topex multiswitch user manual en

8/18/2019 TOPEX MultiSwitch User Manual En

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TOPEX multiSwitch

User manual

2008


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multiSwitch – user manual

© TOPEX 2008 2

About TOPEX

TOPEX is a group of Romanian companies, established in 1990, by 10 enthusiastic engineersexperienced in telecommunications. Its activity is directed to the research, developmentand manufacturing of telecom equipment, as well as providing the service for it.

TOPEX has quickly become the most important supplier of IT&C solutions for small andlarge companies, as well as for telecommunications operators and providers in Romania.The company designs equipment for all existing mobile systems (GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS,CDMA EVDO, HSDPA/TDD), including 3G+ technology.

TOPEX is represented all over Romania by a wide network of local distributors throughwhich the promotion, administration and product maintenance are running.

Due to our innovation power, authentic flexibility, real respect for our partners and to thesecure solutions that we provide, TOPEX extended its business worldwide. Currently,TOPEX delivers its products through its distributors to: Italy, Spain, France, Russia, UK,Turkey, Netherlands, Greece, Republic of Moldavia, Bulgaria, Nigeria etc.

In order to achieve effective and flawless manufacturing for its products, TOPEX hascarefully organized its Research and Development Department along with its productionfacility. This allows TOPEX to have maximum control of all the processes involved in thecomplex operations related to high-technology electronic manufacturing.Currently, the Research and Development Department counts 30 specialists and the trendis ascending.

TOPEX also considers the training and the service as part of the solutions it provides.Therefore, comprehensive trainings are organized at the Topex factory, complimentary for

the company’s clients. Service is also provided over internet, as all TOPEX solutions aredesigned especially to allow this, at the lowest cost.

TOPEX has implemented the quality management system according to the ISO-9001standard certified by SRAC since 1997, respectively by IQNET since 2002. Since 2001,TOPEX became a member of I.T.U. (International Telecommunication Union).

The main product lines of our company are:- GSM/GPRS/UMTS interfaces (analogue, ISDN BRI and PRI, GSM, VoIP gateways) and

SIM servers.- Advanced interfaces for connecting to different mobile networks (voice/data

UMTS, TDD or HSDPA for fast speed in data transmission, LAN, EVDO router, GPS,

miniatures)- VoIP gateways, softswitches- Mixed systems for special communications applications, such as VCSS (air traffic

control, railroad dispatch)- Telephone switch systems (analogue, digital, private/rural, IP PBX, protocol

converters)


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For further details, please visit our website at: www.topex.ro

WEEE Directive Compliance

WEEE Directive

This symbol applied on the product you purchased or on its packaging meansthat the product is not to be recycled in the same manner as domestic

garbage.According to the EU and Romanian legal provisions, the recycling of EEequipments must be accomplished separately for the purpose of preservingthe natural resources and to avoid the negative effects upon human healthand environment.The TOPEX product will be recycled in compliance with current legislation.The purchased product will not be disposed of as domestic garbage afterending its lifecycle and will be returned to TOPEX at the following address:10 Feleacu Str., 014486, or delivered to a DEEE collecting organization thatis agreed by TOPEX.

! Do not dispose of the product yourself as unsorted domestic garbage,recycle it to protect the environment. Separate the packaging materials andsort it for recycling.

For additional information, contact us at:Phone: +4021 408.39.00 or www.topex.ro

http://www.topex.ro/http://www.topex.ro/http://www.topex.ro/http://www.topex.ro/


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Table of Contents

1 BASE CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................7 1.1 Network switching technology................................................................................................7 1.2 Packet switching ....................................................................................................................8

1.3 IP telephony technology.........................................................................................................8 1.4 IP Voice Coding and compression modes.............................................................................9

2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW........................................................................................................... 10 2.1 TOPEX multiSwitch – introduction...................................................................................... 12 2.2 Architecture ......................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.1 Client computer ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 TOPEX equipment ................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Enclosure................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.4 Electric circuit ........................................................................................................... 16 2.2.5 PC Server Specifications ......................................................................................... 16

3 INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS....................................................................................... 17 4 SYSTEM SERVICES............................................................................................................ 18

4.1 Call Control Flow................................................................................................................. 19

4.2 Client Classes ..................................................................................................................... 20 4.2.1 Description............................................................................................................... 20 4.2.2 Main Features .......................................................................................................... 21

4.3 Clients .................................................................................................................................21 4.3.1 Description............................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2 Main Features .......................................................................................................... 21 4.3.3 SIP users ................................................................................................................. 22 4.3.4 FXS users ................................................................................................................ 23 4.3.5 ANI Users................................................................................................................. 24 4.3.6 Prepaid users........................................................................................................... 24 4.3.7 Trunks ...................................................................................................................... 25

4.4 Destinations ........................................................................................................................ 25

4.5 Tariffs .................................................................................................................................. 26

4.6 Service instances................................................................................................................ 26 4.7 CDR – Call Detail Records ................................................................................................. 27

5 SIP FEATURES.................................................................................................................... 28 5.1 Security level....................................................................................................................... 29

6 TOPEX multiSwitch INSTALLATION.................................................................................... 30 6.1 System access .................................................................................................................... 30 6.2 IP address changing ........................................................................................................... 31 6.3 Time and date changing ..................................................................................................... 31

7 TEXT FILES CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................... 34 7.1 “voip.cfg” configuration........................................................................................................ 34 7.2 “group.cfg” configuration ..................................................................................................... 35

7.3 “exec.cfg” configuration....................................................................................................... 37

7.3.1

Debug parameters ................................................................................................... 37

7.3.2 Data Base activation ................................................................................................ 38 7.3.3 RADIUS activation ................................................................................................... 38 7.3.4 RTP Proxy ................................................................................................................ 39 7.3.5 Other parameters..................................................................................................... 39

7.4 “sip_pbx.cfg” configuration.................................................................................................. 41 7.4.1 Debug parameters ................................................................................................... 41 7.4.2 Proxy and register parameters ................................................................................ 42

7.5 “register_users.cfg” configuration ....................................................................................... 45 7.6 “public_private.cfg” configuration........................................................................................ 45 7.7 “trafic.cfg” configuration ...................................................................................................... 46 7.8 RADIUS activation .............................................................................................................. 47

7.9 Data Base Billing................................................................................................................. 49

7.9.1 Pg SQL Billing .......................................................................................................... 50 7.9.2 My SQL Billing ......................................................................................................... 50


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7.10 IVR activation and configuration....................................................................................... 52 7.10.1 Actions and events of IVR service........................................................................... 52 7.10.2 IVR configuration examples for prepaid şi voice attendant ..................................... 54

7.11 TELNET commands.......................................................................................................... 56 8 DESCRIPTION OF THE WEB INTERFACE........................................................................ 59

8.1 The web administration interface........................................................................................ 59

8.2 Authentication ..................................................................................................................... 59 8.3 The menu bar...................................................................................................................... 60

8.4 The "Server Settings" menu................................................................................................ 61 8.4.1 The "About" option ................................................................................................... 61 8.4.2 "SIP Access List" option .......................................................................................... 62 8.4.3 "Settings" option....................................................................................................... 63 8.4.4 The "Equipments" option ......................................................................................... 64

8.5 The "Server Management" menu........................................................................................ 66 8.5.1 T he "Client Classes" option ..................................................................................... 66

