topic title: the system unit learning objectives

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The System Unit *Property of STI [email protected] of 12

TOPIC TITLE: THE SYSTEM UNIT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the topic session, the students should be able to:

LO1: Differentiate types of system unit; LO2: Compare different processors; and LO3: Distinguish RAM from ROM.

MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT:

o Computer o LCD projector o File/s (02 The System Unit)

02 LCD Slides 1.ppsx

02 Handout 1.pdf

02 Laboratory Exercise 1.pdf

02 Activity 1.exe o Software requirements

MS PowerPoint o White board marker and eraser

TOPIC PREPARATION:

o The instructor is encouraged to research for materials that will help supplement the topics in this session.

o Prepare the topic slides and handout for the topic. o Encourage the students to take notes and inform them that the

handout for this topic can be downloaded from eLMS. o The instructor may use the suggested learning activities below to

facilitate a thorough and creative discussion of the topic to create a student-centered class. However, it is imperative that you prepare additional examples or ideas as supplementary materials on the topic to be presented.

o Motivate the students to participate in all class activities and let them feel they are important. Religiously follow all activities as these were geared towards the achievement of the course learning outcomes.

o Anticipate possible questions that students might raise during discussion.

o The instructor is required to answer the seatwork and laboratory exercises.

o Bring some computer system components (such as DIMM, system board, graphics card, etc.) for the topic.

mailto:[email protected]

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW:

A. Introduction 20 min B. Instructional Input

System Unit 40min Define what system unit is and its purpose Discuss the different system unit in the four (4) types of personal computer System Board 40 min Explain what a system board is and its electronic components Microprocessor 40 min Define what CPU and the microprocessor are Explain the components of the microprocessor Explain the processing capacities of a microprocessor Explain the processing speed of a microprocessor Define what are specialty processors and explain each specialized processing chips. Demonstrate how to determine the processor name, processing capacity, and the clock speed of a computer with Windows operating system Memory 40 min Define what computer memory is Explain what RAM and ROM are

C. Generalization 20 min D. Application 100 min

Total duration 300 min

TOPIC PRESENTATION:

A. Introduction

1. Have a brief review of the previous topic. Use the Java archive file named 02 Activity 1. Ask ten (10) students to perform the activity.

2. Afterwards, present the topic coverage to the class using Slide 1 of 02 LCD Slides 1.

System Unit

System Board

Microprocessor

Memory

B. Instructional Input

System Unit

1. To start the discussion, tell the students the following statements:

Slide 1

4/13/2018 1IT1707*Property of STI

The System Unit

System Unit

Microprocessor

Memory

System Board


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Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power of microcomputers. Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications.

Competent end users need to understand the functionality of the basic components in the system unit, including the system board, microprocessor, memory, expansion slots and cards, bus lines, ports, cables, and power supply units.

2. Afterwards, ask at least three (3) students about their ideas on what system unit is. Encourage the students to participate in the discussion.

Note: Acknowledge and assess the answers coming from the class.

3. Show Slide 2, define what system unit is and its purpose.

A system unit is the main hardware component of the computer system. It is the enclosure for all the essential electronic components that make up a computer system.

System units can be in a separated case, but can also be inside a portable computer that share containers with other parts of the computer system.

Steps 4-5 Assessment: Recitation Learning Objective: LO1

4. Ask at least three (3) students to enumerate their known components of a system unit. Afterwards ask another at least three (3) students what are the computers that has a system unit.


5. Discuss the different system unit in the four (4) types of personal computer. Use Slides 3-7.

Personal computer is the most widely used type of computer. It is the most affordable and designed to be operated directly by an end user. There are different types of personal computers with unique type of system unit each: desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

Desktops – Most desktops have their system unit in a separate case. This case contains the system’s electronic components and selected secondary storage devices.

Slide 2


System Unit

It is the main body of the computer, containing the essential components it needs to function.

http://i.dell.com

Slide 3


System Unit

It is the main body of the computer, containing the essential components it needs to function.

http://i.dell.com


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Input and output devices, such as mouse, keyboard, and monitor are located outside the system unit.

There are desktop system units that have their monitor and system unit housed together in the same case.

Laptops – These are portable computers. Their system units are housed with selected secondary storage devices and input devices. Located outside the system unit, the monitor is attached by hinges.

Tablets – These are also known as tablet computers and the newest and one (1) of the most popular types of computer. They are effectively a thin slab that is almost all monitor with the system unit located behind the monitor.

