topic 3-bureaucracy & public orgn

8/7/2019 Topic 3-Bureaucracy & Public Orgn.

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BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC

ORGANIZATION

TOPIC 3


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Definition of Bur ea ucr a cy1. All government offices- that constitute the permanent government of a

state - those public functions that continue irrespective of changes inpolitical leadership.

2.All Public Officials : all of the public officials of a government, both highand low, elected and appointed.

3. A General Invective- refer to any inefficient organization encumbered byred tape.

4. M ax Webers Structural Arrangements- refers to a specific set of structural arrangements.

( Source : JayM. Shafritz and E.W.Russell(2007). Introducing Public Administration, 5th Ed, Longman)


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Two vie ws of bur ea ucr a cy

y Two conflicting views of the human / attitudinal, outcomes of bureaucracy.

1. Negative view: the bureaucratic form of organization leads todissatisfaction, and de-motivates employees.

2. Positive view: it provides needed guidance and clarifies

responsibilities, thereby easing role stress and helping individuals be and feel more effective.


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Type s of Bur ea ucr a cy

Two Types of Bureaucracy:

1. Enabling such as different types of

formalization , formalization designed to enableemployees to master their tasks.

2. Coercive - formalization designed to coerce

effort and compliance from employees.

The attitudinal outcomes are likely verydifferent.


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4 Theo rie s of Publ ic Org anization

1. Functional Structure Theory- also known as traditional organizational theory.- belief that every human - to fit themselves

with organization needs and who does not suitshould be fired.

2. Psychological-Social Theory

- belief that human is social creature, can workwell if they are provided with comfortable andperfect working environment.


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Theo rie s of Publ ic Org anization3 . Max Webers theory of Bureaucracy.

- also known as Legal-RationalModel.

- authority structure operated under a rule andprocedures.

- defines organization as a social mechanismthat maximizes efficiency and effectiveness inadministration.


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Theo rie s of Publ ic Org anization

4 . Neutral Bureaucracy

- neutral in term of politics.

- only perform their tasks in order to implementpolicy without involving in politics.

- in Malaysia, there are rule in Perintah Am(Public Instruction) that forbids governmentofficers from participating in politics. Theyhave to resign if want to join politic.


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ELEMEN TS IN MAX WEBERS BU REAUCRATICMOD EL (LEGAL-RATIONAL MOD EL)

1. Specialized roles2. Recruitment based on

merit3. Uniform principles of

placement, promotion andtransfer

4. Careerism with systematicsalary structure

5. H ierarchy, responsibilityand accountability

6. Subjection of officialconduct to strict rules of discipline and control

7. Supremacy of abstractrules

8. Impersonal authority9. Political neutrality


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The Con ce p t of Bur ea ucr a cy byMax We b e r

y It is a set of rules and administrative structures which closelycontrol the action of the employees of the organization.

y Assumes that the bureaucrats(or employees) share a common belief in the importance of obedience to the organizationsrequirements.

y Basically, bureaucracy emphasizing on procedural work whichis slow and time consuming.


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Advanta g e s of Bur ea ucr ati c Mo d e l

1. Based on qualification

2. Specialization of job scope

3. H ierarchy of power

4. Rules and discipline


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Di s a d vanta g e s of Bur ea ucr ati c Mo d e l

1. Over simplified2. Dehumanize bureaucracy- rigid and inflexible

3. No sense of belongingness4. Cannot withstand contingency- internal and external

pressures5. Routine- due to specialization of labor


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Criti c ism to wa rd s Max We b e rs t h eo ry1. Lack of new ideas - lost of ability to generate new ideas since lower

officer have to accepts the instruction from upper officer without anopportunity to give their own opinion or ideas.

2. Less sense of belonging - there is no sense of belonging since lowerofficer just follow instruction given, they are not dedicated in theirduties.

3. Not responding to any changes - bureaucracy does not reflect tochanges, i.e. speed of changes or adjustment with the changes


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Criti c ism to wa rd s Max We b e rs t h eo ry4. An extreme specialization will cause delay in work because there is

only one staff in one particular unit.

5. Bureaucracy duties are not challenging. It is routine and create

boredom among the officers, and will effect the quality of work.

6. Promotion system is not based on efficiency but on seniority.

7. Exploitation of position - there is exploitation of position, can create

corruption and difficult to control it.

topic 3-bureaucracy & public orgn

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