8.5.1.1 Editing a client class................................................................................................ 67 8.5.1.2 Adding a new client class........................................................................................ 70 8.5.1.3 Adding rules for a client class ................................................................................. 72 8.5.1.4 Setting alarms for a client class .............................................................................. 73

8.5.2

The "Translate ANI" and "Translate DNIS" options ................................................. 74 8.5.3 The "Routes" option ................................................................................................. 77

8.5.3.1 Editing a route .........................................................................................................77 8.5.3.2 Creating a new route............................................................................................... 79

8.5.4 The "Access In" option............................................................................................. 82 8.5.5 The "Access Out" option .......................................................................................... 84 8.5.6 The "Global Rules" option........................................................................................ 85

8.6 The "Services" menu........................................................................................................... 86 8.6.1 The "SIP Aliases" option .......................................................................................... 86 8.6.2 The "Centrex groups" option.................................................................................... 87 8.6.3 The "Hunting Groups" option ................................................................................... 89 8.6.4 The "Pickup Groups" option..................................................................................... 90 8.6.5 The "Forking Groups" option ................................................................................... 91

8.7 The "User Management" menu........................................................................................... 92 8.7.1 The "System" option ................................................................................................ 92

8.7.2 The "SIP" option....................................................................................................... 97 8.7.2.1 Adding a SIP user ................................................................................................... 97 8.7.2.2 CLI options for a SIP user..................................................................................... 100 8.7.2.3 Customized rules for SIP users ............................................................................ 101 8.7.2.4 Aliases for SIP users............................................................................................. 101 8.7.2.5 The Web Access option ........................................................................................ 102

8.7.3 The "ANI" option .................................................................................................... 103 8.7.4 The "FXS" option ................................................................................................... 105

8.7.4.1 Editing the properties of the FXS subscriber ........................................................ 105 8.7.4.2 Adding a new FXS user ........................................................................................ 106

8.7.5 The "Prepaid" option .............................................................................................. 107

8.7.6

The "SIP Locations" option .................................................................................... 109 8.8 The "Billing" menu............................................................................................................. 110

8.8.1 The "Profiles" option .............................................................................................. 110 8.8.2 The "Subscriptions" option..................................................................................... 112 8.8.3 The "Currencies" option ......................................................................................... 113 8.8.4 The "Groups" option............................................................................................... 114

8.9 The "Account Properties" menu........................................................................................ 116 8.9.1 T he "Call List" option.............................................................................................. 116

8.9.1.1 The "Filters" button................................................................................................ 117 8.9.1.2 Call details............................................................................................................. 119 8.9.1.3 CDR Export ...........................................................................................................121

8.9.2 The "Address Book" option .................................................................................... 122 8.9.3 The "Logout" option ............................................................................................... 123

8.10 The "Testing" menu......................................................................................................... 124 8.10.1 The "User Generator" option ................................................................................. 124


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8.10.2 The "Rule Generator" option.................................................................................. 125 8.11 The "Reports" menu........................................................................................................ 126

8.11.1 The "Profitability [Brief]" option .............................................................................. 126 8.11.2 The "Profitability [In]" option................................................................................... 127 8.11.3 The "Profitability [Out]" option ................................................................................ 127 8.11.4 The "Reliability [In]" option ..................................................................................... 128

8.11.5

The "Reliability [Out]" option .................................................................................. 129 8.12 The "Templates" menu.................................................................................................... 130

8.12.1 The "Class Templates" option ............................................................................... 130 8.12.2 The "SIP User Templates" option.......................................................................... 132 8.12.3 The "FXS User Templates" option......................................................................... 134 8.12.4 The "ANI User Templates" option.......................................................................... 135 8.12.5 The "Prepaid User Templates" option ................................................................... 137

9 ACTIVATION AND CONFIGURATION OF THE SERVICES............................................. 138 9.1 SIP users registration........................................................................................................ 138

9.1.1 Creating a client class (directs).............................................................................. 138 9.1.2 Adding SIP users ................................................................................................... 140

9.2 Configuring the Call Waiting option................................................................................... 142 9.3 Configuring the Do Not Disturb option.............................................................................. 144

9.4 Configuring the Call Forward service................................................................................ 145 9.5 Configuring the Call Back service..................................................................................... 146

9.6 Configuring the Call Hunting option .................................................................................. 147 9.7 Configuring the Call Pick-up option................................................................................... 148 9.8 Configuring the Call Forking service................................................................................. 148 9.9 Configuring the Suspend Subscriber service.................................................................... 149 9.10 ACL Configuration........................................................................................................... 150 9.11 Configuring the Call Baring service................................................................................. 151 9.12 Configuring the CLIP / CLIR options............................................................................... 152 9.13 Configuring the Voice Mail .............................................................................................. 153 9.14 Configuring Voice Mail 2 E-mail...................................................................................... 156 9.15 Configuring Missed Calls 2 E-mail.................................................................................. 157 9.16 Flagging the packets as ToS or DSCP ........................................................................... 157

9.17 Number Portability........................................................................................................... 158 9.18 Enabling the services directly from the SIP phone ......................................................... 159

10 TECHNICAL DATASHEET................................................................................................. 160 11 OPERATING CONDITIONS............................................................................................... 161

11.1 Environment conditions................................................................................................... 161 11.2 Security conditions.......................................................................................................... 161

12 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................ 162

This manual is Revision E, October 2008


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1 BASE CONCEPTS

In order to create a quick background of networks and data communications we detail below afew base concepts related to the network switching technology, packet switching, IP telephony,compression modes or IP voice coding.

Data communication is a new communication mode combining the computer andcommunication, which is the foundation upon which various computer networks can be set up.

The data communication network has been developing for over 30 years. In the course whenhuman beings enter the information society, data communication is playing a more and moreimportant role.

1.1 Network switching technology

In a wide area, data communication is to transmit data from a source node to the destinationvia the intermediate switching node network. Such a switching node does not care about contents of

data.

Its objective is to provide switching facilities for mobile data between nodes. A terminationdevice for communication can be called a site. A site can be a computer, terminal, telephone oranother communication device.

A switching device providing communication is called a node. They form a topology after beingconnected with each other via transmission links. Each site can be connected with a node. Thecollection of all nodes is called a communication network.

In a switching communication network, the data entering the network from a site via inter-nodeswitching is sent to the destination after being routed. From a simple network, we can specify that:

- Some nodes are only connected to other nodes. The only task of these nodes is to completeinternal data exchange. Other nodes are connected to one or more sites. Except the exchangefunction, these nodes also receive data from the connected site and delivers data to theconnected site;

- Generally, the multi-channel multiplexing is adopted for inter-node links. We can also adopt thefrequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) mode. In addition, thenetwork is not all connected, i.e., there is no direct link between each possible node pair.However, it is always hoped that there are more than one path between each pair of sites toincrease the network reliability.

In the wide area network, two different technologies are adopted: circuit switching and packetswitching. Along the path from the source to destination, there are differences between the modes ofswitching information from one line to another for different nodes.

Since the major multiSwitch bearer network is based on the packet switching network, we will

primarily describe the packet switching mode below.


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1.2 Packet switching

In the packet switching network, data are transmitted in short packets which have a maximumsize limit. If a larger packet is to be sent from a source site, this packet will be split into a series ofshorter packets.

Each packet contains a part of user data (or the whole of a shorter packet) and some controlinformation. The control information should at least contain routing information needed by the networkfor sending packets to the destination.