Smartphones – These are the most popular mobile device. Designed to comfortably fit into the palm of one (1) hand, smartphones are also called as handheld computer. Their system unit is located behind the display screen.

There are other mobile computers including wearable computers. These devices contain an embedded computer on a chip that is typically smaller and less powerful than a smartphone’s.

Personal computers come in a variety of different sizes, shapes, and capabilities. While they look different and each has its own unique features, they share similar components, including system boards, microprocessors, and memory.

System Board Step 1 Assessment: Recitation Learning Objective: LO2

1. Ask at least three (3) students to define what a system board is and explain its purpose. Encourage the students to participate.


2. Show Slide 8. Explain what a system board is and its electronic components. Provide additional examples.

The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board controls communications for the entire computer system. All devices and components connect to the system board,

Slide 4


Laptop System Unit

https://content.hwigroup.net/images/products_xl/188538/10/msi-gt70-2od-087nl.jpg

Slide 5


Tablet System Unit

http://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/ad1ff3e3c13189b4ff8bafb364ae1652.png

Slide 6


Smartphones System Unit

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https://www.maxicep.com/resim/Pebble-Time-teardown3.jpg

Slide 7


Components of a System Unit

https://vido.com.ua/upload/articles/665/54c646c86a9e7_fujitsu_mainboard_d3348-b.jpg

http://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Microprocessor1.jpg

http://www.matlabtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ram.jpg

Slide 8


System Board

Socket

SlotsBus lines

https://vido.com.ua/upload/articles/665/54c646c86a9e7_fujitsu_mainboard_d3348-b.jpg


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including external devices like keyboards and monitors and internal components like hard-disk drives and microprocessors.

The system board acts as a data path and traffic monitor, allowing the various components to communicate efficiently with one (1) another.

System board is a flat circuit board covered with a variety of different electronic components including sockets, slots, and bus lines.

Sockets – Provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called chip.

Chips consists of tiny circuit boards. A chip is also called a silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit (IC). Chips typically are mounted onto chip carriers. These carriers plug either directly into sockets on the system board or onto cards that are then plugged into slots on the system board.

Graphics card is an example of chip carriers.

Sockets are used to connect the system board to a variety of different types of chips, including microprocessor and memory chips.

Slots – These provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards. These cards provide expansion capability for a computer system.

For example, a wireless networking card plugs into a slot on the system board to provide a connection to a local area network.

Bus Lines – These are electrically conductive pathways of the system board. These carry the data from place to place. These provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components that are either located on the system board or attached to the system board.


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Figure 1: Components of a motherboard

Reference: https://vido.com.ua/upload/articles/665/54c646c86a9e7_

fujitsu_mainboard_d3348-b.jpg

3. Afterwards, tell the students the following statement:

Generally, the system board found on a desktop is larger than that found on a laptop, and much larger than one (1) found on a tablet, smartphone, or wearable computer. Although these system boards vary in size, they nevertheless all perform the same function of communicating between the components of the personal computer.

Microprocessor Steps 1-5 Assessment: Recitation Learning Objective: LO1

1. Show Slide 9, ask at least three (3) students to define what central processing unit (CPU) is and its purpose. Afterwards define what CPU and the microprocessor are. Explain the components of the microprocessor. Prepare additional examples.


Every computer has at least one (1) processor, this is the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU contains millions of tiny transistors and pathways (bus lines) that take in data and instructions, process (calculate) the data according to the instructions, and output the results of the calculations.

The CPU is contained on a single chip called the microprocessor. The microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains all the

Slide 9


Microprocessor

http://cfile23.uf.tistory.com/image/1577523D4FF3DC2910217B

What is a microprocessor?

Three (3) sections:

• Control unit

• Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)

• Registers


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functions of a central processing unit of a computer system. It is called the “brain” of the computer system.

It has three (3) major sections: the control unit, arithmetic-logic unit, and the registers.

Control unit – The control unit manages the flow of data through the CPU. It directs data to and from the other components within the CPU.

It tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a program’s instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory, which temporarily holds data, instructions, and processed information, and the arithmetic-logic unit. It also directs these control signals between the CPU and input and output devices.

Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) – This component does the actual processing. It receives data and instructions and delivers a result. It performs two (2) types of operations: arithmetic and logical.

