topic 6 & 11: human physiology 6.4 gas exchange. draw, label, and annotate the ventilation...
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Topic 6 & 11: Human
Physiology6.4 Gas exchange
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Draw, label, and annotate the ventilation system + alveoli diagram
Teachpe.com
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1 - VentilationRead & Consider 6.4.1, 6.4.4 - 6.4.6
• What do you know?• What questions do you have?
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Ventilation System
In larger organisms not every cell has access to oxygen sources so a ventilation system is needed to maintain a concentration gradient in alveoli.
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RESPIRATION
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Muscles VentilationInspiration –
• The diaphragm contracts and flattens downwards
• External intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribs up and out this increases the volume of the thorax
• Increased volume decreases the pressure of alveoli and air flow in to equalize pressure
• Forced inspiration: accessory neck muscles contract to increase volume
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Expiration -
Passive
• Diaphragm relaxes and curves upward.
• External intercostal muscles relax, allowing ribs to fall and decreasing the volume of the thorax
• This increases the pressure in the alveoli pushing air out of the lungs.
• During forced expiration (exercise) internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles contract for force exhalation.
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PRESSURE ANIMATION -
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2 - ExchangeRead & Consider 6.4.2 – 6.4.3
• What do you know?• What questions do you have?
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Gas Exchange -Diffusion of gases; process of swapping one gas for
another. O2 & CO2
1. Alveoli – O2 diffuses into the blood from the alveoli and CO2 diffuses from the blood to the alveoli
2. Tissues – O2 diffuses from blood into the cells and CO2 diffuses from cells to the blood.
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Pneumocytes
Type I
• Extremely attenuated (25nm)
• Cover 97% of alveolar surface
• Organelles gathered near the nucleus
• Vesicles to clear contaminates
Type II• Cuboidal in shape
• 60% of total cells, but <5% of surface area
• Production and secretion of surfactant
• Act as alveolar stem cells
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Increasing Diffusion
Exchange occurs over the body surface or respiratory surface. Diffusion requirements:
• Large SA:V in-foldings (lungs or gills)
• Permeable
• Thin efficient up to 1mm thickness
• Moist O2 and CO2 diffuse in solution
• Transport system maintain a concentration gradient art..com
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Alveoli
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Disease
Emphysema Lung Cancer
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Practical
How does vigorous exercise affect ventilation rate and tidal volume in humans?
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Works Cited
• "Advanced Practice Providers." SIU School of Medicine. SIU School of Medicine, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2014.
• Bishop, Adrian. "Lung Cancer Tumours in Smokers Have 10-times More Genetic Mutations." Earth Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2014.
• "Laboratory Manual for Exercise Physiology: Pulmonary Function Testing a Valuable Diagnostic Tool." Human-kinetics. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2014.
• "Stock Photo - Human Alveoli, Computer Artwork." Human Alveoli, Computer Artwork. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2014.
• Zyga, Lisa. "Scientists Discover First Multicellular Life That Doesn't Need Oxygen." Phys.Org. N.p., 7 Apr. 2010. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.