At each node of a path, packets are received, stored for a short period of time and thentransmitted to the next node. Compared with circuit switching, packet switching has the followingadvantages:

High line efficiency: a single inter-node link can be dynamically shared by multiple packets. In thiscase, packets are queued and sent out from the relevant link as soon as possible. However, incircuit switching, the time on the inter-node link is allocated in advance with synchronous timedivision multi-channel multiplexing. In this case, the time slot allocated to a connection cannot beoccupied by other connections even when it is idle;

The packet switching network can implement data rate conversion. In this case, two sites withdifferent data transmission rates can exchange packets with each other since each site isconnected to its communication node at the respective rate. However, in circuit switching, the twosites connected with a circuit should transmit and receive data at the same rate;

In a circuit switching network, when the traffic is high, some calls will be blocked, i.e., the networkwill reject new connection requests before the load on the network reduces. However, in a packetswitching network, such packets will still be received but the transmission delay is increased;

Priorities are used. If there are many packet queues to be transmitted for a node, it can transmitpackets with higher priorities in precedence. These packets will have lower delay than those withlower priorities.

Generally, packet switching does not mean to send the whole packet of a user. Instead, one

packet is divided into several packets that can be saved in the memory.

This increases the switching speed. This mode is applicable to interactive data transmission.

According to services provided by the communication subnet for the termination system,packet switching can be further divided into datagram and virtual circuit switching.

1.3 IP telephony technology

The major objective of the IP telephony technology is to combine the IP network with thetelephony network. Moreover, IP telephones can be used by not only computer users but also ordinary

telephone users.The two networks have different characteristics: the IP network is a kind of network

transmitting data information, in which the packet switching technology is applied; while the telephonenetwork is a kind of network transmitting analog voice signals, in which the circuit switching technologyis applied.

As we know, the characteristic of circuit switching is that a circuit is occupied whenever a callis connected. It will be occupied all along as long as no party hangs up no matter whether the twoparties are talking to each other.

Generally, a party is listening while the other party is talking. Therefore, in this case, at least50% of the circuit is not utilized and the circuit utilization ratio is very low.

The packet transmission technology is to divide information data to be transmitted into groups

based on a certain length (i.e., cutting them to “packets”), add an address flag to each “packet”, andthen transmit them in the store-forward mode.


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In this case, each session packet does not monopolize a circuit. Instead, it is sent only whenthe circuit is idle. In this way, multiple sessions can share one channel asynchronously. Thus, thecircuit utilization ratio is considerably increased.

Furthermore, the digital compression technology is adopted in packet transmission. Therefore,the circuit utilization ratio is many times higher than that of circuit switching. In addition, the chargingmode of packet transmission is irrelevant to the distance. This tremendously reduces the IP costs.

At present, with the application of multiple QoS-ensuring technologies such as the queue,priority, RSVP, VPN and MPLS, the IP network technology is developing towards a higher rate andbetter QoS.

Moreover, with the IP telephone technology, the communication cost can be savedconsiderably. This determines its tremendous market potential.

With the driving of the market, more and more research institutes, internationalstandardization organizations, manufacturers etc. are devoting themselves to the development of IP-related technologies, thus enabling it to reach the degree of commercialization.

1.4 IP Voice Coding and compression modes

The transmission of real time voices via the IP network is different from that of ordinary data.In the former case, the relevant application devices must meet the real time of voices. The voicepacket transmission requires the network to provide sufficient bandwidth in time.

Therefore, for most of the current IP networks that do not provide so high rates, the voicecompression technology is the key for implementing IP voice communication. Now, we will present abrief description of the frequently used voice coding and compression modes at present:

PCM - Pulse code modulation is the earliest digital voice technology, which does not include anycompression algorithm. It transmits voice signals with the 64kbps bandwidth, i.e., taking 8,000samples per second and acquiring an 8-digit voice signal per sample. PCM is the standard codingmode adopted in G.711.

CELP - Code excited linear prediction (CELP) is the most advanced voice transmission technology

at present. The CELP algorithm is to compare analogue signal samples with curves in thepredefined code book; send codes in the code book closest to these analogue signal samples tothe receiving end; and regenerate original signals after comparison again with the code book atthe receiving end. The sampling interval of original signals is very short. Therefore, theregenerated signals are very close to the original signals after being filtered. CELP is the basis ofnumerous advanced patented voice compression modes. Voices can be compressed to 5.3 kbps,8 kbps or 9 kbps.

CS-ACELP - Conjugate structure algebra code excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP) or G.729 is the 8kbps voice compression and coding standards of International Telecommunications Union (ITU).CS-ACELP is a new algorithm, which is able to encode 8kbps voice signal bit streams (while therate of ordinary PCM signals is 64 kbps). The bandwidth efficiency is eight times as that of PCMand four times as that of 32 kbps ADPCM. At present, CS-ACELP is the most welcome voiceencoding/decoding plan.

When actually selecting a voice compression algorithm, it is necessary to take various factorsinto consideration. For example: the pursue of higher bit rates guarantees sound voice quality butrequires to occupy more system resources. While lower bit rates will influence voice quality andincrease delay.

Therefore, to keep better voice quality in the precondition of lower bit rates is the principle forcompression algorithm selection.


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2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

At present, two totally independent networks exist: the PSTN network and the data network,which provide the voice service and basic data service respectively.

Network separation and isolation of operation & maintenance have been keeping the generalnetwork operation & maintenance costs on a high level, and furthermore, a network cannot providecomplicated convergence services, although the network convergence has been an inevitable trend.

Hierarchical models are adopted for the MultiSwitch - based Next Generation Network (NGN).The entire network can be divided into five levels: Application Level, Call Management Level,Infrastructure Level, Interface Equipment Level and Customer Premises Level, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Next Generation Network based on the MultiSwitch Technology

Below will be described all the component levels of the Next Generation Network architecturestarting from the base to the top (as you can see in Figure 1):

Customer Premises Level – it refers to the terminals which are accessible to the common users. This

level include among other equipments: SIP Phones, GSM terminals, modems, Soft Phones,computers, analogue phones, etc.

Interface Equipment Level – this layer refers to various access gateways and new types of accessterminal devices related to the current network. It implements interworking between the deviceslocated at the “Customer Premises Level” and the “Infrastructure Level”. This level containsseveral gateways manufactured by TOPEX such as Media Gateway, GSM / UMTS / CDMAGateway and SS7 Signalling Gateway.

Infrastructure Level – The Infrastructure Layer refers to a packet switching network composed ofbackbone transmission equipment such as IP router or broadband ATM switch, which is thebearer basis of a MultiSwitch network.

Call Management Level – refers to MultiSwitch control units, which completes integrated control

processing functions such as call processing control, access protocol adaptation, interconnectionand interworking and provides an application support platform for the entire network.


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Application Level - The Application Layer provides a network with various applications and services,client-oriented integrated intelligent services and service customization. The applications includedhere are:- Voice messaging;- Voice portal;- Prepaid application;

- Billing application;- Video services.

Standard interfaces are used for communication between layers. Under the control of the coreequipment (i.e., the MultiSwitch equipment) and based on division of labour and cooperation of work,the related equipment implements various service functions of the system.

