corporates the definitions of crimes in Articles 3 through 8 of the Rome Statute of the In-ternational Criminal Court, the Geneva Convention, Genocide Convention, and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and includes them in their national scope of universal jurisdiction;

3. CONDEMNS piracy on the high seas in all its forms and manifestations, and recognizes that piracy will continue to be a crime that is subject to universal jurisdiction;

4. ENCOURAGES regional organizations to, where possible, strengthen or create human rights courts and, where applicable, expand their jurisdiction to criminal activities and, when possible and agreed upon by the involved parties, prosecute crimes that affected multiple Member States;

5. REQUESTS that crimes listed within the crimes discussed under universal jurisdiction go through first national courts, then by discretion of individual Member States hybrid tribunals or regional courts as they are called upon by such Member States, and then the ICC, for States Party to the ICC, before applying universal jurisdiction to create a format for the application of universal jurisdiction;

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6. CALLS FOR the establishment of a permanent programme to support and lower the costs of hybrid tribunals within the United Nations Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals and to draft a framework and program of action for quickly establishing tribunal courts when mass atrocity crimes occur;

7. URGES States to establish domestic policies regarding judicial neutrality, with assis-tance from and in coordination with the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, in order to prevent abuse of universal jurisdiction and the use of universal jurisdiction for politi-cal gains;

8. URGES all Member States to enable their courts with the proper technical, human, and logistical capacity, including through partnership with the Programme of Assistance of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, to try perpetrators of egregious crimes pri-marily in their national courts under their national laws to limit the need for application of universal jurisdiction;

9. ASKS relevant non-governmental organizations, including Project Kosovo, existing rule of law missions, and the Judicial Integrity Group on Strengthening Judicial Capacity to expand their programmes of work, especially those that assist in strengthening judicial capacity to more developing countries in order to combat impunity and ensure justice;

10. FURTHER RECOMMENDS that the UN Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and wider Appreciation of International Law Advisory Board extend its mandate past the date of 31 December 2015;

11. URGES the International Criminal Court to uphold Articles 13 and 17 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal and to act only in a complementary fashion to national jurisdiction and to never indict or attempt to prosecute any individual for which a State has begin judicial proceedings;

12. FURTHER CALLS FOR the Prosecutor General of the International Criminal Court, in partnership with States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, to strengthen the mechanism by which States can challenge indictments and question the admissibility of cases to the International Criminal Court, and, where possible, provide technical assistance to that end;

13. FURTHER CALLS UPON the International Criminal Court to recognizes amnesty and immunity granted by alternatives to prosecutions, particularly truth commissions, and to never indict or attempt to prosecute any suspected criminals granted immunity by such a commission;

14. SUGGESTS that the ICC work diligently to uphold equitable representation of all regions, as espoused in Article 36.8 of the Rome Statute, as a means to gain more universality and increased representation within the ICC;

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15. REQUESTS the ICC, when exercising efforts that include crimes falling under the definition of universal jurisdiction to recognize that no court should supersede the proceedings of another court;

16. FURTHER SUGGESTS that the International Law Commission submit a report on double jeopardy as it related to the application of universal jurisdiction to the next session of the General Assembly;

17. FURTHER ENCOURAGES States to increase cooperation with Interpol, the premiere international organization for supporting criminal justice, and to where possible, to establish bilateral or regional mutual legal assistance treaties that will assist states in upholding their responsibilities under the principles of aut dedere aut judicare and in investigating crimes by easing the extradition of criminals to States that have jurisdiction based on territoriality or nationality and allowing for the sharing of resources;

18. URGES States to extradite alleged criminals to countries with territorial, national or pro-tective jurisdiction first, if applicable, before the utilization of universal jurisdiction, in order to combat impunity;

19. FURTHER ASKS the International Law Commission to create narrow and specific draft definitions or re-evaluate existing definitions for crimes of international significance that currently lack a broadly accepted international definition which will assist in determin-ing whether or not they should be included within the scope of universal jurisdiction;

20. RECOMMENDS to Member States and the international community that they ensure justice is swiftly brought to individuals who continually threaten state stability.

21. FURTHER EMPHASIZES the rights of defendants, especially the rights enshrined in the International Bill of Human Rights, including the right to effective representation and due process when being tried under the principles of universal jurisdiction;

22. INVITED Member States and regional bodies to adhere to the sentiments within this res-olution to make certain that universal jurisdiction has the ability to be enforced;

23. ENCOURAGES all willing and able Member States to contribute their observations and national legislation regarding the scope and application to the Working Group of the Sixth Committee on Universal Jurisdiction;

24. INVITES all willing Member States to utilize the observations and national legislation collected by the Working Group of the Sixth Committee on Universal Jurisdiction, as a potential set of best practices regarding the creation of national legislation pertaining to universal jurisdiction;

25. ENCOURAGES all willing Member States to reach a settlement of a dispute created by the application of universal jurisdiction through the use of ICJ contentious cases with the

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optional involvement of Interpol in the areas of case and evidence examination, pending the approval of all states involved in the dispute;

26. ENDORSES a definition of universal jurisdiction that includes criminal responsibility of any person or group accused of committing recognized crimes against international law:

a. Genocide as defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,

b. War Crimes as defined by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907,

c. Crimes Against Humanity as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,

d. Piracy as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,

e. Drug Trafficking as defined by the United Nations Convention Against the Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

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Topic: The Scope and Application of Universal Jurisdiction


Submitted by: Sixth Committee

DECIDES that the definition of universal jurisdiction as decided by the sixth committee to be:

The authority of any state of judicial institution to prosecute, indict, or issue an arrest warrant for alleged criminals specifically pertaining to war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, piracy, and drug trafficking when territorial national or protectional jurisdiction are not applicable and all other methods of prosecution have been exhausted. – This has been divided out and passed.

MMUN 55

SIXTH COMMITTEE

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