1. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEKOREAN WARChapter 4Prepared by:HAFIDZ HAKIMI BIN HARONLLB (Hons.) IIUMAdvocate and Solicitor ,High Court of Malaya

2. KEY QUESTIONS;What was the impact on Korea?What was the impact on Japan?What were the consequences for China?What were the consequences for the USA? 3. THE IMPACT OF THE WAR ON KOREA Devastating causalities; 10 Percent of the entire Koreanpopulation reported as killed, woundedor missing. 600,000 homes were destroyed The population in the North declinedfrom 9mil to 7 mil. Korea peninsula remained divided. The two Koreas from then haddeveloped differently; North Korea: remained as what it is in 1950, with primitive dictatorship regime and low standard of living. Its patrons ; China and Russia had already abandon communism, but North Korea still freeze in time. South Korea: remained authoritarian state for many years. The US agreed to offer South Korea protection, but insisted there will be no attacks on the North. Democracy slowly developed in South Korea. Could be argued as justified war, as it fulfilled hopes of the UN and Truman to install a democratic country in the South Korea. 4. THE IMPACT ON JAPAN Basically Korean war was beneficialto Japans economic anddemocratic development. Korean war brings establishment ofthe new Japans allies ; SouthKorea. Japan benefited from the USmilitary spending during the Koreanwar. As the key based of alloperations, Japanese defenseindustry earned USD 3 Billion fromthe sales by 1954. helpedJapanese economic recovery afterWWII The USA also signed a securitypact with Japan in 1951 and hadpersuaded the Japanese to beginat least a partial rearmament as adefense to the Soviet and Chinesepower. before this Japan hadabolished its military capabilitybecause of the WWII 5. THE IMPACT ON THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OFCHINA Human Cost 150,000 troops were killed and many wounded. as a result of US-led coalition bombings. It changed the Chinese Army perception that war cannot only won by numbers and political enthusiasm alone, but also must be parallel with technological advancement. Economic Cost Even though there was some aid from the soviet, it has burdened the poor country. Had slowed the regime drive to modernize China. The war had prevented them from totally wiped out the Nationalist hiding in Taiwan. Because of the war, China had been further excluded from the UNs membership. Success for China The Communist had stood up against outside world as Mao had promised in 1949. War had helped consolidating the regimes power and authority in China, as it has justified repression and removal of whoever challenge the regime. 6. THE IMPACT ON THE UNITED STATES Human and economic cost 33,651 Americans died in combat,and 103,284 wounded. It is very expensive in economicterms too. 14% of their GNP (grossnational income) in 1953. (which wasvery expansive for a police action) US army also suffers humiliatingmilitary setback in 1950, retreating300 miles in the face of under-armedChinese soldiers a disaster for theUS. Anti-Communist paranoia Brings McCarthyism- allegingexistence of communist plot in theUS. Senator McCarthy became a fearedpresence in American politics. thensupported by many senior Republicanparty figures during Trumans era. But Senator McCarthy soon fadedafter Eisenhower became a Presidentas he became an embarrassment tothe Republican party. 7. THE IMPACT ON THE UNITED STATES Eisenhower I will go to Korea Korea had undoubtedly helped Eisenhower to win the US presidential election. During his campaign, he had spell out that he would ended the Korean war, which the war itself had became unpopular during 1952. But, he never specifically pointed out how he would ended the war. Luckily, as Stalin died on 6 march, just weeks after Eisenhowers inauguration, the Korean war soon ended. Increase in defence spending It had transformed the US from economic superpower into a military one. The US had decided to carry out NSC 68 from the National Security council to increase military spending. before the Korean war, the President was reluctant to spend on military. It has helped to increase military capabilities in numbers and technologies and also boost the expansion of the CIA to conduct covert operations. Defence industry was booming back home in the US, which help to stimulate the economy and prosperity. even though it had forced the US to cut its welfare-related programmes. 8. THE IMPACT ON THE UNITED STATES American commitments in Asia American commitments multiplied Taiwan, Japan and South Korea were allnow guaranteed by treaty and US troopsstationed appropriately. UN credibility UN had gained credibility, as many of thecountries had joined the fight againstNorth Korea under its banner. Trumans administration had shown toresist aggression but did it under theInternational umbrella shows sense ofmorality. The US possibly can even bringing downthe Communist regime in China, but thisplan by McArthur had been rejected. Containment of Communism It has served as an instrument to containthe spread of communism. Helped began to flow to the French inIndo-China and the seeds were plantedfor what became the USAs involvementin Vietnam. 9. Thank you