In MultiSwitch architecture, the MultiSwitch control equipment is the core, which isindependent of the bottom-layer bearer protocols and implements functions such as call control, mediagateway access control, resource allocation, protocol processing, routing, authentication andaccounting.

The MultiSwitch control equipment can provide all basic call services, supplementary servicesand point-to-point multimedia services a PSTN can provide.

Furthermore, with the cooperation of the Service Layer equipment (SCP) and ApplicationServer, the equipment also can provide users with traditional intelligent services, value-added IPservices, diverse third-party value added services and new intelligent services.


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2.1 TOPEX multiSwitch – introduction

Since a traditional voice network is a closed network with monopolized resources, it hasbecome a common understanding in the telecom industry that the packet network (typically, theInternet), with the advantages such as open architecture, low costs and large scale, will replace the

PSTN.Thus it becomes the basic frame of the next generation of convergence networks and that the

construction of the next generation of networks will be based on current packet networks. It isnecessary for carriers to consider resource utilization and investment protection during construction offuture networks. On one hand, carriers should trace the latest technologies and on the other hand,they should try to utilize existing technologies and resources.

Thus, carriers can provide users with large numbers of services economically and rapidly tomake the highest profits, without the need of large-scale network alteration. The solution of smoothtransition from existing networks to the next generation networks is the key to the problem. TheMultiSwitch solution based on multiSwitch technology is just a mainstream solution to smooth networkevolution.

A MultiSwitch is a very important device in a telecommunication network. It connects the callsfrom a telecommunication operator to another one only through software. The old routing call throughhardware devices is now replaced by the MultiSwitches.

The MultiSwitch is a new switching solution running on a hardware platform – a computer - toimprove and even to replace the switching function of the C.O. (Central Office).

Figure 2 – Software system of TOPEX MultiSwitch control equipment


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Designed in the distributed mode, the software system of TOPEX MultiSwitch has thehierarchical and modular features. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2.

The Device (Protocol) Adaptation Layer is responsible for accessing various external standardprotocols such as H.248, MGCP, H.323 and SS7, converting them to unified internal messages andsending them to the Call Server for proper processing.

For future protocols, we can implement the upgrading of the system smoothly just by addingthe corresponding software adaptation module to this layer.

As the control core of the system, the Call Server provides unified call control. The ResourceManager is responsible for allocating various call-related media resources, for example, controlling themedia server to play service tones. The BICC / SIP (Bearer Independent Call Control) modulesupports interworking between peer entities (MultiSwitch control equipment).

The Service Manager is responsible for providing interaction between the MultiSwitch controlequipment and the upper-level SCP and Application Server. The Data Manager provides an unifiedaccess interface to the internal database.

The MultiSwitches achieve the same operations like the usual switch equipments and they arecompletely transparent to the final user.

A call has three stages until it is ended:• The client and client classes identification;• The identification of services and routes to destination;• The call accomplishment.

The TOPEX MultiSwitch application manages the calls using two concepts: the “ClientClasses” and “Clients”.

2.2 Architecture

The TOPEX MultiSwitch application is delivered by TOPEX Company in two variants:

• installed directly on the client’s computer;

• included into equipment which can be mounted in a rack.

In both cases, the manufacturer offers to the client a software licence key. This licence key isdifferent for each TOPEX application. It supplies a better protection of the equipment and unauthorizeduse of this one.

2.2.1 Client computer

In the first situation, the software application is installed by TOPEX on a computer supplied bythe client. Also, TOPEX install on this computer the Gentoo Linux 2006 operating system required forthe proper operation of the MultiSwitch application.

The computer where the TOPEX MultiSwitch application will be installed must accomplish theminimum requirements shown below:

• Pentium 4 processor with 3 GHz frequency;• 1 GB RAM memory;• 100 GB hard disk free space;• DVD RW.

The system is delivered by TOPEX with a default IP address 192.168.1.20. This address is ona label applied on the client computer enclosure.


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2.2.2 TOPEX equipment

The second delivery variant of the multiSwitch application is the installation on a TOPEXequipment.

The equipment has a compact design, it is reliable and has a 1U height and 19” width to bemounted in a correspondent rack.

In fact, it is a computer enclosed in a metallic case.On the front panel, the equipment has a cover with notches for the ventilation. The cover can

be locked with a key delivered by TOPEX to prevent the unauthorized access to the front panel of theequipment.

Figure 3 – TOPEX MultiSwitch – general view

Also, there is a label applied on the TOPEX multiSwitch equipment enclosure. This labelcontains the default IP address of the equipment which is 192.168.1.20.

The equipment is supplied through the power supply cable included in the TOPEX MultiSwitchequipment from the 230 V A.C. / 50 Hz network.

Package content:

When you unpack the TOPEX multiSwitch equipment box, you must find the next items:

Item Pcs

TOPEX MultiSwitch equipment in a 1U height case 1

Mounting kit for a 19” rack 1

Protection key for the front panel 2

Internal supply cable 1

Power supply cable 1

User’s Manual 1

Warranty Certificate 1


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2.2.3 Enclosure

The TOPEX MultiSwitch unit is enclosed in a 19” case with 2U height. The front panel includesa cover with notches that is opening with a key delivered by TOPEX. The access to the front panel ofthe equipment can be locked to prevent unauthorized access.

When the cover is unlocked you will have access to the front panel of the equipment.

Figure 4 – TOPEX MultiSwitch - Front panel

On the front panel the equipment are located:

• the reset button – colored in red (labeled RESET);

• the power button – colored in green (labeled POWER);

• 2 x cooling fans for assuring the proper ventilation of the equipment;

• DVD – ROM unit for reading CDs or DVDs;

• 2 x LEDs of the electric circuit.

Figure 5 – TOPEX MultiSwitch – Back panel

On the back panel of the TOPEX MultiSwitch equipment we have:

• a central panel with the connectors of the electrical circuit;

• the special connector for the power supply cable on the left upper part of the back panel;

• 2 x sets of notches for the equipment ventilation (located on the left and right extremities of theback panel).


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2.2.4 Electric circuit

The card contains a powerful processor controlling the whole PCI bus of the system.The electric circuit includes multiple printed circuit cards and a hard disk for the operating system(Gentoo Linux 2006), MultiSwitch application and storage of data.

It features on the front panel:

• green LED (labeled with the symbol) – shows the equipment power supply when it lights up;

• orange LED (labeled with the symbol) – shows the hard disk activity when it lights up.

On the back panel of the electric circuit we have:

• 2 x PS/2 connectors for mouse and keyboard connection;

• 4 x USB-A connectors (2 connectors in the left side, near the mouse / keyboard connectors, and2 connectors in the right side, under the Ethernet connector);

• DB 27 female connector for the printer connection;

• DB 9 male connector;

• DB 15 female connector for the PC monitor connection;

• Ethernet connector for the local network;

• 3 connectors – 2 (blue and yellow) for connecting the head phones and speakers and the pinkone for connecting a microphone.

2.2.5 PC Server Specifications

TOPEX multiSwitch application can be installed on several PC servers which must achieve aminimum configuration described earlier. In case of the PC Servers delivered by TOPEX along withthe multiSwitch application installed the usual server is a HP Proliant DL140G3 type.