Arithmetic operations are the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operations consist of comparisons such as whether one (1) item is equal to (=), less than (<), or greater than (>) the other.

For example, if the ALU received the numbers 3 and 5, and the instruction Sum, it would return 8.

Registers – These are holding areas for both data and instructions. There are many different registers, each with its own special purpose.

For example, there are registers that hold data, registers that hold instructions, registers that store logical states, temporary values that serve as increment counters, and so on.

2. Use Slide 10 and explain the processing capacities of a microprocessor. Provide additional examples.

Chip processing capacities are often expressed in word sizes. A word is the number of bits (such as 32 or 64) that can be accessed at one (1) time by the CPU. The more bits in a word, the more data a computer can process at one (1) time.

A 32-bit word CPU can access 4 bytes at a time. A 64-bit word CPU can access 8 bytes at a time. Therefore, the CPU designed to

Slide 10


Chip Processing Capacities

0110011010100110010111

000110132-bit word size

0110011010100110010111

000110164-bit word size

Up to 2x the potential data

32-bit CPU

64-bit CPU


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process 64-bit words has greater processing capacity. Other factors affect a computer’s processing capability including how fast it can process data and instructions.

Most desktop and laptop computers have 64-bit CPUs, but some tablets, smartphones, and wearable computers have 32-bit CPUs.

Windows operating system comes in both 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) versions. When selecting a copy of Windows for a device, keep in mind that 32-bit CPUs can only run the 32-bit version of Windows. 64-bit CPUs can run either 64-bit or 32-bit versions of Windows, but run better with the 64-bit.

3. Show Slide 11 and explain the processing speed of a microprocessor. Provide additional examples.

The processing speed of a microprocessor is typically represented by its clock speed, which is related to the number of times the CPU can process data or instructions in a second.

Personal computers can process data and instructions in billionths of a second, or nanoseconds.

Supercomputers can operate at speeds measured in picoseconds or 1,000 times as fast as personal computers.

Logically, the higher a microprocessor’s clock speed, the faster the microprocessor.

Some processors now can handle multiple instructions per cycle or tick of the clock. This means that clock speed comparisons can only be made between processors that work the same way.

A personal computer with limited microprocessors that could only support a single CPU is limited to processing one (1) program at a time. However, there are many personal computers have multicore processors that can provide two (2) or more separate and independent CPUs.

For example, a quad-core processor could have one (1) core computing a complex Excel spreadsheet, second core creating a report using Word, a third core locating a record using Access, and a fourth core running a multimedia presentation all at the same time.

For multicore processors to be used effectively, computers must understand how to divide tasks into parts that can be distributed across each core, this operation is called parallel processing. Operating system such as Windows 8 and Mac OS X support parallel processing.

Slide 11


Processing Speed

What is clock speed?

Multicore Processors

oProvide two or more separate and independent CPUs

oParallel Processing


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Parallel processing requires programs that allow multiple processors to work together to run a complex program.

4. Use Slide 12, define what are specialty processors and explain each specialized processing chips. Provide additional examples.

Specialty Processors In addition to microprocessor chips, a variety of more specialized processing chips have been developed.

Coprocessors are special chips designed to improve specific computing operations. One (1) of the most widely used is the graphics coprocessors, also called as graphics processing unit (GPU). These processors are designed to handle a variety of specialized tasks such as displaying 3D images and encrypting data. Powerful GPUs are a standard feature in gaming computers to support fast processing of virtual environments. Sound card is another example of coprocessor.

5. Using Slide 13, demonstrate to the students how to determine the processor name, processing capacity, and the clock speed of a computer with Windows operating system. Ask the students to identify the processor name, processing capacity, and the clock speed of the computer shown in the slide. Provide additional examples by determining the system information of your computer.

Run the command msinfo32 to open the “System Information” window. This window is used to view the information about the computer, its hardware, drivers, and software related data.


In the example shown in the slide, the computer has “Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-7100U CPU @ 2.40GHz, 2400 Mhz”. Intel is the brand and company of the processor, Core i3-7100U is the model of the processor and, 2.40GHz is the speed of the processor.

