topic 5 lectures 2016

8/16/2019 Topic 5 Lectures 2016

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162


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p.166 top


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p.165


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162


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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa


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p.174


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162


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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Cubozoa

© 2010 Moorea Biocode

Biodidac


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p.175


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162

Videos on aVenue: various jellyfish swimming


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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Scyphozoa

Photos courtesy Dr. Kevin G.E. Scott


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p.173 top


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p.173 bottom


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162


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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa

167 t


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p.167 top

167 b tt


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p.167 bottom


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162


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Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa

Day

Night


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p.172 top


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p.172 bottom


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162


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p.178 top


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p.178 bottom


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p.179 top


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p.179 bottom left


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p.179 bottom right

Two advantages of helical pattern:

12

kink


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162


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Phylum

Bryozoa

Zooidal skeletons

Bryozoans

Th L h h t Ph l B

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/other/bryozoa.jpghttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/other/bryozoa.jpghttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/other/bryozoa.jpg


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zoology.unimelb.edu.auMick Keough

TheAlphaWolf

© WoRMS for SMEBD

The Lophophorates

Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda

Phylum Bryozoa

© Natural History Museum, London


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p.176 top

176 iddl Z id tid l id


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p.176 middle

cystid

Polypide

Zooid = cystid + polypide

176 b tt


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p.176 bottom

p.177 top


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p p

177 b tt


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p.177 bottom


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162

180

p.180 top


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p 180 middle


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p.180 middle

p 180 bottom


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p.180 bottom

p 182 top


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p.182 top

Longitudinal

Circular

p.182 bottom


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p.183N t t t th i k f b d


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Note constant th ickness of bod y

wal l when septa are com plete

Thickness of body wal l changeswh en septa are incomplete

162, 163


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,

(= ‘parapodial muscles” in animation)


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Phylum Annelida, Class Polychaeta

Sabellid

Clam worm

© Hans Hillewaert

Christmas tree worm richard ling

sabellid

Uwe kils Chaetopterus

162, 163


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(= ‘parapodial muscles” in animation)

p.186 left


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p.186 left

Little use of longitudinal muscles, mainly

use parapodial muscles

p.185 top


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p.185 top

Parapodial muscles…. swing parapodium forward or backward

p.185 bottom


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p

p.186 right


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p g

162, 163


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(= ‘parapodial muscles” in animation


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NephthysNereis

Hans Hillewaert

Nereis

Hans Hillewaert

p.187 bottom

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Biopicshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lycaonhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lycaonhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Biopics


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p

p.188 top


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p.187 top


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Retract parapodia

on inside of curve

Extend parapodia

on outside of curve

p.188 bottom


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162, 163


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See also page 168 (anchors)


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NephthysNereis

Hans Hillewaert

Nereis

Hans Hillewaert

Phylum Annelida, subClass Oligochaeta

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Biopicshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lycaonhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lycaonhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Biopics


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y , g

Earthworm (Lumbricus)

Michael Linnenbach

Tubificid wormsThunderclap

metamerism of the internal and external earthworm structures

(some texts define

as a class)

Web site: Oligochaete locomotion


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Web site: Oligochaete _locomotion

p.181 top left


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p.189 bottom


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p.189 top


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p.168 top


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p.168 bottom


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C t d d i d b Arenicola marina.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenicola_marinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenicola_marina


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4028mdk09

Cast and depression caused by

buried Arenicola marina.

Keith Williamson

p.181 bottom

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:4028mdk09http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenicola_marinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenicola_marinahttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:4028mdk09


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163


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p.169


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p.171


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163


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162


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p.170 left


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p.170 right


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163


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p.190 top


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Suction pulls this

region forward

p.187 bottom


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Contract ion at FRONT of wave

Relaxation BEHIND wave


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163

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Myriapoda


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Phylum Arthropoda, Class Myriapoda

(centipedes and millipedes)centipede

milliipede

centipede

Bruce Marlin

milliipede

Bubba73

p.191 top NOTE: length M-R > length M-P


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163

p.191 bottom


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163

p.192 top


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p.192 bottom NOTE: length M-R > length M-P


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162


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Useful video clips on Tom Daniel’s website:

http://faculty.washington.edu/danielt/movies.html

Manduca sexta hovering while feeding from an artificial flower

p.193 top


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p.201 top right


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Manduca sexta hovering while feeding from an

artificial flower

ALSO:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5

o

Dot =

Leading edge Line = Wing

tip path

Fritz-Olaf Lehmann* and Simon Pick, 2007, The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 1362-1377

p.194 bottom

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2z9F6pVhR5o


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OMIT

THIS

PAGE

162


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Useful video clips on Tom Daniel’s website:http://faculty.washington.edu/danielt/movies.html


Also YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj1BDaXqy5k

163 164

http://faculty.washington.edu/danielt/movies.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj1BDaXqy5khttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj1BDaXqy5khttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj1BDaXqy5khttp://faculty.washington.edu/danielt/movies.html


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163, 164

p.194 top

Re = inertial forces


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viscous forces

= LVP

n

L = length

V = velocity

P = density

n = viscosity

p.195


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p.196


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p.197


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p.199 right


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Stiffened leading edges

p.199 left


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p.198


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Later research has shown that the leading edge vortices actually spiral out

from the root of the wing to the tip…..

Thisresearch


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used an

artificial

wingcalled a

‘flapper’.

Nature 384, 626 - 630 (26 December 1996); doi:10.1038/384626a0

CHARLES P. ELLINGTON, COEN VAN DEN BERG*, ALEXANDER P. WILLMOTT* & ADRIAN L. R. THOMAS*


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So steady-state aerodynamics considers air flow like this (viewed from above)


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Wing

Non-steady-state aerodynamics considers air flow like this, with a leading

edge vortex that spirals out from the root of the wing to its tip…..


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Wing

topic 5 lectures 2016

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