The HP PC Server specifications are detailed below:

Model HP Proliant DL140 G3 5140

Processor Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5140 (2.33 GHz, 65 W, 1333 MHz FSB)Cache Memory 4MB (1 x 4MB) Level 2 Cache or 8 MB (2 x 4MB) Level 2 CacheRAM Memory 1 GB FBD PC2-5300 DDR2 Fully Buffered DIMMs (667 MHz) – 2 x 512 kitNetworkController

Two embedded NC320i PCIe Gigabit Server Adapters

Storage

Controller

HP 8 Internal Port SAS HBA with RAID

Internal storage 36 GB 15 K SAS Hot plug hard drive 3.5”Optical Drive HP DL320 RoHS DVD RWForm Factor Rack 1UInstallation Kit HP 5140 DL140 G3


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3 INTERFACES AND PROTOCOLS

This chapter introduces the connection of the product with the entire network, the providedinternal/external interfaces and used signaling / protocols. It enables users to have a fullunderstanding of the connection modes of the equipment and other products.

The TOPEX MultiSwitch control equipment is the control core in the multiSwitch system, whichalso serves as the external interface of the entire system. It supports multiple signaling protocols,which can provide interactions with other networks such as PSTN, H.323 and SIP.

In addition, the multiSwitch control equipment also provides the Ethernet interface forconnection with the data network.

The TOPEX MultiSwitch control equipment is a multi-protocol entity, which interacts andcoordinates with other equipments in the multiSwitch network via various standard protocols(interfaces) to perform functions needed in the system together.

The TOPEX MultiSwitch control equipment supports the following protocols:

Call processing protocol – SIP, H.323, ISUP, TUP over IP;

Transmission control protocol - TCP, UDP, SCTP and TCAP / M3UA;

Media control protocol – SIP and H.323;

Service application protocol - RADIUS;

Maintenance management protocol – SNMP.

Figure 6 – Typical application of protocols


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4 SYSTEM SERVICES

The TOPEX MultiSwitch control equipment has powerful services capability. The MultiSwitchapplication inquires the MultiSwitch database which communicates with the administration andconfiguration web based interface.

Usually the database is installed on a different hardware platform than the MultiSwitchapplication, in order to prevent supplementary charge of the MultiSwitch machine.

Although in certain cases, when the data base is not to large, the MultiSwitch application andthe data base are installed on the same hardware structure. The TOPEX MultiSwitch controlequipment can use either a Postgre SQL or a My SQL database.

Figure 7 – Database interconnection

The basic voice service refers to the service of which the major purpose is to ensure normalconversation between subscribers. It is a service collection instead of a specific service. It includes thebasic call service, basic PSTN voice service and such voice services as the supplementary serviceand traditional intelligent service.

Here, the basic call service refers to the local, domestic and international automatic incomingcall and outgoing call services of various terminals. The terminal type includes the ordinary phoneaccessed via IAD, Soft Phone and various IP Phones based on H.248, MGCP, SIP and H.323. Thebasic call service is provided by the multiSwitch control equipment independently.


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4.1 Call Control Flow

The route followed by a call entered in the multiSwitch equipment is different from call to call.The call control flow depends on the calls type, if it is IP to IP, IP to TDM, TDM to IP, TDM to TDM orIP/TDM to a special service. These cases are detailed below:

IP to IP caseAccess In => Incoming Class => Optional DB checks => Routing table => Outgoing class =>Access Out

TDM to TDM caseIncoming Class => Optional DB checks => Routing table => Outgoing class

IP to TDM caseAccess In => Incoming Class => Optional DB checks => Routing table => Outgoing class

TDM to IPIncoming Class -> Optional DB checks -> Routing table -> Outgoing class -> Access Out

IP/TDM to special serviceAccess In (IP case) -> Incoming Class -> Optional DB checks -> Routing table -> Service |Hunting | Port

From the multiSwitch input trunk until multiSwitch output trunk, a call must pass throughseveral tables like Access In, Incoming Class, Routing Table, Outgoing Class, Data Base, Access Out.

Access In Is used only for IP call (SIP/H323).For TDM calls port is directly assigned to incoming class.It assign an incoming class for each call according to:- IP/netmask- TCP/UDP port- protocol (SIP/H323)

- Prefix- Number of digits from DNIS

Incoming class Each call has an incoming classSettings from incoming class will be applied to the calls assigned toit.

Optional DB checks:- translate ANI- translate DNIS- portability- ANI users

Here you can activate some optional database checks see bellow.

Routing table It route calls to one of the following:- outgoing class- special service- hunting service- directly to a specific TDM port

Outgoing class Settings from outgoing class will be applied to the calls routed to it.

Access Out Is used only for IP call (SIP/H323).For TDM calls port is directly assigned to outgoing class.Specify the IP:Port, Protocol (SIP/H323) andTransport(UDP/TCP/TLS) where the calls are sent.Relation between Outgoing Class and Access Out is one to one


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4.2 Client Classes

4.2.1 Description

The client classes are divided in two categories:

• trunks (or junctions) – channels where through the calls from other networks are received or

sent;

• subscribers – the common users CLASS 5 – residential users or prepaid users.

There are two types of MultiSwitches:

• Class 4 MultiSwitch – used for the control of calls from different trunks (IP, PSTN) to VoIPnetwork ;

• Class 5 MultiSwitch – contains local users (subscribers) and interconnection with other operators – trunks.

The MultiSwitch developed by TOPEX can act as Class 4 MultiSwitch and also as Class 5MultiSwitch.


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4.2.2 Main Features

The main features of a client class are:

• to allow or to restrict calls to certain phone numbers – depending on the DNIS – Dialed NumberIdentification Service;

• to allow or to restrict calls from certain phone numbers – depending on the ANI – AutomaticNumber Identification;

• to modify ANI or DNIS for a client class – the source and destination numbers;

• to route the call depending on a client class;

• to charge the call depending on the client class;

• to limit the calls numbers from or to a certain client class for IN calls and OUT calls. For instance, aclient class can make a certain number of calls and also it can receive a limited number of calls.For that he will establish the number of received calls from every client class thus the total numbersof received calls to not be overflow.

Notice: This feature is specially used to the IP traffic in the Class 4 multiSwitches!

• to select the channels searching mode on TDM. There are three possibilities: increasing – from channel 1 to channel N; decreasing – from channel N to channel 1; circular – for instance 1 2 N 1 2 ...

where the N parameter depend on the number of the E1 streams used. This feature is specially usedin the SS7 trunks.

Warning! To avoid congestions, it is necessary that the two ends of the connection to have different

searching modes on TDM.For example, if one user has the increasing mode and the other has the decreasing mode, the

chance of congestion is almost zero.

• to establish the list of codecs on the input and output. For example if an operator send traffic witha voice codec that is not recognized by the destination the call could not be deployed.

4.3 Clients

4.3.1 Description

The clients represent the second concept of the TOPEX MultiSwitch and also an integratedpart of the Client Classes. There are several types of clients:

SIP – SIP users;

FXS – analogical subscribers;

ANI – or postpaid – clients identifiable through ANI.The MultiSwitch has a data base with the ANI codes of his subscribers. When a subscriber

wants to make a call, the MultiSwitch identifies his ANI code in the data base and allows him toachieve the call.

Prepaid – clients identifiable through PIN code.It is a similar procedure to the ANI identification. The difference is that the MultiSwitch has a

data base with PIN codes instead the ANI codes. Usually the clients who use this option dial a certainnumber to insert the PIN code. If the PIN code is retrieved in the MultiSwitch data base, they can dialthe destination number. If the user dial directly the destination number and he will not be identified onany options above he will be automatically rejected.Notice: This option is used when the user can not be identified through any other options above.

