topic 3-2 slides - mr. tuori's ap & honors chemistry€¦ · 3 single replacement double...

1

Chemical reactions Evidence a chemical RXN has occurred:

•Color change

•Solid forms (precipitate)

•Gas is produced

•Heat generated

Chemical RXN:•Rearrangement of atoms

•Atoms neither created nor destroyed

State subscripts• (aq) - dissolved in water

• (s) -solid, precipitate

• (g) -gas

• (l) -liquid

Classification of Chemical

Reactions

!

H2O2 (l )MnO2" # " " H 2O(l ) +O2 (g)

Catalyst = substance that speeds up areaction but is not consumed

A + BA B

1. Decomposition Reaction- one reactants yield two or more products

General Types of Chemical Reactions

2. Synthesis Reaction- two or more reactants yield one product

A + B A B

!

S8(s ) +O2(g) "SO 2(g)

2

A + B C BC A +

•one element replaces another element in a compound

•products are different element and different compound

3. Single Replacement Reaction-

a) Halogen replaces the ion of another halogen:

!

Cl2(g) + NaI(aq) " I 2(s) +NaCl (aq)

!


!


!


c) active metal replaces H in acid:

!

Zn(s) +HCl(aq) " ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g)

d) very active metal replaces H in water:

!

Na(s) + HOH (l) " NaOH(aq) +H 2(g)

element elementcompound compound

!


!


!


!


b) metal replaces another metal in a solution:

!

Zn(s) +CuSO 4(aq) " ZnSO 4(aq) + Cu(S )

!


!


4. Double Replacement Reaction-

+ B+ C-

C-A+

A+ D-

+B+ D-

•Two cations of different compounds swap places

•Products are two different compounds

!

Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) " NaNO 3(aq) + ZnCO3(s )

!

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) " AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Aqueouscompound

Aqueouscompound

Aqueouscompound

precipitate

a. Precipitation reaction- a precipitate forms

Neutralization reaction- acid + base yield saltand water

!

HCl(aq) + NaOH (aq) " HOH(l ) + NaCl(aq)

!


!


!


!


Aqueousacid

Aqueousbase

Aqueoussalt

water

!


!


decomposition synthesis

3

Single replacementDouble replacement

5. Combustion-•A reaction in which a C-containing compound is

reacted with molecular oxygen

•releases enough E to sustain a flame

a. Complete: more than enough O2 present

b. Incomplete: not enough O2 present

!

CH4

+ O2"CO

2+ 2H

2O

!

CH4

+ O2"CO + H

2O

!

CH4

+ O2"CO

2+ H

2O

!

CH4

+ O2"CO + H

2O

Always add O2as a reactant

Insert two rxns here:One with methanol combusted inexcess O2Other with C2H2 in limiting O2

Sample problem

1. CaSO4 + 2 AgNO3→ Ca(NO3)2 + 2AgSO4

2. CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

3. 4 V (s) + 5 O2 (g) → 2 V2O5 (s)

4. Cl2 (g) + 2 NaBr (s) → 2 NaCl (s) + Br2 (g)

5. Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + ZnSO4

6. H2O (l) + Na2O (s) → 2 NaOH(aq)

7. KClO3 (s) → KCl (s) + 3 O2(g)

8. FeS (g) + 2 HCl (g) → FeCl2 (s) + H2S (g)

DR

Decomp

Synth

SR

SR

Synth

Decomp

DR

Na2S (aq)

Aqueous solution of sodium sulfide is mixed with asolution of aluminum chloride producing solidaluminum sulfide and aqueous sodium chloride

+ AlCl3 (aq) → Al2S3 (s) + NaCl (aq)

1. Write formulas

3 62

2. Balance

3. What type of chemical reaction

Double Replacement

4

Aqueous solution of calcium chromate is mixed witha solution of silver nitrate producing solid silverchromate and aqueous calcium nitrate

CaCrO4 (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → Ag2CrO4 (s)+ Ca(NO3)2 (aq)

1. Write formulas

2. Balance


Double Replacement

2

Aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride is mixed withsolid copper producing solid iron and aqueouscopper (II) chloride

FeCl3 (aq) + Cu (s) → Fe (s) + CuCl2 (aq)

1. Write formulas

2. Balance


Single Replacement

2 33 2

“solid metal” =

metal is element not ion

Cu(s) not Cu+2

Mg(s) not Mg+2

diatomic elements=

H O F Br I N Cl

Cl2 not Cl O2 not O H2 not H

topic 3-2 slides - mr. tuori's ap & honors chemistry€¦ · 3 single replacement double...

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