Memory Steps 1-2 Assessment: Recitation Learning Objective: LO3

1. Ask at least three (3) students to define what computer memory is. Afterwards, tell the students the following statement:


Like the memory in the human brain, computer memory stores data. Also like human memory, there is both short-term

Slide 12


Specialty Processors

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57c2eaf63df78cc16e43f968.jpg

https://d1b4j0je2zat9y.cloudfront.net/14319/product_visual1/700x488/16006183

Slide 13


Determine the processor in Windows Operating System


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(temporary) and long-term (permanent) memory storage. Some memory is dynamic, in that it stores data only until the computer is turned off. Dynamic memory (also called volatile memory) must be constantly refreshed. Static memory (also called non-volatile memory) retains whatever you put in it indefinitely.

2. Explain what RAM and ROM are. Provide additional examples. Use Slides 14-17.

Memory is a holding area for data, instructions, and information. Like microprocessors, memory is contained on chips connected to the system board. There are three (3) types of memory chips: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and flash memory.

Random-access Memory (RAM) – these are chips that holds the program (sequence of instructions) and data that the CPU is presently processing. RAM is a dynamic memory because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the computer is turned off. It is also lost if there is a power failure or other disruption of the electric current going to the computer.

Secondary storage does not lose its contents. It is static or non-volatile storage, such as the data stored on a hard disk.

Cache memory (pronounced as “cash”) improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory and the CPU. The computer detects which information in RAM is most frequently used and then copies that information into the cache. When needed the CPU can quickly access the information from the cache.

Having enough RAM is important. For example, to use the standard version of Microsoft Office 2016, you need 2 GB of RAM. Some applications such as photo editing software, may require even more. Fortunately, additional RAM can be added to the computer system by inserting an expansion module called a DIMM (dual in-line memory module) into the system board. The capacity or amount of RAM is expressed in bytes.

Even if a computer does not have enough RAM to hold a program, it might be able to run the program using virtual memory. Most of operating systems support virtual memory. With virtual memory, large programs are divided into parts and the parts are stored on a secondary device, usually a hard disk. Each part is then

Slide 14


Memory

What is a computer memory?

Three (3) Types of Memory chips:

• Random-access Memory (RAM)

• Read-only Memory (ROM)

• Flash Memory

Slide 15


Random-access Memory

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/500697432997232641

ChipsCircuit board

Module


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read into RAM only when needed. In this way, computer systems are able to run very large programs.

Read-only Memory (ROM) – these chips have information stored in them by the manufacturer. Unlike RAM chips, ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user. “Read only” means that the CPU can read or retrieve data and programs written on the ROM chip. However, the computer cannot write or change the information or instructions in ROM.

Rom chips are typically used to contain almost all the instructions for basic computer operations. For example, ROM instructions are needed to start a computer, to access memory, and to handle keyboard input.

Flash memory – offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM. Like RAM, it can be updated to store new information. Like ROM, it does not lose that information when power to the computer system is turned off.

Flash memory is used for a wide range of applications. For example, it is used to store the start-up instructions for a computer. This information is called the system’s BIOS (basic input/output system). This information would include the specifics concerning the amount of RAM and the type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected to the system unit. If changes are made to the computer system, these changes are reflected in flash memory.

C. Generalization Step 1 Assessment: Recitation Learning Objectives: LO1, LO2, and LO3

1. To assess the students understanding about the topic, ask the students to answer the following:

Differentiate the types of system unit.

Describe system boards, including sockets, slots, and bus lines.

Compare different processors, including microprocessor chips and specialty processors.

Compare different types of computer memory, including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.

Slide 16


Read-only Memory

https://www.westfloridacomponents.com/mm5/graphics/M02/82S181-BJA.jpg

http://retroelectronik.com/133/eprom-27c512-or-27512-flash-programmation-included.jpg

Slide 17


Flash Memory

http://images.wisegeek.com/flash-memory-chips.jpg


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2. Ask the students if there are any clarifications about the discussion.

D. Application

1. Distribute to the students the printed copies of 02 Laboratory Exercise 1.

2. Ask the students to individually perform the hands-on activities instructed in 02 Laboratory Exercise 1. Give them ample time to finish. Move around the class to check their activities. Tell them that they can consult you with their concerns regarding the activities.

3. Check the output of the students.

Note: The activity of the students will be graded based on the given rubric in 02 Laboratory Exercise 1.

REFERENCES O’Leary, T., O’Leary L., and O’Leary D. (2017). Computing essentials

2017. USA: McGraw-Hill Education.

Wempen, F. (2014). Computing Fundamentals Digital Literacy Edition.

United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


topic title: the system unit learning objectives

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