Trunks – junctions – links with other operators.

4.3.2 Main Features

The clients have several features described below:


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Language - the messages language that the user received from the MultiSwitch. These options are:English and Romanian.

Client Class - a call from a certain client can be routed and charged different from another dependingon his client class.

Restrictions - a client can have restriction to dial certain numbers or it can be restrict for dialing on

any number - he can only be dialed. A client can have restrictions for the received calls. He can choose certain users to be not able to callhim.

Client state – we have four options for the status of a client that can be:• Active;• Can’t call;• Can’t be called;• Can’t call and can’t be called.

Showing ANI - when a client makes a call, there are three possibilities for his ANI number:• ANI is displayed on destination• ANI is hidden on destination• ANI is not present

Translate – we have two possibilities: translate ANI and translate destination. The numbers from aspecified client class can be translated into numbers recognized by the destination.

4.3.3 SIP users

It represents a simple category of clients. It can be the usual SIP phone or a computer. Wehave several services for this type of users:

User name / Password – SIP user name and registration password

Restrictions – the SIP user can choose the subscribers who can or can not call him.

Call forward – this option allows the forwarding of a call when the user can not answer the call and hechooses a specified destination to answer the respective call. There are several possibilities when this

option is used:• destination is busy• destination not answers• destination is not available – the user is not registered• combination of the all options

Call hold – the called part can use this option to switch off the actual call for answering to a moreimportant call that intervenes. After the important call is ended, the previous call is retaken.

Call wait – it is used to switch between several calls at the same time. Instead the “Call hold” optionwhere a call must be ended before take over another one, in the “Call wait” option the calls can beswitched random and it is not necessary to end a call to take over another which is waiting.

Call wake up – the client can set up a time when the MultiSwitch will call him. He can choose a

message that the TOPEX MultiSwitch will send to him.

Redial – this option allows the user to call the last dialed number just pressing the redial key.

Do not disturb – the client can choose a time period when he can’t be disturbed. Between thespecified hours or days, any calls addressed to this client will be rejected.

Call back – this option allows a user to drop a call and to call back the respective subscriber whocalled him.

Call to – this option allows the calling of a second number and the connection with the call backnumber called.

Call hunting priority - it is used to establish the priority to route a call from a busy destination toanother one. The algorithm must be a non linear one to avoid overcharging of a certain user. In the

case of a linear algorithm, when the destination number is busy, the call will be routed always to thesame user which will be overwhelmed.


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Call hunting – when a call is directed to certain user and this one can not answer, the call will beforwarded to another user. If also the second user is busy, the call is routed to a third user. The orderof routing the calls is established depending on the “Call hunting priority” parameter.

Warning: To accomplish the hunting operation, the users must be in the same hunting group!

Call pick up – when a phone rings and the user is not there or he can not answer, another user can

take over the respective call. The user which wants to answer the calls must dial a code from histerminal to take over the call. Then the first phone will stop to ring and the call is answered by thesecond user.

Warning: To accomplish the pick up operation, the two users must be in the same pick up group!

Voice mail – the service that sends voice messages to a specified mail address. These messagesappear when:

• destination is busy• destination not answers• destination is not available – the user is not registered• combination of all these options

Video – allows the achievement of the video calls

Messages – allows sending messages such as: “On Line”, “Busy”, “Be Right Back”, “Away”, “On thephone”, “Out to lunch” or “Appear offline”.

4.3.4 FXS users

The FXS users are the usual analogical subscribers. The parameters of these users aredetailed below:

ANI – the ANI code of the subscriber;

Client id – the identification code for a client from the clients table;

Has allow in – option which establish the clients who can call a certain client;

Has deny in – option which establish the clients who can not call this client;

Call forward - this option allows the forwarding of a call when the user can not answer and hechooses a specified destination to answer the respective call. The options for using this service are thesame with those for the SIP users;

Voice mail – the service that sends voice messages to a specified mail address. The cases formessages appearance are the same with those for the SIP users;

Call hunting priority - it is used to establish the priority to route a call from a busy destination toanother one. The algorithm must be a non linear one to avoid overcharging of a certain user. In thecase of a linear algorithm, when the destination number is busy, the call will be routed always to thesame user which will be overwhelmed;

Call hunting – when a call is directed to certain user and this one can not answer, the call will beforwarded to another user. If also the second user is busy, the call is routed to a third user. The order

of routing the calls is establish depending on the “Call hunting priority” parameter; Warning: To accomplish the hunting operation, the users must be in the same hunting group!

Call pick up – when a phone rings and the user is not there or he can not answer, another user cantake over the respective call. The user which wants to answer the calls must dial a code from histerminal to take over the call. Then the first phone will stop to ring and the call is answered by thesecond user;

Warning: It is necessary that the two users to be in the same pick up group to realize the pick upoperation!

Call state – the status of the call which can be:• idle;• dialing;

• alerting;• ringing;


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• connected as calling;• connected as called.

Notice: There are other services for the FXS users but we do not detail them here because they aresimilar to the SIP users services. These services are:

• Call wait;•

Call wake up;• Redial;• Call hold;• Do not disturb;• Call back;• Call to.

4.3.5 ANI Users

Also, they are named postpaid clients. They are identified through the ANI number – thenumber of the calling part.

The specific features of this category of users are detailed below:

Client id – the client identification code.

Call back - this option allows to a user to drop a call and to call back the respective subscriber whocalled him.

Call to - this option allows the calling of a second number and the connection with the call backnumber called.

SMS2Mail – this option allows sending SMS messages from a phone terminal to a computer

4.3.6 Prepaid users

The prepaid users are identified through the PIN code. Usually they must dial a specifiednumber where they will insert the PIN code. The MultiSwitch checks the inserted PIN code in its database, and if it is retrieved, the client will have the permission to make a call to the destination hewants.

The parameters of the prepaid users are:- Client id – the client identification code;- Activation date – the date when the credit was activated;- Initial credit – the initial value of the prepaid client credit before any recharging;- Current credit – the current value of the prepaid client credit;- Expire date – the date when the current credit expires in the format yyyy-mm-dd hh-mm-ss;- Distributor code id – the identification code of the distributor of the recharging card.


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4.3.7 Trunks

They are channels where through the calls from other networks are received or sent.

There are two types of routing for trunks: when traffic is sent through IP or through TDM. The optionsare:

Routes in / Routes out – the IN and OUT routes for TDM traffic. The parameters are:• port – the switch port (slot)• client id – the id from the clients table

IP Routes IN / IP Routes OUT – the IN and OUT routes for IP traffic. The parameters are:• IP – the IP Address or the IP mask• port – number of the port on which the call is made• proto – the protocol used for sending the call. It can be SIP or H 323• clientid – the id of a client

Warning! For IP traffic, the IP parameter for the “IP Routes OUT” can be only the IP Address andfor “IP Routes IN” it can be the IP Address or the IP / Mask.

4.4 Destinations

After the Client Class and Client identification are made, the next step is the identification ofthe destination route. This feature of the TOPEX MultiSwitch shows the way routing is made.

