topic 4.1 ecology ib dp – core 1 amit mishra - nes international school mumbai
TRANSCRIPT
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Topic 4.1 EcologyIB DP – CORE
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Essential idea:
•The continued survival of living organisms including humans depends on sustainable communities.
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Nature of science: :
•Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies—
(i.e. Discrepancy -- plants and algae are mostly autotrophic but some are not. )
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Assessment Statement
Define species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem and ecology
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Basic Concepts• Species : a group of organism that can interbreed & produce fertile offspring.(have a common gene pool).
• Habitat: the environment in which species normally lives (location).
• Population: a group of the organism of the same species ,living in the same area at the same time.
• Community: a group of populations living & interacting with each other in an area.
• Ecology: the study of relationships between living organisms & their environment.
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Environment
• Its everything which surrounds an organism.• It has 4 main components
• Hydrosphere (water)• Atmosphere (gases)• Lithosphere (rocks)• Biosphere (all living beings)
• The first 3 are abiotic components while the 4th is the Biotic component
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Assessment Statement
Distinguish between autotroph and heterotroph.
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Autotrophs & heterotrophs
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• Autotrophs are the species with the capacity to make their own food.• Eg.:cynobacteria, Algae,Grass, Trees.
• Hetrotrophs are the species which do not have the capacity to produce their own food.• Eg.:animals,fish,zooplanktons.• Three type of heterotrophs :
1. consumers 2. detritivore 3. saprotroph
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Assessment Statement
Distinguish between consumers, detritivores and saprotrophs
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Detrivores & saprotrophs• Detrivores are the organism that consumes dead organic
matter.• Eg.: earthworm, woodlice.
• Saprotrophs are the organisms that live on, or in, dead organic matter. (digesting the food by secreting enzymes)
• Eg. Bacteria, Fungus.
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15 minute Vocabulary Practice
• Study Individually – 3 minutes• Read the definition to your partner – your partner guesses definition – 3 minutes
• Switch with partner. – 3 minutes• Read vocabulary word to partner – Partner describes definition – 3 minutes
• Switch – 3 minutes
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Vocabulary Practice
• Autotroph: • Heterotroph:• Consumer: • Detritivore: • Saprotroph:
• Species.• Habitat.• Population.• Community• Ecosystem: • Ecology:
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Assessment Statement• State that saprotrophic bacteria and fungi (decomposers)
recycle nutrients.
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Assessment Statement
Explain that energy can enter and leave an ecosystem, but that nutrients must be recycled.
Energy enters as light and usually leaves as heat.
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Nutrient Cycles• All the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life are its nutrients.
• Every living organism needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out essential life functions.
• Nutrients are passed between organisms and the environment through biogeochemical cycles.
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•Nutrient Cycle
Nutrient Cycle vs. Food ChainNutrient Cycle vs. Food Chain
Food Chain
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The Carbon Nutrient Cycle
CO2 in Atmosphere
Photosynthesis
feeding
feeding
Respiration
Deposition
Carbonate Rocks
Deposition
Decomposition
Fossil fuel
Volcanic activity
Uplift
Erosion
Respiration
Human activity
CO2 in Ocean
Photosynthesis
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IB Assessment Statement Distinguish between organic and inorganic nutrients. (Compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms (except hydrogencarbonates, carbonates and oxides of carbon are regarded as organic.)
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Organic Nutrients/ Compounds• Organic Compounds are compounds containing carbon
found in living things• BUT there are exceptions are classified as NON-organic
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbon Monoxide(CO).
• Hydrogen Carbonates (HCO3- )
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Overview: Carbon—The Backbone of Biological Molecules• Although cells are 70–95% water, the rest consists mostly of carbon-based organic compounds
• Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex, and diverse molecules
• Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules that distinguish living matter are all composed of carbon compounds
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Inorganic Nutrients Species need to survive•Living organisms need a supply of chemicals elements from the environment.
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Essential Elements of Life
• About 25 of the 92 elements are essential to life• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 99% of
living matter• Most of the remaining 1% consists of calcium,
phosphorus, potassium, iron and sulfur
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Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs• Autotrophs obtain all the elements they need from
inorganic sources, include carbon and nitrogen
• Heterotrophs obtain carbon and nitrogen from their food (other living organisms). They do obtain other inorganic elements such as sodium, potassium and calcium from the abiotic (non-living world)
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Sustainability of Ecosystem• Something is Sustainable - if something that can continue
indefinitely
• There are three requirements for sustainability1. Nutrient availability
2. Detoxification of waste products
3. energy availability
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Mesocosms – Lab/ practical 5• Mesocosm are small experimental areas that are set up
as ecological experiments.• i.e. Small fenced off enclosures in grasslands and forests can be
used –VIDEO – EVOLUTION minnows in MEXICO illustrates mesocosms
• We will create a sustainable mesocosm for a lab.
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Community & Populations SKILL• A community is formed by populations of different species
living together and interacting.
• SKILL : Test for the association between species using Chi-Square Sampling with data obtained by quadrat sampling.
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Chi-Square Tutorial • https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/statistics-
inferential/chi-square/v/pearson-s-chi-square-test-goodness-of-fit
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