The routing operation is based on several parameters described below:

Client Classes Id – the identification code from Client Classes

Prefix – the destination number of the call

Action – the operation made by the switch depending on the destination number. There are severalactions that can be accomplished:

• the call can be routed to a subscriber

• the call can be routed to a Client Class if the destination is an id from the Client Class

• the call can be routed to a service if the destination is a service number

• the call can be routed to a hunting group

• the call can not be routed

• the call can be routed on LCR if the destination is “lcr ” from the LCR table

Tax type – the way how the call is charged. There are several methods for charging calls developedby the TOPEX MultiSwitch:

• charging through the taxid pulses

• charging on time, where taxid is the id on the table “tax on time”

• charging depending on the geographical areas (labeled from 0 to 9).

Fork – the number of forked calls to reach the destination.

Mod – the way the call is routed depending on call parameters. The options are:

• normal routing

• it is searched the destination with he best ASR – Answer Seizure Ratio – the number ofsuccessful answered calls divided by the number of all the tries to call

• it is searched the destination with the best ACD – Average Call Duration

Max connection time – after this time is out of date the call is dropped.

Max digits – the maximum number of digits for a destination. It is set to 20. All the digits sent beyondthis number will be ignored.

Digits time out – this option interfere when the allocated time to dial the digits has expired.


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4.5 Tariffs

Usually there are only three tariffs depending on time: for week days, for week-end and forholidays. The week days are labeled from 1 to 7 and the holidays are labeled 8. The two parametersare: day and tariff .

We have three types of charging:

• Tax id pulses charging – this method establishes a fix charge for the client. For a tax id pulse, atime interval is set. The conversation will have a certain number of those time intervals and thecorrespondent number of tax id pulses. At the end of the conversation the cost of the call iscalculated through the multiplication of the number of tax id pulses and the cost for a tax id pulse.

• Tax on time charging – this option sets the time charging, where the tax id is an id from the tax ontime table. There are two time intervals: t1 and t2. Until a specified moment of the call t1 thecharge is made with a tax id and after this interval the charge will be made with another tax idcorresponding to the t2 interval.For instance, the client makes a call. He is charged when the other end of the connection answers.

At the answer the charge is at 1 minute. After this period he will be charged at 30 seconds.

• Tax zone – special charging depending on the geographical area. There are 10 geographical

areas labeled from 0 to 9. The tax zone parameters are: tariffs id – is the tariff from the Tariff table start time – represents the time when the tariff for a certain area begins end time – represents the time when the tariff for a certain area ends “t...z0” ... “t...z9” – is the time in milliseconds for a tax pulse in area number 0 ... 9

4.6 Service instances

Represents the services achieved by the TOPEX MultiSwitch. The parameters of this tableare:

Name – the name of the respective service.

Service Type – the type of the service. There are several types of services such as: prepaid,

postpaid, postpaid SSD, composite, account management, subscriber.PIN length – the dimension of the PIN code – the number of digits.

Digits time out – this option interfere when the allocated time to dial the digits has expired.

Ask language – the client receives a message that tells him to select the desired language such as:“For English press key 1”, “For Romanian press key 2”.

Play tone before dest – instead receiving a message, the destination receives a tone.

Nr error – the number of errors for a call. When this number is reached, the call is dropped.

Drop call if no ANI – if the ANI number is not recognized, the PIN code is asked to the user. If it is notrecognized the call is dropped.

Minute beep file – it is a beep message that appears at every talk time minute.

Play credit – shows the available credit of the client.

Play talk time – shows the talk time of the client calls

Ask new dest on call end – this option establishes if you want to make another call after the currentone was ended.

Drop pay phone play file – if it is defined, the calls from the pay phones are dropped.

Welcome file – the welcome message received by the client from the TOPEX MultiSwitch.

Transfer on error number – it implies the Nr error parameter. Usually when this error number isreached the call is dropped. Through this option the call will not be dropped anymore when the errornumber is reached. The call will be transferred to another destination chose by the client.


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Drop call on not credit for dest – When the client has not enough credit to reach the destination, heis asked if he want to call another destination. If the credit is to low for any destination, the call isdropped.

4.7 CDR – Call Detail Records

This option shows the detail records of the calls made and received by a client. It has several

parameters described below:

Number – the number where the client called or from where he was called.

Date / Time – the date and time of the calls accomplishment.

Duration – the time elapsed for every conversation made or received by a client in the format hh-mm-ss.

Client_id – the identification number of the client

Client_type – the type of the client. It can be SIP user, FXS user, ANI (Postpaid) user, Prepaid user ora trunk.

PIN – the PIN code of the client.

Calling_category – the category of the called client.Calling_number_type – the structure of the called client number.

Forward_number – the number where the call was forwarded if the initial destination was notavailable for answer.

Forward_reason – the reason why the call was forwarded to another destination. The call isforwarded if the client is busy, he don’t answer the phone or he is not available (is not registered).


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5 SIP FEATURES

TOPEX multiSwitch carrier grade softswitch is based on a power full SIP stack which containsseveral modules like:

SIP Registrar – allows the registration of SIP users (devices) in TOPEX multiSwitch

SIP User Agent - endpoint SIP interface for IP to IP or IP to TDM calls

SIP Proxy Server – allows the calls between SIP users

The events supported b

TOPEX multiSwitch equipment covers the complexity of the inferior level of the network inorder to generate integrated complex services.

The system uses a large dimension database as a data platform and offers several back-upmodes for the tax files, in order to guarantee data tax guarantee and the complete accomplishment of

the actual requirements in telecommunications. Also the system features a high reliability.Through CLASS 5 services supported by TOPEX multiSwitch are:

Call Waiting

Call Hold/Retrieve

Do Not Disturb

Call Forwarding (No Answer, Busy Number, Unconditional)

Call Back

Call Hunting

Call Forking

Multiple Subscriber Aliases

Anonymous Call Rejection

Access Control Lists – for Inbound and Outbound

Call Baring Incoming/Outgoing

Suspend Subscriber

Calling in / out intra-group and out-group

CLIP / CLIR

Web Agenda

Portal for customer to change its featuresCentrex – Emergency call

Centrex Call forward

Centrex Call Pick-up

Centrex Call Hunting

Voice Mail

Voice Mail 2 e-mail

Meet-me conference

SIP Video call

The system offers the complete set of telephony services to the clients connected from theprivate IP networks, without no limitation of the IP address diagram.


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TOPEX multiSwitch can support up to 3000 simultaneous calls with H.323 signalingand 10.000 simultaneous calls with SIP signaling.

5.1 Security level

Regarding the network security, the system supports setting different levels ofadministration, thereby preventing the achievement of unsafe operations on the equipment.

For the users who attempt to illegally access the system, the maintenance terminal provides aconnection to real-time information on any unauthorized attempts to access the system.

For connections that may threaten the safety of the equipment, such as repeated failed logins,IP addresses unsafe or very high traffic will be available prompts alarms.

In addition, the TOPEX multiSwitch offers some tools to test security, which will automaticallyreject applications from unauthorized connection and report them to the system.

For user security, the system TOPEX multiSwitch system offers an authentication codeequipment for each device that has valid permission to access.

The module contains an analysis of data traffic, which may help to highlight the abnormalbehavior of the network or any attempts of fraud.


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6 TOPEX multiSwitch INSTALLATION

TOPEX multiSwitch installation must achieve several stages:- Physical installation – connection of Ethernet cables- Power supply- System connection and configuration

First of all the multiSwitch server must be connected to the data network through an Ethernetcable. Then power supply the equipment through the on/off button located on the back side of theequipment.

6.1 System access

The connection to the system can be made directly (local connection) or remote through anEthernet connection from a PC.

In the case of local connection the access to the multiSwitch is made through the command:

ssh tpxadm@

The remote connection is made through SSH connection from a Linux PC or through anapplication which performs SSH under a different operating system (for instance Putty).

When you use Putty make the settings according to the figure :

Figure 8 – Ethernet connection through Putty

In the Putty main window check the SSH option, insert the IP address of TOPEX MultiSwitch,insert the number of port “2212” and press the “Open” button in order to access the TOPEXMultiSwitch structure.

The authentication data required for the login are:

- SSH port – 2212;


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- User name – “tpxadm”;

- Password – “u53rp455”.

The direct connection as root is not allowed. You must enter to the prompt the “su -”command after you are logged in, and insert the “5y5t3mp455” password. The firewall is open bydefault.

For the serial connection use a serial cable which is inserted in the DB9 connector from theback panel of the TOPEX multiSwitch enclosure and in the serial connector from a PC.

Use the HyperTerminal from Windows with parameters 115.200, 8, N, 1 in order to establish aserial communication with the TOPEX multiSwitch.

6.2 IP address changing

After the root connection with the “su-” command and the password “5y5t3mp455”, the clientmust change the IP address of the equipment.

The IP address modification is made by accessing the file located at “ /etc/conf.d/net “ whichcan be edited with “nano” or “mcedit” Linux applications.

The file must look like the example below:

config_eth0=( "192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.0.0" )routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.1.2" )

The DNS server is set in the “ /etc/resol.conf ” file.

After the files content modification you must restart the network interface through thecommand:

/etc/init.d/net.eth0 restart

6.3 Time and date changing

After the root connection on the equipment the main application is stopped through thecommand:

/etc/init.d/softswitch stop

Here you have two options for the time and date settings:

a – Set the time and date and is written in BIOS:

date MMDDHHMMYY /sbin/hwclock --systohc

b – Time zone is set and it is synchronize with the remote server pool.ntp.org

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/"timezone" /etc/localtime /etc/init.d/ntp-client restart

The multiSwitch application is then restarted:

/etc/init.d/softswitch restart

The configuration of multiSwitch equipment requires two steps:


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1 – Text files configuration

2 – Web based interface configuration

The internal multiSwitch structure is based on text files configuration which contains severalparameters of the equipment that must be changed according to each client requirements. The textfiles includes several features and services which must be enabled from the configuration files.

The web based management interface is used to activate the final configuration at the enduser level.

In the next chapters we will describe the text files and the web based interface with its featuresand parameters.


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7 TEXT FILES CONFIGURATION

TOPEX multiSwitch equipment central application is based on text files which contains themain parameters of the system. These files are „.cfg” type files and can be accessed from the Linuxfile structure of the equipment.

7.1 “voip.cfg” configuration

In the “voip.cfg” configuration file are set several parameters and protocols referred to VoIPcommunication. The location of this file is “ /mnt/app/cfg/voip.cfg”. In this file can be set the VoIPprotocols, DTMF digits, VAD, codecs.

The main lines of configuration file are:

dtmfRTP 101 100 1dtmfINFO 1/0

The line includes the DTMF digits according to the RFC 2833 standard and the DTMF digits

sent through INFO signaling.

vad 0

Activation / deactivation of Voice Activity Detection – the process of separating conversationalspeech. The primary function of a VAD is to provide an indication of the presence of speech in order tofacilitate speech processing as well as possibly providing delimiters for the beginning and end of aspeech segment.

audio_codecs 18 20 8 20 4 20 0 20

The line above describes the voice codecs used by the equipment and the packets time rate.Each codec has assigned a standard number. For instance:

18 corresponds to G.729 8 corresponds to G.711 A law 4 corresponds to G.723.1 0 corresponds to G.711 μ law

Between the codecs name is included the time rate – the time interval between two voicepackets.

The following lines starting with “voipgw”, “publicvoipgw”, “msp” and “forkmsp” are not used onmultiSwitch.

The last two lines from the “voip.cfg” configuration files are related to H.323 VoIP protocol.Initially multiSwitch has implemented only SIP protocol. For the H.323 support these two lines must beactivated.

h323 192.168.1.1 9010

forkh323 /mnt/app/bin/h323_apc -p9010

The first line includes the activation command for H.323 VoIP protocol including the IPaddress of the equipment and the communication port. The second line runs the core application ofH.323 module.


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7.2 “group.cfg” configuration

“Group.cfg” configuration file establishes the cards definition for the system. In themultiSwitch case we do not have a physical card and it is used a virtual VoIP card.

The first line establishes if the multiSwitch equipment is master or slave. Value “1” is for

master and “0” for slave.

m 1

In the case of standalone multiSwitch equipment, it is always set as master. When it isinvolved a larger architecture with media or signaling gateways and softswitches, the multiSwitch is setas master and the gateways are set as slave.

Slave means another main system application that is configured to accept connections frommaster. It can run on the same machine or a remote machine.

So if is the same application then you need to have the same directory structure as from appdirectory. If is running on the same machine (ex slave RTPproxy) you need to duplicate the appdirectory; usualy it is done by making a copy of 'app' to 'apprtpproxy' for example and after that makingchanges on cfg directory cards and ports are installed only on master.

The next line includes several parameters related to card group, group number, type, etc.

g 0 2 195.114.116.235 9000 1 0

The significance of each field is described below:field 1: g = means group line. For each group must be added in card.cfg at least one or morecards. For each card you need to install also the ports each group can have up to 16 cardsinstalled. Cards number will be in range [(gr_nr*16) ... ((gr_nr*16)+16)]. For instance if gr_nr =3, cards will be in range [3*16 ... 3*16+16] = [48 ... 64]

Note: if gr_nr > 12 you cannot have voip lines attached to group line; this mean that you need to addthem in slave configuration

field 2: group number; on versions over 4.1.90 you can see the number of groups with whichthe main application was built by running “centrala –v” and look for NRGROUP value

field 3: group type: 0=FXS|FXO|GSM|CDMA...; 1=E1; 2=VoIP|RTPproxy

field 4: connection IP to slave. If IP is different than 0.0.0.0 or 0 means that the master will tryto connect to this IP and port from next field; so in this case you don't need a second linestarting with voip; this line will appear in slave “group.cfg”. Keep in mind that always themaster is trying to connect to slaves defined here in this file

field 5: connection Port to slave

field 6: is significant only if it is set to 1 which means that is a Eones group – not used formultiSwitch

field 7: reserved for future development

For multiSwitch must be defined the “rtp_ip” parameter instead of a physical VoIP card.

rtp_ip 0 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.1.193rtp_ip 0 0.0.0.0/0 89.38.173.23

The format of rtp_ip field is: “rtp_ip ”.


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When the group type is 2 the following lines will appear:

voip 0 2 127.0.0.1 9081 fork /mnt/app/bin/rtpproxy -p 9081

voip 0 2 195.114.116.235 9671 fork /mnt/app/bin/mspd -p 9671 --trace-cmd -v --mem16 --gw-mac 00:19:AA:D2:3C:25 -m 00:52:C2:40:3E:43 195.114.116.239 --log /mnt/app/out/%d-%m-%y_mspd.log -

The fields significance is described below:

topex multiswitch user manual en

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